New Security Governance Approaches in the Middle East and North Africa

This essay examines new security governance approaches to inter and intra-state armed conflicts and instability in the Middle East and North Africa in the 21st century, using Iran and Saudi Arabia as case studies for the Middle East and Libya for North Africa. It highlights the significance of critical governing mechanisms applicable to common zones facing identical issues, resulting in minimal effective interaction levels. The essay discusses hybrid security, where state security forces coexist with armed non-state actors, and the impact of such approaches on political landscapes. It also addresses the role of indigenous civil society actors in North Africa in alleviating the human costs of conflicts and driving political solutions. Furthermore, the essay touches on strategies employed by regional leaders, such as coup-proofing regimes through dedicated intelligence services and political delegation, to counteract instability and conflict risks.

Essay

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
The search for new security governance approaches to inter and intra-state armed conflicts and
instability in the Middle East and North Africa for the 21st Century use Iran and Saudi as case
study on Middle East and lybia for North Africa ...........................................................................1

The search for new security governance approaches to inter and intra-state
armed conflicts and instability in the Middle East and North Africa for the
21st Century use Iran and Saudi as case study on Middle East and lybia
for North Africa .
New security governance approaches engage critical governing mechanisms as well as
applicable to common zone that are characteristics through multitude of actors that faces
identical issues at the time of operating autonomously resulting to engendering minimal effective
interaction level. Management of present’s uncertain addition to volatile global security
environment has become as significant together with complicated challenge.
In 21st century, Middle East along with North Africa remained at centre of global instability
and conflict concerns. Variant of factors explain region’s seemingly chronic instability as well as
persistent susceptibility to armed conflict, for instance, governance failure in most Arab nations,
including Iran and Saudi, the still unfolding outcome of 2003 invasion of Iraq through US-led
coalition addition to complex relations as well as rivalries between regional powers.
Hybrid security from arms transfers to nations in Middle East is one of new security
governance approaches to inter and intra-state armed conflicts and instability that illustrate
significance of military potential to manage conflicts within and outside the state. In the new
security approach of governance, state security forces coexist with armed non state actors that
includes stark variation among who bears arms and banner. With hybrid security, non-state
actors in Middle East are more prone to become more firmly embedded as states recede for
enhancing symbolic roles.
Hybrid security governance approach yields pockmarked political landscape that stark
variation among people that bears arms in distinct location as well as under authority. For
instance, the conflicts in Middle East countries, including, Iraq, Yemen, Saudi and so on have
costs hundreds of thousands of lives together with unquantifiable damage to population as well
as infrastructure alike. In this, application of approach of hybrid security, tried to retain
countervailing forces along with special operations for protecting regime and controlling use of
violence. The outcome of hybrid security order in which armies and police of inter as well as
intra state collaborate tacitly with tribal forces, village guards, warlords addition to militias in
provision of security. Furthermore, to counteract on instability and conflict risks, various arm
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leaders tried coup-proof in the regimes in Middle East. For instance, governance of Iran
established dedicated intelligence services for the purpose of monitoring the army inter and intra
states, selecting commanding officers as per political loyalty despite of set of skills, delegated
political together with economic benefits for ensuring obedience and resolution of conflicts
within and outside states.
In case with North Africa, new security governance approaches to inter and intra-state
armed conflicts and instability is engaging Indigenous Civil Society Actors. The actors of civil
society persist documentation of decades of violations ensures preservation of memory and
history. And while regional actors’ fuels conflict as well as authoritarianism in country, like
Libya, the new security governance approach plays significant role in alleviating costs of human
of those conflicts. The policy advice of indigenous actors that comprise of civil society is a
solution that drive political solution along with inter and intra state armed conflicts.
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