Teleoperation of Service Robots: Design, Benefits, and Future

This report delves into the teleoperation of service robots, examining their design, benefits, and associated risks. It begins with an introduction to service robots and teleoperation, highlighting their role in reducing human effort and increasing productivity across various environments. The report then explores background research, discussing the evolution of robotics and the emergence of service robots. It presents a proposed design for service robots, emphasizing the importance of software engineering and key features like environment, robot movements, and user interface. The report also covers modifications in technology, such as shape-shifting robots and cloud robotics, and outlines the benefits of service robots, including increased productivity, reduced costs, and improved safety. Risks associated with service robots are also discussed. The report concludes with a look at the future of service robots, emphasizing their potential for continued development and application across various sectors.

Running Head: - TELEOPERATION OF SERVICE ROBOTS
TELEOPERATION OF SERVICE ROBOTS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1TELEOPERATION OF SERVICE ROBOTS
Executive Summary
The service robot as defined by the international federation of robotics states service robots
are semi or fully automatic devices that reduces the human efforts. The service robots are
classified in the basis of its application. The teleoperation of the service robots helps in
operating the robots from remote areas. With the teleoperation, human workload is reduced.
Service robots in today’s generation is the reason behind increase productivity. The service
robot can be operated in the all the environment. Nowadays the service robots are mainly
focussing on area, which are human user centred. Service robots helps in all the process
related to different fields excluding the manufacturing process. Service robots offers both
benefits and risks. However, service robots reduces human efforts and work can be done at a
much faster rate.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Service Robots...........................................................................................................................3
Background Research.................................................................................................................4
Proposed Design.........................................................................................................................5
Modification of the Technology Related to Service Robots......................................................6
Benefits of the Service Robots...................................................................................................7
Risk Related to Service Robots..................................................................................................8
Maintenance of the Service Robots............................................................................................9
Future of Service Robots............................................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The report discusses about teleoperation of the service robots. The teleoperator
devices helps the human operators in performing certain mechanical activities remotely that
are usually accomplished by the human arms. Telerobots are the robots that can be operated
from distance [20]. The teleoperators allows the human operator to operate the radioactive
material from a room, which is separated by one-meter thick wall. The teleoperation system
is usually based on the master slave system. The device, which plays the role of the master, is
controlled with the help of operator and the device that acts as slave is place remotely [17].
Mobile robots are a type of teleoperation system as it can have accessed and controlled
remotely and performs certain specific tasks. The major areas where teleoperations can be
applied are related to the space exploration, underwater vehicles, landmine detection and to
the domestic environment. Number of devices are present to control the remote system.
Devices likes mouse, depth camera and many touch screen devices are present that helps in
the controlling the remote devices [16]. The report discusses about the service robots and the
ways in which it can be used. The report highlights about the service robots, research related
to it, different types of technologies that can be used for the modification of the service
robots, the design that is adapted for its operation, the benefits and risks associated with the
service robots and the feedback related to the introduction of the service robots.
Service Robots
The engineering research is based on the information system, which mainly focuses
on the demand of the users. The advancement is seen mostly in the field of technologies
related to the mobile and sensors. The information technology is also combined with the real
life things such as the internet of things. The combination of information technology gives
rise to digital physical based information systems [13]. One of the development of the digital

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physical system is the service robots. Service robots is a type of technical device, which helps
in performing tasks that is useful for the human beings. The service robots are either semi or
fully automatic. The area of application and the relation with the end users are the two
aspects of difference between service and industrial robots. The service robots can be
operated in an environment, which is human centred. For example, it can be seen that a
service robots used for cleaning floors requires automatic navigation through the floors in the
building. The service robots need to operate on a real time based environment, as it will be
facing different type’s obstacles on its way [10]. The categorization of the robots into
industrial and service robots is done based on its applications. The service robots need to
overcome all the obstacles and situation. Service robots are employed in different industrial
settings. The service robots that can help in domestic work are still in development [15].
Background Research
Robots technology is developing in all the regions. The robots were first used for
industrial purpose as a mean of automation [14]. With the help of automation, it is ensured
that all the processes are conducted in a more reliable way. It was in the year 1999 that the
International Federation of Robotics and the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe introduced service robots into the statistical reports. Until 2012, service robots were
not popular and was not used for official use the structure and the representation was
completely different [22]. The other advantages related to the robots used in industrial place
is related with the increased productivity, reduction in the expense and helps in reducing the
dangerous risks. In the automotive sector, it is observed that the robots have served as a
driver in increasing the productivity and earnings of the organization [11]. Robots are the
emerging technologies. Robots are not only bound to the industrial context but are able to
operate in the difficult environment. Service robots’ development is increasing with the
demand of the service robots in the field of service sector. The cooperation that takes place

