University Study: Sedentary Lifestyle and Teenager Health Risks

This report investigates the impact of sedentary lifestyles on teenagers' health, focusing on the methodology, literature review, and alternative research methods. The report outlines the research question using the PICO structure and justifies the database selection. It details the search terms, application of CASP principles, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The analysis includes a seven-step model to interpret data and assess the quality of included studies. The report also addresses interventions for overweight patients and the implications of sedentary behavior, providing a comprehensive overview of the topic. The report uses a literature review approach to explore the effects of sedentary lifestyles on teenagers, analyzing factors leading to increased obesity and health issues. It emphasizes the importance of a proper methodology for selecting relevant research papers and journals, and discusses the use of both theoretical and data-driven literature reviews. The study also includes a breakdown of database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and implications for overweight patients, all contributing to a detailed understanding of the subject. The report concludes with a discussion on the quality of research and potential interventions.

1. Methodology
Why should research be conducted?
It is necessary to determine influence of sedentary lifestyle on teenagers. This is
because it will give an insight on factors due which obesity in increasing among them.
moreover, by following a proper methodology it will be easy to select papers, journals, etc.
however, this will make it simple for researcher to understand what papers should be selected
and not. As topic is very broad it is difficult to gather precise data. thus, it is necessary to
define and use methods to conduct study.
2. Literature Review: Why has this method been selected?
A critical literature review means to evaluate theoretical data from different
sources and analysing it. through this, secondary data is collected with substantive
findings. The data is collected by reviewing journals, articles, etc. so, by critically
accessing information, data is collected. It helps in giving overview about research
conducted by authors and what are their views regarding it. the views can be either
against or in favour. In most cases literature review is theory driven. In this facts and
figures are also included which helps in comparing topic on different factors or
elements. It is easy to understand theoretical driven literature review as it is expanded
in broad way. moreover, everything is covered in it which throws highlight on subject.
Furthermore, doing secondary research is easier than analysing data driven study.
However, it requires researcher to have strong and effective analytical skills to
conduct data driven review. Sometimes, it requires several tools to analyse data and
this makes it difficult for researcher to interpret it. in theoretical review some facts
and figures can also be included. It can show relationship between theory and data.
But on contrary in data driven review there are numbers which is not understood by
other people. hence, many authors prefer to do theoretical review.

In present study, a straightforward literature is carried out in order to access
influence of obesity in adults. It will be helpful in exploring topic and evaluating
factors which has resulted in increase in disease. This approach is taken as it will be
easy and simple to analyse adoption of sedentary lifestyle. besides this, selection of
this approach will be useful in focusing on relevant areas and improving quality of
data. Alongside it, carrying straightforward review will save cost as well time for
researcher. therefore, it will enable in completing study on time. However, some facts
and figures can be taken to develop relationship between overweight children and
impact on their growth. This approach is taken to make study more precise. it will
assist in determining factors that influence teens and what problems are been faced by
them in further growth and development.
3. Alternative methods:
Data driven study could have been conducted. This is because it would focus
more on facts and figures rather than theory. Moreover, with this data gathered would
more quantitative resulting in gaining depth knowledge about topic. In this another
option that can be taken into consideration is empirical research. It would be easy to
emphasise on actual number rather than theories.
4. Search for Literature:
In order to form research question PICO structure was followed. by using this, it was
easy to develop appropriate questions.
5. Table 1: PICO breakdown:
Population Teenagers between age of 10-18 were
taken
Intervention Health diseases

Control None
Outcome Interventions in treating teenagers
with health issues can result in risk of
heart attack, diabetes, etc.
6. Table 2: Justification for Database selection:
Web of science There are many databases included in it
which is related to different.
AMED In this database there are different journals
and articles stored related to obesity,
lifestyle, etc.
EBSCO It provides a range of articles, books, etc.
related to medicine.
JSTOR It consists of range of E books, research
papers, etc.
7. Search Terms:
The CASP principles was applied to gather quality data from previous journals
and articles. The first principle applied was searching articles with using terms
related to related to obesity, teenagers and overweight, sedentary lifestyle was taken
and rest was eliminated. it helped in making it easy to restrict search area. It was
beneficial in searching good articles. Another principle applied was use of Boolean
operator. Here, AND, OR and NOT operators were used. Here, AND was used to
narrow search. Only relevant articles related to search terms was selected. It was
useful in selecting authentic papers. Moreover, just by inserting AND operator search
results only showed term pre defined above. Apart from it, AND operator was used to
specify time frame as well. By applying it, research papers between 2012 and 2018
were taken. Therefore, this made it more specific in restricting time frame. Thus, by
applying principles of CASP precise and accurate articles were selected. This was
useful in studying those and maintaining quality of data.

