Detailed Report: England's Sexual Health Policy Analysis

This report provides a detailed analysis of England's sexual health policy, focusing on key features such as the management of sexual diseases, including contraception, abortion, and STIs like HIV. The report outlines the background of the policy, emphasizing the role of various healthcare providers and commissioning boards in improving sexual health services. It explores the Beattie Model for patient health, and the health department's focus on indicators such as conceptions under 18, chlamydia diagnoses, and HIV infections. The report also discusses the theoretical model of policy analysis, including the healthcare quality strategy model, and the Precede-Proceed model, highlighting the importance of assessing needs, identifying resources, setting targets and objectives, and implementing action plans. The report covers the impact of sexual health issues on different groups, including young people, drug and alcohol users, and women of reproductive age, emphasizing the need for preventive measures and education. It examines the factors influencing sexual health, such as individual behavior, social norms, and cultural influences, and suggests areas for improvement to enhance the effectiveness and impact of the policy.

ASSIGNMENT ABOUT
HEALTH POLICY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Key features and background of this policy....................................................................................3
Theoretical model of policy analysis...............................................................................................5
Enhancement or improvements to improve the effectiveness and impact of chosen policy...........8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Health policy can be defined as the structure or a guideline through which health care
objectives and the goals in a society can be attained. These policies helps in defining vision for
the future perspective. In addition to this, there are different health policies related with personal
health care and public health care policy. With the help of these health policies an individual
may get financial assistance for providing quality care to the people. The present report is
prepared with a purpose to focus on sexual health improvements in England. Whereas, sexual
health includes the regulations with relation to contraceptions, abortions and other sexually
transmitted diseases like HIV. In order to have good sexual heath, there are certain factors which
are required to be adapted by an individual. But with the changing time, public health has
become a major issue where the corrective measures are needed. This document will include the
features of this policy and practices. In addition to this, recommendations and correctives
measures will also discover (Alhatmi, 2011).
Key features and background of this policy
Sexual health can be defined as the policy of guidance about the sexual diseases such as
contraceptions, abortions and STIs etc. However, its provision is typical but there are different
providers like hospitals, pharmacies and other communities. With the increasing sexual health
issues the commissioning of sexual health service are adopting changes. They started focusing on
improving these issues and providing quality care for the same. The purpose of this framework is
to improve sexual issues and preventing from HIV. However, the commissioning boards
involved NHS, CCGs and other local authorities. In past decades there is variations in
relationships and living of people. An individual has his own rights to live the way he/ she wants
to. Its their wish to maintain the relationships as per their choices. There are certain factors
through which these relationships may get influenced such as individual's behaviour and beliefs,
social norms, culture etc. The health department of England has focused on three inclusions
where there is need to maintain sustainability. The indicators are stated below (Scott and Spouse,
2013).
 Conceptions to under 18
 Chlamydia diagnoses
 HIV infections in late stage

This changing part is reflected both in the way the Framework was drafted and in the obligation
regarding execution. The Framework:
sets out the Government's aspirations for sexual well-being and HIV
gives a thorough bundle of proof, mediations and activities to enhance sexual well-being results.
Betties Model for patient health will be suggestion the basis of different areas.
Authoritative, health persuasion, individual, legislation action, collective, personal counselling
and negotiated for the social development. Definitive Health influence Individual Legislative
activity Collective Personal guiding Negotiated Community advancement The Beattie Model
enables us to outline assess diverse ways to deal with well being advancement. It is separated
into two measurements best and base with two boxes ideal models in each measurement. Every
world view contains a portrayal of various methodologies that are conveyed in a tyrant 'top
down' mole: well-being influence and authoritative activity. The two ideal models in the base
measurement portray 'base up' approaches: individual advising and group advancement. The 'best
down' methodologies intend to illuminate about undesirable practices and chance, or to force
change at national level. The point of the 'base up' approaches is to enable people and/or groups
to settle on more advantageous decisions. Beattie's model fits well with the current political
atmosphere; progressively dynamic groups achieve supportable changes to decrease well-being
imbalances. Genuine enhancements are probably going to happen with a 'base up' approach.
After analysing these issues, the department has adopted measures to improve sexual health
where the rates of teenage pregnancy is lower down. In addition to this, long-acting methods
with relation to contraceptions are effectively used. Additionally, specialist services has been
provided by the community by offering diagnostic test for the diseases like HIV and STV
(Liveng, 2010).
Furthermore, still there are certain areas where the government is needed to bring
improvements. It is identified that, more than 50% of pregnancies are not planned which is
resulted into affecting the individuals and their families as well. In 2001 the statistics shows that
in every 90 minutes one person is being diagnosed due to HIV. In addition to this, it is also