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between the humans and robots helps in the development of the semi-automatic services. The
service robots are classified into different categories. However, the actions of the service
robots are determined with the help of the external situated sensors. According to the
International Federation of Robots a service robot is a type of robot which is either semi or
fully automatic and perform services that is useful for the betterment of humans and the
equipment, excluding all the manufacturing related operations [8]. Machines have been an
important part of human life for a long time. Robot technology is a new invention in the field
of technology.
Proposed Design
Image: Design related to service robots [23]
The architecture and design of the service robots is based upon the software engineering. The
software engineering is used for the maintenance of the robots. The architecture used for the
service robots is based upon the knowledge of domain engineering. The key features are
identified based on domain knowledge. The three key features are the environment, the
robots movements and a user graphic interface. The interaction of the robots with human
makes the structure more complex. An encapsulated layer is present in the robot surface,

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which is used as a sensor network [24]. The users request the service from the PEIS
middleware. The architecture comprises of the PEIS-ROS interface, which helps in the
mapping of the implemented robotic skills. The architecture and design used for the service
robot is based on the AAL architecture. The AAL architecture helps in achieving the target
robotic service. The three different social, economic and technical are not dependent on each
other [6]. The proposed designed of the service robots is mainly based on the software
engineering technique. The main technology that need to be modified are cognition,
manipulation and interaction. Service robots will serve as the next platform with increase
productivity. The design of the service robot is proposed in such a way that the robot is
flexible and operated from remote.
Modification of the Technology Related to Service Robots
The modification in the field of the robotics development cannot be denied in both the
professional and personal fields. With the rapid rate of development, the design of the robots
is modified. Recently researchers are doing research in adapting new methods and
technologies to improve the service robots. The first modification is related to the adaption of
shape shifting robots. The second modification is the making of the environment that will be
more user friendly for the robots so that it can work more efficiently [21]. Shape shifting
robots works on the principle of electromechanical machines comprising of variable degrees
of morphology. The shape shifting robots are capable of doing work at a much faster rate.
The degree of robustness and modularity offered by the shape shifting robots is greater. The
shape shifting robots are more efficient compared to the traditionally design robots. The
modification of the robots to shape shifting robots will open opportunities for wide range of
new applications related to the robots. Modification is also required in the environment of the
workplace were the robots are used to increase the productivity. Certain principles need to
put forward in order to improve the technology of the service robots [18]. Cloud robotics

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helps in classification of the speech and other information related to the systems. There are
certain designs that helps in improving the industrial efficiency. There are certain problems,
which are related to the design, which need modification. Robots are changing the business
process as it is implemented in the work process of the business organization. The job
survival decreases in the generation of the robots and artificial intelligent machines.
Benefits of the Service Robots
The development in the field of robotics has made robots user friendly, intelligent and
affordable. The benefits provided by the robots is the reason that it is used in every fields.
The opportunities offered by the robots has increased its flexibility and made it capable to
perform different tasks and applications. The work performed by the robots are more precise
than the human work performed by humans [1]. Robots also helps in increased productivity
and increases the profit as they are capable to complete the task at a much a faster rate.
Robots are capable to perform without any break and make less mistakes compared to
humans. Robots also helps in eliminating the danger jobs for humans, as they are capable of
working in dangerous environment. Robots hands are able to reach places where human hand
cannot reach and thus the work done by the robots is more accurate. The use of the robots in
the companies will reduce the cost of the labours. It will also increase the productivity of the
company. The human labour cost increases on a daily basis, however if a company once buy
a team of robots all the work can be done more efficiently only the expense is done for its
maintenance [4]. Robots performs task at a much faster rate, more accurately and with
minimum error. Robots provides improved quality of service with less frustration. With the
help of robots, the customer is happier as the service provided by the robots are faster and
improved in quality. Robots are able to perform complex tasks. The automation of the robots
cuts the overall cost of the organization. The service robots are categorized based on its
application in different sectors. The benefit provided by the robots reduces the overall human

