Team Roles, Leadership, and Sustainable Service Delivery Report

This report delves into the crucial aspects of team roles, leadership, and sustainable service delivery within the context of primary school nursing. It begins by highlighting the importance of teamwork in healthcare, particularly in the context of school nursing, where nurses play a vital role in providing health services and care to students. The report analyzes the impact of effective team roles and leadership styles in improving patient outcomes and ensuring the well-being of children. It also critically examines the relationship between leadership and sustainable service delivery, emphasizing the need for leaders to possess strong qualities such as effective communication, motivation, and the ability to foster a positive work environment. The report further explores theories of team building, including shared leadership and performance monitoring, and their impact on enhancing the quality of healthcare services. Finally, it discusses strategies for achieving sustainable service delivery, focusing on building sufficient time for activities, ensuring proper training, and reinforcing positive behaviors to improve customer services and the overall healthcare system. The report concludes with a discussion on leadership programs and the skills required for maintaining teamwork and problem-solving abilities.

Advanced Practice Nurse

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Effective team roles in Primary School Nurse............................................................................1
Critical Analysis of impact of leadership in Primary School Nurse and sustainable service
delivery........................................................................................................................................2
Theories of team building...........................................................................................................5
Selective Strategy for effective leadership in teams...................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Working in teams within health and social care organizations can have positive impact
when safety and security of the patient is taken into consideration. Need of teamwork has
increased over the years due to increase in complexity and varied kind of diseases. School Nurse
plays an important role in delivery health services and care to the students. School nurse has
significant role in providing effective health care services to child and adults. For providing care
to children they are requires to make us of effective leadership styles. School nurse is defined as
a professional who provides well being and care to the children and youth. There is
acknowledged relationship between health of a person and learning and in this process school
nurse availability supports in success in education. Nowadays number of people suffering from
heath issues has found growth which requires management (McCorkle and et.al., 2015).
Sustainable service delivery accounts present needs and requirements of the community and
ways in which services would be delivered while ensuring demand in the future does not get
compromised. Objective of the report is to examine team roles and its efficiency and ways to
improve the effectiveness. Study will also cover factors that leads to effective team work.
Strategies involved in the process of change management so that sustainability could be
improved will be studied as well. Present study focuses on theory of leadership which is effective
for school nurse. Theory of team building has been described in the report. Further more,
effectiveness of these theories and impact on school nurse has been described in the report.
Selective strategy theory and it critical evaluation has been done on the report.
Effective team roles in Primary School Nurse
Primary Nursing school offers children with the opportunity where their health gets
checked on regular basis so that if they are suffering from any type of diseases could be
identified and necessary actions could be taken. They also aware children of the school about
importance of good health and nutritious food. Healthy behaviours are linked with well being of
families and their children.
Major cause behind occurrence of several diseases and health related issues has increased
over the years because of consumption of unhealthy food and lack of physical exercises.
School is the second most important place in child's life where he learns, grow and face
challenges (Blais, Hayes and Erb, 2015). Due to increase in number of students with chronic
conditions, things have become more difficult for the nursing school faculties as well to manage
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them and provide care throughout the day. Team work forecasted great improvement and
enhancement in various sectors considering different aspects in health-care systems. It helps in
ensuring delivery of quality services, safety of patients so that they do not get harmed and abused
by anyone along with release of mental stress. Team work effectively helps in managing
manpower when there is shortage of staff within the organisation as by cooperating with one
another, work could be accomplished easily.
While working within teams, all the nursing staff are under supervision of professional
leader. Everybody is assigned to a particular group of patients and leaders teach and guide them
about work should be carried so that effective and influential services could be provided to the
service users.
Team work also reduces workloads and effectively distributed work has enhanced
efficiency. As a result, people are more satisfied with the work which ultimately increases
patient's satisfaction as well. Due to increase in number of people suffering from health issues it
requires more efforts from teams so that they could be managed efficiently and services users
could be avail with improved service quality and support
According to several researches performed one can conclude that collaborative efforts
make accomplishment of tasks successful (Kleinpell, 2013). When objectives and motives are
clear, high quality care is achieved by professionals. Ability to cooperate with one another
release stress level making people refreshed so that they could put more efforts into their work
bringing innovations in their workings.
Importance of team work could be identified as when people work with one another
chances of getting medical errors also reduces and also enforces staff members to incorporate
complicated and complex services into practice. Members get encouragement as well when
support is provided by everyone to learn ans acquire new methodologies. Patients safety
concerns also gets assistance by working staff.