8. Table 3: Synonyms for search terms:
Teenager Obesity Influence Sedentary
Adolescent Overweight Impact Inactive
Youngsters Weighty Affect
9. Table 4: Database search breakdown:
Database Date
searched
Articles
returned
Duplications Articles
selected
Articles
included
Web of
science
25/12/2018 40 25 5 3
AMED 20/12/2018 35 12 8 2
EBSCO 23/12/2018 29 10 6 1
JSTOR 28/12/2018 44 8 7 2
Total 148 55 26 8
10. Inclusion and Exclusion criteria:
In order to conduct secondary research inclusion criteria was followed. in this first of
all only those articles and journals were taken which was based on obesity and sedentary
lifestyle in children. this was done to ensure that only relevant data is collected for study.
The articles were selected on the basis of its title and abstract. This made it easy and
simple to eliminate unnecessary one. Second inclusion criteria followed was particular
year were identified to make it more accurate in selection of research papers. Only those
were taken which was studied in between 2012- 2018. Moreover, this was done to gather
latest data regarding obesity in teenagers. Thus, establishing time limit was beneficial in
eliminating old data. through this, new theories could have been generated. Thirdly at
last, the journals were selected which was carried out in UK. It enabled in limiting the
area and choosing articles which contained data of UK. This was done because population
plays a crucial role in finding outcomes. For example, sedentary lifestyle in US is
completely different from UK. Therefore, study must focus on teenagers of UK. Also, it
was useful in comparing data of different authors in UK.
11. Table 5: Inclusion criteria:

Inclusion Justification
English language The papers written in only English have been taken. It is
because there might occur some error in translating other
language in English which may affect results.
Articles written
between 2012-2018
It was the timeframe set to gather recent data. this made it
easy in selecting proper studies and conducting research in
systematic way.
Primary research Only articles were selected that was carried out in collecting
primary data and information.
Studies that do not
include any search
items
In this only those papers were selected that was having
search items. Due to this it was easy to collect data.
12. Table 6: Exclusion criteria:
Exclusion Justification
No other
language
studies
No other studies were selected that was written in some other
language. This was because it could have affected results.
No studies
before 2012
in this no articles written before 2012 were selected.
Adult based
studies
As topic focus only on teenager between age 10-18, no studies
were taken based on adults.
13. Let me know what our results are P20-21 Interesting research but what is the
quality?
Quality of included studies
It is very important to analyse data and information in appropriate way so that
precise outcomes are obtained. besides this, analysing data is crucial as overall study

results are based on it. so, in order to interpret data a seven step model will be used. It
will be easy and simple to use this model. It contains three stages through which data
is interpreted. They are exploring, interpreting and communicating. From each stage
results generated will be helpful in attaining aims and objectives of research. The
exploring stage will be applied in finding theories, beliefs, etc. generated from it. this
will enable in understanding background of research. Then, interpreting stage will be
applied to analyse data. it will produce relevant results and statistics. At last outcomes
will be communicated by including recommendations in it. this will show how
physical practices must be followed by teenagers. Hence, by applying seven step
model in analysis it factors that influence adoption of sedentary lifestyle in teenagers
will be identified.
14. You mention CASP and need to apply its principles to the research. How good or
bad is the research@ Implications more focused.
By using CASP principles it was easy to study articles and books and gather quality
data and information. Also, it took less time and cost to search journals and evaluate data
from it. through it, research was conducted in systematic way by eliminating certain factors.
the overall study was good and data gathered was of high quality.
15. What would you do faced with an over weight patient.
 There are several problems which is faced with overweight teens. First is due
to change in their behaviour it is difficult to engage them in social activity.
Moreover, lack of self esteem impacts on their health. thus, to improve it lot of
efforts are required.
 The patient may have difficulty in walking due to joints problem. So, in this
case data can not be collected. Also, it might influence their mind thus
resulting in mental health issues. It will effect on programs related to

promoting health in weak section of society. This will divert minds of
teenagers and their parents.
16. There are a number of levels of interventions so be more explicit.
1- Another intervention it is difficult to analyse whether overweight is due to transfer
of genetics or adopting sedentary lifestyle in teens. It may vary according to
children health and growth. in addition, researcher may not be able to measure
impact of sedentary lifestyle on teens whether it is positive or negative.
2- It may create a negative impact on other society or teens resulting in
discrimination. This will influence their behaviour towards overweight children.
Hence, researcher should divide population and then target specific area or
society. This will be beneficial in maintaining dignity and respect within society.
3- The outcomes of study will impact on mind of teenager who are not overweight.
This will restrict them to eat heathy food to improve their health. however, it will
impact on another section of society.