Design and Analysis of Sea Wave Induced Energy Generator Report

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of a sea wave induced energy generator, focusing on the design and performance of a permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG). The study explores the potential of wave energy as a renewable source, addressing the increasing global demand for sustainable energy solutions. The report begins with an introduction to wave energy, its significance, and the objectives of the study. A thorough literature review provides background information on wave energy, PMLG design, and relevant wave equations. The methodology section details the principles of the PMLG, its development, and the selection of vector diagrams and circuits. Preliminary results, obtained through ANSYS/ANSOFT simulations, are presented, including the current, voltage, generated power, and force characteristics of the PMLG under varying wave conditions. The report concludes with a summary of findings, a discussion of the future scope of research, limitations of the current design, and recommendations for improvement, such as stimulating investment in innovation and improving cooperation and coordination in the field of renewable energy. Various figures and tables are included to illustrate the concepts, results, and parameters of the PMLG design, providing a detailed understanding of the generator's performance and potential.

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DESIGN ANALYSIS OF A SEA WAVE INDUCED ENERGY GENERATOR
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ABSTRACT
Currently, several technologies have been designed aimed at sustainably producing
energy. However, the mode of harnessing energy or storage is associated with a variety of
limitations. This has resulted in a technological gap which would have otherwise facilitated more
designs to advance the energy generation spectre. Research has highlighted a more advanced and
robust approach, utilizing a permanent magnet linear generator. Generation of electrical energy
from the oceanic wave is dependent on the behaviour of the ocean, as well as the dynamics of the
wave. This thesis has explored the design of a permanent magnet linear generator which is meant
for the conversion of wave energy to electrical energy. It has adopted a mathematical model
approach which helps in analysis of the PLMG performance with respect to the changes of the
ocean waves, as well as its output characteristics.
In terms of the various wave conditions; the current generated, generated power/voltage,
the applied force, as well as the magnetic flux linkage of the PMLG in reference to the sea wave
conditions, is represented. Simulation of the proposed PMLG has been enabled by the use of a
software package known as ANSYS/ANSOFT. The transient analysis, however, has been
achieved through variation of different factors with time. These factors include flux density, flux
lines, field intensity of the PLMG that has been suggested.

Design And Analysis Of Sea Wave Induced Energy Generator 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would begin by thanking my tutor for guiding me through the thesis project, even at times that
he was off duty. Your door was always open whenever I needed any assistance
Also, I would like to extend my gratitude to the librarian who allowed me to use the library
facilities as well as the research resources at any given time
My parents as well have helped me, encouraging me daily to keep steering above, their efforts
also cannot go unnoticed
Finally, I owe everything unto the almighty who has guided me through the project offering me
protection and guidance all through
Author

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................3
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................8
1.1 Aim.........................................................................................................................................9
1.2 Objectives...............................................................................................................................9
1.3 Background of the study........................................................................................................9
1.4 Significance of the study......................................................................................................10
2. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................11
2.1 Wave Energy........................................................................................................................12
2.2 Design of PMLG..................................................................................................................13
2.3 Wave Equation.....................................................................................................................14
2.4 Disadvantage of Wave energy.............................................................................................14
2.5 Potentiality...........................................................................................................................15
3. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................26
3.1 Principle of the PMLG.........................................................................................................26
3.2 Development of PMLG........................................................................................................26
3.3 Selection of vector diagram and circuit...............................................................................27
4. PRELIMINARY RESULTS......................................................................................................29
5. SUMMARY AND RESEARCH PLAN....................................................................................39
4.1 Future scope.........................................................................................................................39
4.2 Limitation.............................................................................................................................40
4.3 Recommendation.................................................................................................................41
4.3.1 Recommendation 1: Stimulation of investment in innovation......................................41
4.3.2 Recommendation 2: Improvement of cooperation and coordination............................42
4.3.3 Recommendation 3: Implementing technologies for risk assessment...........................43
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................45

