Analysis and Design of Seismic Retrofitting for Nepal Adobe Buildings

This technical report focuses on the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of existing low-strength adobe masonry buildings in Nepal. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges posed by earthquakes and the specific building typologies found in Nepal, including adobe, stone masonry, and fired brick structures. The report delves into the causes of earthquakes, including tectonic plate movements and fault lines, and the resulting ground shaking, landslides, and soil liquefaction. The main purpose is to provide a methodology for seismic evaluation and retrofitting, with a focus on reducing building vulnerability and minimizing casualties. It covers various techniques, including the use of horizontal bands like gable-wall bands, and vertical reinforcement such as post-tensioning, welded wire mesh reinforcement, and single-vertical reinforcement, as well as shear connectors. The report also discusses the importance of diaphragm strengthening and encasing belts around openings to enhance seismic performance. The objective is to offer practical guidelines for professionals involved in retrofitting designs, ultimately aiming to make buildings earthquake-resistant and safeguard the residents of Nepal.