Multidisciplinary approach is used by medical staff for the people suffering from diseases
like cancer, brain tumour, etc. People facing multiple health challenges require special attention
and care. Single individual is not responsible to users health rather entire team has the
responsibility. It is also focused on communicating with service users families about the
treatment that is being provided so that they have the knowledge of what is being used in treating
and curing their closed one (Barton, Merrilees and Miller, 2014). Regular meetings helps in
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proper analysis and examination of patient's health and ensures every specialist involved into
specific case has knowledge about the health condition of the patient on regular basis.
Critical Analysis of impact of leadership in Primary School Nurse and sustainable service
delivery
Leadership is an important consideration while dealing in health care sector. In order to
manage and organise work properly it is required to have effective work and staff management
within the organisation so that service delivery could be improved and sustained for the future as
well. To introduce any modifications in the existing health-care practices, strong leadership
qualities are required to be possessed by the leaders so that proper analysis could be conducted.
However, it is not the only responsibility of leaders to identify their job role and perform work
accordingly rather every individual working in health care homes should identify their
responsibilities and ensures that they deliver quality services to the users (Melnyk, Gallagher‐
Ford and Fineout‐Overholt, 2014). Leadership is very important for a leader to work in the
institution and following qualities are required to be possessed by them:
 Leaders have the responsibilities to communicate the policies and plans developed by
management to the employees so that they could work accordingly and give their efforts.
 In nursing schools, leader should always motivate and encourage staff members to learn
new techniques and methods to cure patients. They should also ensure support to be
provided to the members for adoption of change.
 Leaders play supervising as well as guiding roles. Guidance could be identified as
providing assistance to the team members while handling users effectively. They also
provide directions in which work would be carried out ensuring that everybody
cooperates with one another when working in teams.
A good leader always builds morale of the members and encourages them to learn new
things. However, he alone could not achieve quality service providence, efforts of team members
also plays significant role (Fougère and et.al., 2016). Management is required in the nursing
organisations so that work and services to the needy people could be provided in effective
manner. Positive work environment get build up when work is equally distributed among
employees and good relations are formed.
An effective leader is one who listens issues of every individual of the team and
accordingly take decisions without being biased. Strategies used by them directly impacts
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customer satisfaction. When quality services are provided to the users, they feel satisfied which
helps them to recover from diseases at faster pace. Confidence is also required to be build by
leaders among the employees so that they could have clear role identification for achievement of
tasks. They also help in building morale in order to ensure that people make use of their abilities
in the best possible way.
Health-care leadership programmes are organised with the intent of preparing and
managing health care services to the clients. Therefore, various skills are required for
maintaining team work considering standards of quality. They are also required to develop
abilities of problem solving.
Sustainable service delivery
Nowadays, health care organisations deal with sustainability issue in terms of
maintaining quality of services provided to the customers at affordable rates. It is basically
providing services to the customers in such a way that abilities to deliver in future does not get
compromised. It involves acquiring desired outcomes by using available resources keeping into
account that it is cost effective (Hamric and Hanson, 2013). System should be able to sustain
manpower within the care homes and respond accordingly with the demand of given scenario.
With the growth in population, costs for everything has increased. Technology
advancement is also one of the major consideration in increasing price. Thus, pressure is made
on health-care organisations to reduce costs of the services that is being provided to the patients.
With undertake different ways, leaders can achieve sustainable service delivery to provide proper
care to patients. Following ways assists to create effective results with obtain right behaviour and
support to exceptional customer services:
Build enough time to schedule activity: In respect to develop the effective results,
Dunphy, L. M. and et.al., (2015) examined that leaders required enough time to schedule
activities for undertake effective results at workplace. With the help of setting time on each
activity, people and process has been develops through they are able to serves effectively
(Dunphy and et.al., 2015). Leaders are performing very well to make positive interaction with
different guest. Hence, customer services has been develops in positive manner to create new
things. On the other hand, Anderson, (2015) said that exceptional services cannot easily
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recognise by leaders so that it require right behaviour to make efforts for doing right things
(Anderson, 2015).
Ensure that proper training implemented at workplace: However, Birks, Smithson and
Cant, (2016) argued that proper training assists to encourage people to work on health-care
system in effective manner. There are various reward has been implemented to employee for
great services at workplace (Birks, Smithson and Cant, 2016). Leaders are actively participates in
it to schedule activities. According to point of Wheeler, (2013), there is positive relationship also
need to be implemented among qualified people and their care users. This is because, it assists to
create high level of managerial performances and understanding among them (Wheeler, 2013).
Reinforce right behaviour with certain actions: Beside this, Kobleder, Mayer and Senn,
(2017) stated that leaders are also looked towards participation of different employee to work on
services guidelines. They are playing important role to actively participation of organisation
values and update service guidelines (Kobleder, Mayer and Senn, 2017). It creates massive
signal about the organisation for developing performances in successful aspect.