evaluated that more than half the adults are suffering from HIV for which it has become crucial
for them to get hospitalised. There is one more reason behind the sexual disease is rape cases in
England and Wales. As per the survey, it is estimated that, in every year more than 300,000
female are sexually exploited and 85000 are the victims of rape cases (Keeling and et.al., 2013).
In context to above, there are certain groups who are mainly affected due to poor sexual
and reproduction health. Firstly, young people are facing major impact of adverse outcomes of
the sexual health issues. It has become important to acknowledge them with the requisite
guidance and information with reference to the stated diseases (Preston-Shoot and Kline, 2012).
The department should promote the precaution activities for such group where they are advised
to use precaution while having sex. In addition to this, it is also necessary to educate people who
intake drugs and alcohol addicts. As per the statistics, it has evaluated that the major impact of
STIs are on women whose outcome is teenage pregnancy. On another side, the other group is
men have sex with men where it consist of gay, bisexuals and others who adapt the same. This
has resulted in raising the issues with HIV and STIs. However, the the department has taken
measures to promote corrective measures by having safer sex and use of condoms. Besides this,
women of reproductive age are mainly suffered with the stated diseases. In England, it is found
that females with the age of 15 to 45 are facing poor health due to reproduction. It consist of
unplanned pregnancies which results in poor care of the child and mother as well. However,
there are range of precaution are available for such women to avoid these issues (Jackson and
et.al., 2011).
In addition to above, there are certain features of sexual health policy of England. As per
this policy, the health department is focusing on improving the sexually transmitted diseases.
They have analysed the measures and reasons due to which people are getting affected due to
these diseases. However, the health department of England is focusing on improving such issues
so that the position can be improved. The department has an opportunity to improve and protect
the patients for these diseases. In addition to this, the health department of England is focusing
on the sexual health priorities. There may be certain issues due to which these diseases arise such
as domestic violences and sexual assaults, sexual exploitation of children and alcohol
consumption habits results in rapes and other issues (Jackson and et.al., 2011).

Theoretical model of policy analysis
This is the healthcare quality strategy model which focuses on 20:20 vision and quality
ambition. The motive of this quality strategy is to o0ffer quality healthcare services to the
customers. In order to attain this goal, there are different healthcare organization like NHS and
other local authorities work to provide proper care to lower down the impact of their sufferings.
The health department of England has focused on three quality ambitions such as safety,
persona-centred and effectiveness. In terms of safety, the organizations will make sure of
providing clean environment to the patients at the time of rendering health care services. On
another side, person-centred term focuses on officering beneficial partnership among the
patients, their families and the organizations who are offering the care services to the customers.

In addition to this, the committees and the organizations are also focused on appropriate
treatments and benefit will be provided by the health care organizations (Jackson and et.al.,
2011). On another side, the other group is men have sex with men where it consist of gay,
bisexuals and others who adapt the same. This has resulted in raising the issues with HIV and
STIs. However, the the department has taken measures to promote corrective measures by
having safer sex and use of condoms. Besides this, women of reproductive age are mainly
suffered with the stated diseases. In England, it is found that females with the age of 15 to 45 are
facing poor health due to reproduction.
In addition to above, the department is required to adopt the health promotion planning
model so that the health department of England will be able to promote its services and will be
able to plan out the promotion programme. The above stated model will help in finding an
appropriate solution of the above stated issues. Precede-Proceed model is stated above which
will result in identifying the various determinants of health. As per this model, the first phase is
social diagnose in which different factors will be analysed with reference to the society. Further,
the behavioural and environmental factors will be identified. The department will focus on
behavioural factors in which they will analyse the factors which influences the health behaviour.
For an instance, beliefs and thoughts of an individual has a major impact on the raising sexual
health issues. However, there are certain stages which is essential for the development of
theoretical plan for the analysis of sexual health framework in England (Earls and Myers, 2010).
 Assessment of need: The healthcare care department will analyse the demographic and
socio-economic information about the about the needs and demands of targeted audience.
They will analyse the people who are suffering with the diseases. Survey will be
conducted for gathering public information for the social diagnosis and epidemiological
diagnosis. Further, the education level of the people will be analysed. This will help the
organizations to form promotional plans in a way that the objective can be achieved
(Heginbotham, 2012).
 Identification of resources: further, the department will be required to analyse the
available resources such as human, financial and technological. Resource analysis will
help this department to formulate the plan in effective manner. For an instance, if the

