Analysis of Management and Leadership Styles in Marriott Hotels

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Management and leadership

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction................................................................................................................................1
Task 1.........................................................................................................................................2
P1 Assess different classical management theories and apply these in a service industry
context....................................................................................................................................2
P2 Explain the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a service sector industry
context....................................................................................................................................2
P3 Review the management and leadership styles in a specific service sector organisation.3
M1 Analyse management and leadership styles in a specific service sector organisation in
relation to organisational structure and culture......................................................................5
D1 Evaluate a specific organisation’s current management and leadership styles making
links to theorists and providing evidence of organisational practice.....................................6
Task 2.........................................................................................................................................8
P4 Investigate the internal and external factors that influence management styles and
structures in a selected service industry organisation............................................................8
M2 Analyse the internal and external factors that influence management styles and
structures in a selected service industry organisation identifying strengths and weaknesses8
D2 critically analyse how specific management styles have been influenced and changed
by internal and external factors in a selected service industry organisation..........................9
Task 3.......................................................................................................................................10
P5 Asses current management and leadership ‘hard’ and soft’ skills providing evidence
from specific service sector examples..................................................................................10
P6 Discuss future management and leadership skills required by the service sector and how
these can be achieved...........................................................................................................10
M3 Evaluate current and future management and leadership skills that are crucial for the 11
D3 Critically evaluate how, in response to change, management and leadership skills in the
service sector have developed..............................................................................................11
Task 4.......................................................................................................................................13

P7 Compare and contrast different service industry organisations’ change management
systems and leadership in implementing change.................................................................13
M4 Analyse how change management affects management and leadership skills and styles
..............................................................................................................................................14
D4 Critically evaluate how, in response to change, management and leadership skills in the
service sector have developed..............................................................................................14
Conclusion................................................................................................................................15
References................................................................................................................................16
Books and Journals..............................................................................................................16

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: management styles according to demands at workplace............................................4
Figure 2: leadership curve in situation management..................................................................5
Figure 3: Maslow's hierarchical needs.......................................................................................6
Figure 4: Herzberg two-factor theory........................................................................................7
Figure 5: Change management process....................................................................................13

Introduction
For an organisation, management and leadership are two functions to achieve competitive
growth and benefits. Marriott hotel as an American international hotel chain is taken into
consideration to discuss various aspects of management and leadership. The report will
discuss management and leadership styles and skills in the organisation. Also, the change
management process will be discussed for Marriott and Hilton hotel to compare and contrast
their styles and skills of management and leadership. The influence of the internal and
external factors on the management and leadership styles will be determined in the context of
structure and culture at the workplace. The report will discuss several hard and soft skills for
the management and leaders and evaluate the need for the new skills and capabilities to meet
the competitive benefits. Approaches to improve the skills will be discussed with a discussion
on the future demands of the changes in the context of technological applications.
1

Task 1
P1 Assess different classical management theories and apply these in a service industry
context
There are different classical and management views. The different managers describe
classical management theories like administrative, scientific and bureaucratic as per to
classical viewpoint.
Scientific management: Frederick W. Taylor was the father of this theory who recognised as
the first thinker of management and he is the one who found the scientific methods. As per to
him the business must need to make the proper understanding among manager and workers
through improving the efficiencies (Jyoti and Dev, 2015). This method is being adopted by
the Hotel Marriot manager to bring better efficiency and profitability in its business.
Bureaucratic Management: It is a theory which is seen in the private and public sector that
focus mainly on the business which operates under the hierarchy of the position. The main
contributors to this theory are Max Weber and Henri Fayol. According to them, the Marriot
hotel should have to work under several regulations and rules by establishing an interpersonal
skill among the workers.
Administrative management: It is a theory which organizes the things in the organization in
appropriate manner. The management in the organization has to focus mainly on improving
its performances and functions by making effective digital technology. In the organization,
proper Planning, organising, directing, recruiting and controlling should be effective to
achieve betterment and efficiency (Girma, 2016).
Such classical management theory is effective for marketing manager, restaurant manager
and finance manager. It will help the organization to use digital technology effectively in
their business and improve the profitability and productivity from this.
P2 Explain the role of the leader and different leadership styles in a service sector industry
context
In recent years, it has been determined that there are unpredicted growth has been found in
the service industry. The digital technology use is prominent features of the service sector.
The different styles of leadership help the leader in managing the employees in each situation
as well as also capable of making effective use of the latest technology.
2

