Analysis of Sex and Gender: Social Theories and Equality in the UK

This essay delves into the multifaceted concepts of sex and gender, highlighting the distinction between biological sex and socially constructed gender roles. It explores relevant theories such as socialization theory and cognitive theory, examining their advantages and disadvantages in explaining gender development and societal expectations. The essay further analyzes the roles of agency and structure in shaping gender equality, particularly within the context of the United Kingdom's commitment to Sustainable Development Goals and gender equality strategies. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts between individuals and society to promote genuine gender equality and challenge existing social attitudes towards women, advocating for a more inclusive and equitable society.

The individual and
society Poster

Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Explain the chosen theme........................................................................................................................3
Theories related to chosen theme.............................................................................................................3
Role of agency and structure in chosen theme.........................................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................4
Reference.....................................................................................................................................................6

Introduction
In society, Sex is defined as a physical difference between the people who are female and
male or intersex. It is characteristics by their birth. On the other hand, gender includes how a
person identifies. Unlike the natal sex, gender is not made up of the binary forms. It is a broad
spectrum (Ben Hagai, Annechino and Antin, 2021). As the theme chosen in this report is Sex and
Gender, therefore, this report will include concept of sex and gender, theories related to the
chosen theme and role of the agency and structure in relation to the chosen theme.
Explain the chosen theme
Gender is a cultural definition of what it means to be women or man. Additionally it varies in
various ways throughout the diverse culture within this world. It has been shaped by the
religious, political, linguistic, philosophical and other cultural forces since many years.
Antecedently, gender is mainly depending on their sexes, capacity, strength and capability to do
a specific task and inequalities are majorly displayed within organization or at home. This theme
is very relevant toady in our society as sex and gender are key significant forces that shape each
and every aspect of human lives: individual know their bodies, mind and selves through their
gender and sex (Wetzel and Sanchez, 2022). As a society, legal definition or social expectation
about men and women sex and reproduction organization individual medical, educational, legal
and political system.
Theories related to chosen theme
Socialization theory- The gender socialization is described as a tendency for girls and boys to
be socialized differently. Girls are raised for conforming to female role or gender, whereas boys
are raised for conforming to male role or gender (Cohen and Karim, 2021). As per this theory,
society expects a different behavior or attitude from girls and boys. Language center in male
brain is normally in dominant (left), whereas, female utilize both hemispheres of brain for
processing the language.
Advantages
 It helps the people in expanding their horizon and improves quality of their life.
 It helps individuals in dealing with their emotion and makes their life easier.
Disadvantages
 It impacts the career choice of two different genders.
 It reinforces the gender role by creating or marinating the expectation for the gender
specific behavior.

Cognitive theory- This theory has been introduced by the Kohlberg’s. According to this theory,
sex and gender is identity is postulated as a basic regulator and organizer of the children’s gender
learning (Liddon and Barry, 2021).Basic principle of this theory is that child’s understanding of
the gender develops with their age. In this mainly three stages are categorized. Which re
mentioned below:
Gender equality- development at 2 years of the age.
Gender stability- this phase happen at 4 years of the age.
Gender consistency- this stage take place between 5 to 7 years.
Advantages
 It supports the gender labeling and gender stability.
 It helps in establishing the gender consistency.
Disadvantages
 A number of the studies do not support the Kolbarge theory of gender.
 This theory is incomplete as social learning approaches principle is also involved.
Role of agency and structure in chosen theme
UK was a leading advocate of inclusion of the gender equality in SDGs, and also signed up to a
strong international commitments on the gender equality including Convention on Elimination of
every form of the Discrimination against the women and Beijing platform for the
actions(Muermann and Wassersug, 2021). Gender equality strategy entire the United Kingdom is
based on SDGs, in every country and at the local level, would deliver a strong coordination
action. Such strategies of UK would be supported by the appropriate machinery including an
independent advisory growth along with the gender equality expertise. The stakeholder from
entire UK told about the variability in expertise on the gender throughout country’s government.
Conclusion
From the above report, it is concluded that sex and gender theme a significant themes as
it define power, privilege and other possibilities which few people have and few individual do
not have in this society. People or society should be honest in their efforts and work to change
the attitude of social towards the women. For the full gender equality, both women and men
should work as a team as it will bring a positive result efficiently.

Reference
Ben Hagai, E., Annechino, R. and Antin, T., 2021. Comparing conceptions of gender, sexuality
and lesbian identity between baby boomers and millennials. Journal of Lesbian Studies,
pp.1-19.
Cohen, D.K. and Karim, S.M., 2021. Does more equality for women mean less war? Rethinking
sex and gender inequality and political violence. International organization, pp.1-31.
Liddon, L. and Barry, J., 2021. Perspectives in Male Psychology: An Introduction. John Wiley &
Sons.
Muermann, M.M. and Wassersug, R.J., 2021. Prostate cancer from a sex and gender perspective:
a review. Sexual Medicine Reviews.
Wetzel, G.M. and Sanchez, D.T., 2022. Heterosexual young adults’ experience with and
perceptions of the orgasm gap: A mixed methods approach. Psychology of Women
Quarterly, 46(2), pp.131-146.