This assignment solution addresses secure programming concepts in C, tackling five key questions. The first question identifies and rectifies errors in a provided code snippet, focusing on buffer overflows and memory allocation issues. The second question explores memory allocation and vulnerability to stack overflow attacks. The third question analyzes integer overflows and segmentation faults. The fourth question delves into format string vulnerabilities and attempts to exploit them. Finally, the fifth question examines the principles of least privilege and TOCTOU (Time of Check to Time of Use) race conditions, including a code example demonstrating a buffer overflow vulnerability. The solution provides detailed explanations and code modifications to ensure secure programming practices.