Autocratic leadership: It is known as an aggressive style of leadership that is particularly
based on control. This is efficient for the production environment business which demands
enough outputs in a particular job role. This style pushes the workers to work hard in which
in return they do not get the loyalty and commitment (Menkhoff, Wah and Loh, 2016).
Laissez-faire leadership: This is as opposite as autocratic leadership. This style has some of
the important benefits of an organizational environment. It relies mostly on creativity, exiting
experiences and talents to achieve the desired results. It is an approach which is maximum
used by Hotel Marriot leader to run the business operations smoothly. This will also help in
enhancing the freedom to properly explore plans which drives the major innovation and
positive results.
Transactional and transformative leadership: It is a style which is straightforward as well as
focuses also on the procedures, work which drives the efficient results. It is concerned with
positive results for the organization. Marriot hotel must be needed to reward the employees of
their performances which create motivation in them. This is an effective approach which
helps in encouraging the employees to think creative (Kok and McDonald, 2017).
The leadership style and leaders role helps the business in ensuring the profitability and long
terms sustainability which helps in accomplishing the goals and objectives of the
organization.
P3 Review the management and leadership styles in a specific service sector organisation
Classical management approach is useful for the organisation whenever performance and
quality are essential without consideration of the participation and benefits of the employees.
The organisation also prefer to use scientific management in the normal execution of the
business function to ensure that the employees are properly considered in the decision
making to achieve financial and other benefits (Amanchukwu et al., 2015). The service sector
has a participative management approach to keep the resources motivated and aligned with
the business goals and objectives. Also, the autocratic leader is used to achieving faster
service delivery to the customers and ensures quality responses to the market benefits.
Participative and leisure-faire leadership style is preferred to improve the engagement and
satisfaction of the employees at workplace activities.
3

Figure 1: management styles according to demands at workplace
The emerging influence of digital technology and its application has reshaped the approaches
for management and leadership. For example, automation in the decision making and proper
implication of the policies are achieved. Digital technology is improving internal
communication and collaboration of the management and the employees (Noe et al., 2017).
The technology is also being used to engage the employees, customers and suppliers at a
central place to reduce the operational cost and enhance the service quality through easy and
effective monitoring.
4

Figure 2: leadership curve in situation management
M1 Analyse management and leadership styles in a specific service sector organisation in
relation to organisational structure and culture
Marriott has a global presence and so that the organisation follows the hierarchical structure
for role and responsibility delegation. The present leadership style including autocratic and
participative leadership, the organisation has benefits to ensure smooth execution of the
strategies. The internal culture for communication and working can be made competitive with
rewarding and engaging activities (Drucker, 2012). The scientific management style has
values for the organisation to create an effective structure and manage the productivity-
oriented culture. Also, hierarchical management has an effective role and responsibility
distribution which empower individual at the workplace to make decisions according to the
role and support the faster execution of the operations.
However, the classical management style has a lack of integration of the business hierarchy
and so that there is no consideration of the demands of the employees. It also influences the
workplace culture for the services. Also, the structure needs transparency and communication
to ensure high performance and quality (Mahmood et al., 2012). Leadership styles also have
to consider cultural issues and structural constraints to determine the suitable approaches to
drive the workplace.
5

D1 Evaluate a specific organisation’s current management and leadership styles making links
to theorists and providing evidence of organisational practice
Current management style influences the scientific management style where Maslow’s
hierarchical needs and Herzberg theory are also considered. Both theories are useful for the
organisation to achieve employee relationship and satisfaction and improve the workplace
culture (Mei and Zhan, 2013). The management styles are also powered with the hierarchy of
the resources. Each level has an effective distribution of the roles and responsibilities to
support the strategic execution. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs helps the management to
understand the potential expectations and requirements of the employees whereas Herzberg
theory promotes the management toward the consideration of the essential factors for
employee satisfaction.
Figure 3: Maslow's hierarchical needs
These two theories are also used as motivation theories for resources. The leadership style
has use of the systematic communication process and works recognition to ensure that
employees are engaged in the business execution with high satisfaction. Participative
leadership has values for the employees to express their demands whereas leisure-Faire
leadership empower them to get flexibility and power to perform with high creativity and
innovative approaches (Hanif et al., 2013). The organisational structure and culture have
significant influence of the digital trends as communication, team collaboration and data
processing and accessibility approaches are being redefined.
6

Figure 4: Herzberg two-factor theory
7

Task 2
P4 Investigate the internal and external factors that influence management styles and
structures in a selected service industry organisation
Internal factors
The management style and structure is changing due to the digital systems as these systems
are supporting faster and accurate data management and processing. Also, the systems are
reshaping the communication mode between management and resources. Besides it, the
informal teams and integration of the digital technology at practices are reducing the need for
controlling and monitoring through resources (Rothaermel, 2015). Also, direct
communication and accessibility to the required information is making the management
structure optimized. For example, there is no need to consult with a supervisor for changes in
the profile as the employees can make adequate changes through the provided digital system.
External factors
Advancements in the marketing tools and customers services are optimising the business
profitability. Also, governmental supports and schemes for businesses are enforcing the
changes in management style and structure. Increasing customer orientation toward the
environment-friendly services and products are also changing the management style to
deliver associated benefits (Volberda et al., 2013). Advancements in the technology are
driving the business toward the automation, and so that management structure and style is
changing to save cost and complexities.
M2 Analyse the internal and external factors that influence management styles and structures
in a selected service industry organisation identifying strengths and weaknesses
Management style influences the employee mix on performance. Higher employee
participation and satisfaction ensures quality decision making and smooth execution of the
strategies. Also, management values toward employees and business also impact the structure
and style to achieve strategic goals. Besides it, the strategic goals of the stakeholders for
profitability and competitive advantages impact the management styles during decision
making. Corporate culture, resources and business capabilities also define the management
style and structure. Also, technological advancements in the tools and techniques to deliver
automation, high accuracy and performance also impact the management (Onetti et al., 2012).
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