Theories of team building
Health care services to be effective and influencing requires teamwork. Everyone in the
organisation is needed to work together to achieve specific goal. Result of treatments offered to
the service users directly gets affected by the way in which it is applied. Chances of occurrence
of errors also reduces enhancing quality of outcomes. There are various factors that promotes
team building in health care.
Shared leadership: All the team members share leadership among their working rather
than having only one leader which will guide and assign roles and responsibilities to individuals
(Gray-Miceli, Mazzia and Crane, 2017). Person who is kept in-charge has adequate qualities to
tackle contradicting and conflicting situations. For example, cardiologist could take lead so that
assistance can be provided to the patients who have heart related problems. This leadership
involves planning of work by collective efforts of all the people involved into group. Work
coordination is thus achieved and everyone takes their own responsibility and if any issue raise
in the midst of treatments nobody blames each other.
Performance monitoring: Work performed in the health care organisation is monitored to
identify treatment and medications are provided correctly. Needs and requirements of the
individuals of the team are examined and support is provided as per the demand of situation.
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Trainings are also provided to one another so that necessary skills could be developed
(Alexandrou and et.al., 2014). Due to advancement in technology, various new techniques have
been developed that is needed to understood by everyone working in that field.
Closed Loop Communication: According to the research, maximum errors that occurs in
medical field is because of miscommunication in the work practices. Team work prevents
interaction problems. It prevents errors to occur again.
Shared Mental Model: While working within teams it is required to develop trusts among
the working individuals.
To achieve anything a systematic approach is required which ensures step by step
procedure to be followed. Team work proves to be a great way in getting things accomplished.
Group work makes people to work with one another where they get chance to learn something
new and apply this knowledge in their work (Woo and Robinson, 2015). Equal division of work
reduces stress level and pressure from individuals enhancing their work quality. Theory
associated with it comprises various procedures and behaviours of individuals. Some of the
theories are discussed below:
 Bruce Tuckman's Model
The theory was invented in the year 1965 which has been used by several organisations
in various cases for effective working procedures. It has four different stages. These are:
forming, storming, norming and performing. This theory is very efficient in team building. Forming : There is high dependency on leaders to have proper direction. Individuals who
do not have clear roles and responsibilities are needed to be assigned by leaders. He
should establish good relationship with employees so that effective team could be formed
in order to achieve desired goals and objectives. Storming: It is very difficult when work is accomplished in groups to come on single
point. Decision making is a challenging process. Every individual has different
perspective which becomes tough to handle to make them agreed on specific decision.
Here, clarity of goal enhances but uncertainties tends to remain intact. Team members are
required to cooperate with one another and personal issues should be kept aside as it
hinders into performance (Joel, 2013). Many times situations arise when some
compromises are also needed to be made to increase work efficiency.
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 Norming: While working within teams various agreements are formed between the
parties and team members. In this stage, everyone has specified roles and responsibilities
which are required to be furnished by them. Together they develop plan and strategies
which is shared among all the individuals. Performing: this is the final stage in which team has goals and strategies with clear
identification of what things are supposed to be done. Every individual makes equal
participation in acquiring shared objectives. Conflicts and disagreements arise among
members but now positive work environment has resolved all the issues and work is
performed accordingly. While conducting work risks also arise in handling various
projects, but effective team working helps in solving problems and dealing with all types
of risk factors.
 Belbin's Theory
According to theory, it is required for every team to possess certain roles so that effective
outputs could be achieved. Team work enhances working capabilities and enables individuals to
explore their potential for productive outcomes (Farrell, Payne and Heye, 2015). Some of the
roles are: Plant, resource investigator, coordinator, etc.
 Team analysis theory
Team once formed is needed to be analysed again to ensure effective working of it and
individual's working. Re-evaluation is done to examine things that went wrong and required
rectification.
 Strength Theory
It ensures continuously working on specific topic so that skills on the given subject could be
made strong.
Thereby, among all the above stated strategies one of it could be selected and apply in the
health care organisations and nursing homes so that employees work efficiently in order to
deliver quality services and support to the patients.
Transactional leadership theory of team building
This theory of leadership is based on making team building . The theory is totally
concentrated on management procedure for controlling, organising and planning . This theory
can be used by school nurses as it provides a way to motivate and direct the followers by
appealing their self interest. Transactional leaders have power to make their own formal
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authority and duty in the organisation. Use of this theory by school nurses will make the
followers to obey the direction of the leader. This theory of leadership is very effective for
school nurse as team leader make use of system of rewards and punishment. If a follower does
what the school nurse wants then reward will be given. If the follower does not do as per the
wants of school nurse then punishment would be given. In this theory the conversation between
leader and follower takes place to accomplish objectives of performance. The segments of
exchange are as follows : Contingent rewards: School nurse can link the objectives with rewards. This can be
done by clearly describing the expectations, giving required resources and giving
different kind of rewards upon successful completion of tasks. Active and passive management by exception: School nurses as transactional leaders can
actively supervise the work of their co workers. In passive management transactional
leaders can interfere only when regulations are not meeting.