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efforts and increases the productivity. The teleoperation of the service robots helps in
controlling and monitoring the robots from remote places. The places where human were
unable to reach is now easily approachable with the help of teleoperation of the service robots
[7]. Safety is one of the advantage of the robots. Employees who work at dangerous place are
saved with the help of service robots. Robots are capable of working continuously they are
capable of working without any break. They do not ask for vacations and leave like humans
and improves the production in the field it is implemented. Robots are productive in nature.
With the help of robots, the unpleasant physical and mechanical situation can be improved.
Robotics is beneficial for the people working in an unhealthy environment. Thee challenge
lies in combining the human effort with the robot activities. Robots are cost effective and
provides quality products. With the help of the robots, the risks are eliminated. The robots
help in making sense of the repetitive tasks doing it in a much efficient way.
Risk Related to Service Robots
With the development in the field of robotics, the robots offer different benefits. At
the same time, number of risks are associated with the use of service robots. The use of
robots comprises of both the positive and negative impacts. With the introduction of the
robots, the human workers are replaced causing job loss [2]. The malfunctioning of the
robots can cause severe damages to both the residential and industrial settings. The
malfunctioning of the robots can even cause severe injurious to the humans and even lead to
death of human. The robots operating in the front desk lacks the power of communication
compared to the human skills. With the use of the robots it becomes easier for the hackers to
hack, the related system as the robots is based on machines. It is easy to attack the
teleoperated robots as it completely based on the machines. The risk is also related with the
operation system. The service robots need proper maintenance in order to avoid the damages
that can be caused due to the malfunction of the robots [3]. The risk is related to the hacking

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of the information related to the system. One of the major disadvantages of the service robots
it impacts the jobs. Workers are replaced with the robotic technology. The initial cost of
instalment of the robot is high. All the expense related to the maintenance and the defect is
considered. Skilled staffs are required with the implementation of the robots in the system.
The set up process requires skilled workers so that the robotic technology can be
implemented properly.
Maintenance of the Service Robots
The robots need to be maintained in order to avoid the malfunctioning of the robot.
People are not accustomed with the use of robots and they require knowledge in order to
interact with the robots. The interaction between the machine and human increases in the
industry. The robots create a motivational impact upon the managers and the workers
associated with the industries. The operation of the robots in different fields like in logistics,
inspection and maintenance requires special treatment. There is a need to develop a more
safety framework for the maintenance of the robots. The important strategies related to the
maintenance of the robots are related to the technology, regulation and the experience
achieved by the users. The European methods and strategies are used for the improvement,
safety and maintenance of the service robots. The methods used for the safety of the service
robots need to be more updated and standard.
Future of Service Robots
It cannot be denied that robotic technology will change the ways the things are done
in the sectors were it will be implemented. Entrepreneurs are looking forward to implement
the robotics technology in their daily work process [9]. Robotics is mostly capturing the
sectors related to the military, hospitals, packaging and inspections. In the near future, the
entire medical sector will be equipped with the robotic technology. The others sectors were

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robotics would be introduced are the sectors related to the military, defence and education. It
is clear that more development will be taken place in the field of robotics in the next 5-10
years [19]. The world had acknowledged changes and development in the field of PC and
mobile, however the world is now going to see development in the field of robotics. In the
near future human work will be replaced with the use of robotics technology [12]. Robotics is
entering the industry at a much faster rate. Robotics is opening lots of scope for the
industries. It is expected that in the next few years the man-made machine will find its way
along human life. With the growth of the technology at a rapid rate, tremendous growth will
be observed in the global market. The automation of the robots is one of the major
development in the field of automation. Demand for the service robots will be increased in
the next three years. The future of the robotics lies within the autonomous communication. In
the future, the robots are going to play a bigger role. The application related to the service
robots is an emerging technology. The technology is mostly centred with human
technologies. The development of the technology effects the employment rate either directly
or indirectly. The change increases the creativity of the human.
Conclusion
The robots are designed in such a way that they are able to perform complex task. The
robots are developed from industrial use to service context. The service robots are used in
different applications areas. With the help of the medical robots, it becomes easy to assist the
medical supervisors in the medical surgeries [6]. Service robots are also used for the purpose
of transportation, for support logistics and helps in maintenance of the various industrial
facilities and plants. The use of service robots in different sectors helps in achieving the
efficiency, reliability and quality of the service. The robots can be used in carrying out
repetitive tasks within a short duration. The risk to human health and safety is reduced.
Robots performs jobs that the humans are unwilling to perform. There are certain

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disadvantages of the service robots as it is not flexible like human beings and the threat of
dehumanization arises in situation where the human feel is priceless. The main cost is related
to the maintenance and repair of the service robots. It is observed that the service robots are
trying to find its way in an environment centred with human, but the progress is not updated.
The researchers are only capable of considering different implications such as economic,
social and technical to derive the future applications of service robots. The researchers are
making all the efforts to introduce the service robots into everyday lifestyle and to utilize the
complete potential of the service robots. Considering the advantage of the robots, it is still not
available for the daily use [5]. However, the researchers are also interested to introduce the
use of service robots in open public space. With the development of the robots the traditional
methods of automation are replaced. From the report, it can be concluded that the robots will
be replacing the human beings in near future.