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List of figures
Figure 1: Position of the translator for time. t1.............................................................................15
Figure 3: Vector Diagram..............................................................................................................16
Figure 4: resulting diagram of PMLG...........................................................................................17
Figure 5: PMLG construction........................................................................................................18
Figure 6: Position of Translator at Different Time........................................................................20
Figure 7: Pole Pitch of Stator and Translator................................................................................22
Figure 8: direction of various forces..............................................................................................22
Figure 9: Translator position in PMLG.........................................................................................26
Figure 10: Current and Voltage Waveforms.................................................................................28
Figure 11: PLMG Forces...............................................................................................................29
Figure 12: Induced Current, Voltage, And Flux Linkage..............................................................30
Figure 13: Generated Power.........................................................................................................30
Figure 14: Terminal Voltage for Different Loads.........................................................................31
Figure 15: Load Currents...............................................................................................................32
Figure 16: Generated Power..........................................................................................................33
Figure 17: Translator Position And Velocity.................................................................................33
Figure 18: Generated Voltage........................................................................................................34
Figure 19: Induced Voltage and Speed..........................................................................................34
Figure 20: Induced Voltage and current........................................................................................34
Figure 21: Terminal Voltage And Magnetic Flux Linkage...........................................................35
Figure 22: Terminal Current and Voltage.....................................................................................36
Figure 23: PLMG Forces...............................................................................................................36
Figure 24: Applied Power and Force.............................................................................................37

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List of tables
Table 1: Obtained PMLG Values of fig 15...................................................................................31
Table 2: Obtained PMLG Values of fig 16...................................................................................32
Table 3: PLMG dimensions...........................................................................................................37
Table 4: PLMG parameters...........................................................................................................38

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Wave energy is also known as ocean wave energy that is considered as best source of
renewable energy by utilising the potential of the waves to produce electricity. It is an oscillating
low-frequency source that has the potential to convert 60 HZ frequency into electricity through
placing equipment on the ocean. The purpose of the study is to analyse the design of a sea wave
induced generator that helps in understanding a legitimate way to produce electricity with the
help of ocean wave energy. In order to explore wide aspects of ocean waves energy, a linear
generator has been used those facilitates in seeking the full potential of sea wave positively. The
report sheds light on the working principle of induced generate to produce electricity so that a
positive change can be amending positively (Akpınar & Kömürcü., 2013).
1.1 Aim
The aim of this report is to examine the design of a sea wave induced generator to
generate large amount of electricity along with its working principles.
1.2 Objectives
 To examine the design of a sea wave induce generator so that maximum potential energy can
be generated
 To analysis current issues and challenges liner generator
 To understand the limitations of a sea wave induced energy generator
 To recommend the most effective and reliable way to generate a large amount of electricity
positively

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1.3 Background of the study
The design of sea wave induced generator has been using to assure that maximum
electricity can be produced by placing generators on the surface of the ocean. It is mostly used in
desalination plants, water pump and power plants. The output energy can be determined through
wave speed, wave height and wave density. In Australia, wave Atlas is one of the major projects
that can be accessible by the public so that all associated stakeholders can be benefited that
embraces project developer, regulator and investors. It contributes up to 11% of Australia energy
that is more than enough to power the city of Melbourne by 2050 (Alberdi et al., 2012).
The Australian we energy Atlas has bled by CSIRO Atmospheres and oceans that provide
a 4D interactive wave of the greater Australia a coastal area relative to a coastal area. In addition,
there are several waves of power devices such as shoreline devices, near shore devices and
offshore devices. It is renewables source of energy that facilitates in creating less impact on the
environment by continually providing the source of energy effectively. The advantage of using
wave energy is that it reduces dependency on fossil fuel that upsurges its reliability and
suitability (Altomare et al., 2015). On the contrary, the major disadvantage of the wave energy is
high power distribution costs to send the generated power through using offshore devices. An
average 10-second and 4 foot wave striking ocean generates more than 3500 horsepower per
mile of the coast. In this report, a linear generator has been used that facilitates in extracting
maximum power of ocean wave energy without creating any adverse effect on the environment.
The permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG) is one of the effective designs for generating
maximum electric power (Antonio., 2010).
The translator moves vertically with an incident wave that is upward and downward by
using permanent magnet This PMLG model of sea wave induced wave generator help in

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converting maximum potential electricity without creating an adverse effect on the environment.
One of the major challenges in this model of design is the utilization of high power magnet that
has been encounter through aligning a range of magnet in a sequence to make sure maximum
potential energy can be produced positively (Astariz & Iglesias., 2015).
1.4 Significance of the study
The report has enlightened the major role and responsibility of ocean wave energy in
generating electricity, which is a renewable source of energy that helps in producing supplying
continuous supply of electricity. This report supports several energy producing organizations to
change its approach to induced energy generator so that maximum power or energy can be
extracted. The main advantage of wave energy is that the source is not limited and producing
electricity from the wave energy in environmentally safe and does not create any pollution.