Transformational theory of leadership
This theory supports in setting clear goals. This kind of leadership is found at all levels of the
organisation. This leadership style can be used by school nurses for inspiring he co-workers and
followers. These kind of leaders are charismatic and thoughtful. There are four segments in this
theory which are as follows: Inspirational motivation: This theory can be effective for school nurses as
transformational leadership is the publicity of pursuant imagination, mission, and a set of
beliefs to the members. Their imagination is so powerful that they know what they wish
from every interaction. Intellectual Stimulation : School nurses can motivate their followers in team to give
innovative ideas. They can try to get new ideas from the followers. Idealized influences: They consider the philosophy that a individual can impact
subordinates only when he exercises what he urges The school nurse act as role models
that followers desire to imitate.
 Individualized Consideration : School nurses can use this theory of lea' as in this this
theory leaders role is to act like mentor. The subordinates are treated distinctly as per to
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their endowments and knowledge. They are authorized to make judgements and are
always supplied with the required assistance to utilize their decisions. This theory of
leadership is very effective for school nurse as it supports in managing the team.
Barriers in leadership are as follows: Culture barrier : When working in the team a school nurse can face the barrier of
culture as every member in the team have some different culture and value which may
impact the leadership of school nurse. Cultural aspect can be a barrier in leadership of
school nurse. Social barriers : Social barriers like lack of transparency and differences in behaviour of
team members can effect leadership of school nurse.
 Organisation barrier: While leading team in school, leader nurse can face a barrier from
organisation like lack of support form school management.
Selective Strategy for effective leadership in teams
Organisations require leaders for efficiently conducting business operations. In nursing
schools, staff members are provided with roles and responsibilities at every level of hierarchy so
that work could be properly managed. Major task of the leadership is to provide working
directions to others. For this, it is required that leaders have common focus and they identify
their goals and objectives needed to be followed. For impelling working of leadership it is
required have following things into consideration. These are:
Focusing on yourself: Many times people are not stable and face emotional challenges
which affects their work and also causes medical errors in health care organisation which could
not be considered at any cost. Thus, it is very essential to know yourself and identify likely skills
and areas that requires improvements (Lin, 2013). However, in medical field, one cannot handle
errors and misinterpretation of any sort of information related to patient's health conditions.
Self awareness: One should never ignore inner voice as they are physiological signals
that require careful attention. If not given it could arise various issues distracting focus from the
work and have potential to affect patients while providing treatments to them.
Selective strategy involves taking into groups limited number of people so that work
could be properly managed. This as an advantage that it incorporates selection of the best
possible resources within the organisation to accomplish specific tasks. According to the
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Anderson, (2015), in context of medical field people who have specialization in particular field
are grouped together so that best available treatment could be provided to the users and get cured
as early as possible (Anderson, 2015). Many times people want to get treated by specific
specialist only which get benefited when groups are formed according to the skills of individuals.
It also provides opportunity to select from the available options to the clients. For
example, in a nursing home, there are various physicians available to help out the patients but it
is the choice of them that with whom they want medications.
Selective theory is very useful in school nursing as this theory focuses on contrasting
ideas and certain mental defence mechanisms. Selective strategy includes taking into groups
limited number of participants so that work could be properly managed. This as an benefit that it
integrates selection of the best possible resources within the organisation to accomplish specific
tasks. On the other hand it also gives chances to people to select from available options. As per
the views of Goleman, (2013) selective theory relies on assumption in which the individual
constantly seeks for information to a problem even after the person has taken posture on it. In
contrast to that separating people on the basis of their abilities could not improve workings of
the nursing homes, they do need trainings as well so that new learnings could be get.
According to the Chand, (2016), leaders and managers are required to establish an
environment which is efficient enough to incorporate skills posses by individuals. Everyone
should equal opportunity to enhance and develop abilities which could be utilized in serving
clients. It is the responsibility of leaders itself to encourage team members to use their
capabilities and potential for the betterment of people (Chand, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that in every organisation for effective
outcomes, team work is essential. It enhances an individual's capabilities and makes them learn
new learnings as well with other people involved into group. Leadership is one of the important
consideration that has gained importance over the years. It is required for proper working and
work management along with identification of potential of people for better outputs. Qualities
require for leadership should be shared among all the members of the team rather than by single
person.
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