Design And Analysis Of Sea Wave Induced Energy Generator 10
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In present days our world is facing two big challenges one is a shortage of energy due to
an increase in global population and another one is pollution. These two are threatening the
world and two major concerns in our world. Day by day increase in the global population
increasing the power demand and to sustain exponential growth of any civilization power
demand has to be met. Due to the increase of power demand governments, countries trying to
produce as much energy to meet the increasing demand (Titah-Benbouzid and Benbouzid, 2014).
The main source of energy produced globally is fossil fuel. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy
source and combustion of fossil fuel produces different harmful gases like Carbon dioxide,
Carbon Monoxide, Methane etc. Due to excess release of these harmful gases in the environment
the pollution has been increased the level day by day. As the source of fossil fuel is also limited
in our environment it cannot fulfil the demand of energy in upcoming days (Gonçalves and
Martinho, 2014). So it has become a major concern for our scientists and they are trying to
produce energy from renewable sources. Our planet, our home is covered by 75% of water and
the main sources are oceans and seas (Beirao & Malça., 2014).
The wave and the current in the oceans are created by the wind possess huge energy
power. Improvement in technology has enabled our scientist and engineers to generate electricity
from the wave. Electricity is produced from ocean energy. It is one of the largest sources of
renewable energy source globally. The main advantage of wave energy is that the source is not
limited and producing electricity from the wave energy in environmentally safe and does not
create any pollution (Soares et al., 2014). Many countries are trying to develop new technologies
to create more electricity from wave energy and many are showing interest to develop. Wave

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power is capturing of wind waves for producing electricity to do work and the energy is
converted by a complex machine called wave energy converter (Bento et al., 2014).
Waves are created by many factors wind, temperature, salinity and humidity etc. World
first commercial power device, Wave Power Device the Islay LIMPET is installed in the year
2000 on the coast of Islay in Scotland. The first experimental multi-generator wave farm The
Agucadoura Wave Park is opened in Portugal in 2008 (Parkinson et al., 2015). Wind passing the
surface of the oceans and seas create the wave. The energy is transferred from the wind to the
wave which is then sued to generate electricity. Increase in shear stress causes the growth of the
waves. Wave height depends on various factors the wind speed, the duration of wind, depth and
topography of the seafloor. Larger waves and powerful waves create more energy which
eventually creates more electricity (Bracco et al., 2011).
The first patented use of wave energy is by Girard in 1799 on Paris. An early application
of wave power device is created by Bochaux-Praceique. Modern pursuit of wave energy device
has been created by Yoshio Masuda. The more advanced model has been produced by Stephen
Salter known as Salter's duck in 1974. In 2003 the European Marine Energy Centre is established
in Scotland to develop, research new ideas technology regarding wave energy. When a group of
wave devices are installed is called wave farms. To meet the increasing energy demand this wave
farms are installed. The aim of these wave farms is to get high power production in a limited area
(Cappelli et al., 2013).
2.1 Wave Energy
Wave Power farm Bombora wave power in Perth, Australia creating mWave flexible
wave converter, developing new innovative technologies to produce electricity. Ocean Power
Technologies is creating a 19mW project in Portland, Australia (Bento et al., 2014). CETO Wave

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firm is a very large wave farm in Western Australia started operation in 2015. Oceanlinx has
created a wave firm in Port Macdonnel. Not only in Australia but throughout the world many
countries are showing interest in installing wave farm. In Kanohe Bay Oahu Hawaii USA has
started a wave farm project. In Reedsport, Oregon USA a wave farm of 1.5 mW has been
installed. Islay LIPMET has been installed in Australia and connected to the national grid (Chen
et al., 2016).
2.2 Design of PMLG
PMLG can be described as a linear generator that consists of two parts such as translator
and stator. The parameters of the generator are selected in order to achieve maximum energy
output from ocean wave forces. The poles are indicated with the red and green colour that
determines the North and South Pole of the magnet linear generator. The position of poles in
translator is changed according to a specific time interval (Soltanmohamadi and Lakzian, 2016).
It has been identified that the movement of both the translator and stator are determined by the
forces of the ocean wave. It has been stated that translator of PMLG is mounted to a hollow
cylinder. The electrical wave energy has been produced when the movement of a translator is in
a linear direction. The linear direction movement is mainly occurred by the motion of the floater.
The stator is consisted of some copper coil (Chen et al., 2016).
These coils are rounded in both sides of the translator. The hollow cylinder has been
referred to a floater. On the other side, the stator is generally mounted to the mechanical parts of
PMLG. Floaters are used in order to utilise the ocean wave for energy transformations at a single
point (Samrat and Ahmad, Choudhury, 2014). This addition polarity is induced in order to
achieve maximum output voltage. The circuit diagram of the linear generator has been selected
for three-phase load. The resistance and inductances of the individual phase have been