department aims at conducting campaigns for the promotion of sexual safety. Then the
department will required a team for who can implement the plan in effective manner.
 Setting targets: This is the most crucial task performed by the organization. Here they
have to decide to target on what age group of people. Or it can be said that, the the
formulation of promotional activities are for what age group such as people with the age
of 15 to 40 years. In addition to this, people whir are suffering with these issues are also
going to be a apart of this targeted group (Ndetei and Gatonga, 2011).
 Setting objectives: This is the next stage in which the department is needed to select the
objective of promoting the action plan. The department will also decide what they re
actually going to conduct for the promotion of safety measures. For an instance, they will
provide health eduction to the different age of people so that it can create a sense of
understanding and knowledge among the people (Earls and Myers, 2010).
 Implementation: After setting targets and objectives the whole plan will be implemented
effectively. Here, the teams will provide eduction with relation to sex and relationship
education. Mainly, young people will be benefited with this education which will be
provided in their schools. This guidance will ensure that the students have a positive
attitude towards the delivered knowledge. In addition to this, they will be aware of the
laws on consent. As per this, they will be guided about sexuality below 16 is unlawful.
For an instance, according to 2003 act the children above 16 will not be punished for
such activities (Ndetei and Gatonga, 2011).
 Process evaluation: Further, the process will be evaluated by setting the benchmarking
and effective evaluation tool. It will help the health department of England to measure
their position after implementation of promotional activities. The department will analyse
the actual position of their implementation plan. They will compare the difference
between the actual and the standards. If any difference arise then for the same corrective
measures will be taken. This will also remain helpful for the department to identify the
effectiveness of the implementation plan (Heginbotham, 2012).
 Impact evaluation: the impact of the implemented plan will be evaluated with the help
of analysing the behaviour and lifestyle of the people. The health department will analyse
the records of the hospitals and the organization where they find the number of diagnosis

in a day. This will help the department to evaluate the impact of promotional activities on
the people. This will result in taking corrective measures by the department. If the
organisation has got positive impact then the implemented plan remained successful. If
not then the organization will create or formulate the new plan (Earls and Myers, 2010).
 Outcome evaluation: This is the last stage of this plan where the department will analyse
the actual outcome form the stated plan. With the help of this stage, the organization will
be able to identify the actual response of the promotional activities. This can be analyse
with the help of comparison done with the past records and statistics. They will be able to
evaluate where the activities are increased or decreased in with the help of this plan. With
the help of this promotional plan the health department of England will be able to
develop knowledge among the citizens of England about the sexual diseases (Bernard,
2013).
Enhancement or improvements to improve the effectiveness and impact of
chosen policy
In order to improve the areas for sexual health in England, the health department is
needed to focus on sexually transmitted infections, HIV, Chlamydia Programme etc. For
sexually transmitted infections, an individual has to understand the difference and risk reduction
factors. In addition to this, it is also necessary for them to understand how to get treatment for
such diseases. Here, the department has to take corrective measures for reducing the waiting time
of patients. The government is required to provide the open access services to the patients for the
requisite tests. This will allow people to take participates in treatments. STIs are the diseases
which a patient hides due to society (Dhanam, 2008). For the same, they avoid diagnose and
other treatments. This results in death of the persons or life time weakness On another side, the
department is also required to conduct the National Chlamydia screening programmes for the
public. As per the statistics, it is seen that rate of chlamydia is found higher in the adults instead
of other age people. This programme is launched with an aim to text the people who are sexually
active till the age of 25. With the help of this test, it is found that around 150000 infected people
are provided treatments. This has resulted in raising awareness among the adults towards the
stated infection (Earls and Myers, 2010).

In addition to above, HIV is the most dangerous sexually transmitted diseases whose
ultimate effect is person's death. It is the duty of health department to reduce the deaths cause
due to this disease. For the same, an individual has to take precautions and need to understand
the safety measures. In the above, model the department has adopted the model through which
the promotional activities are considered. In order to decrease the impact of this disease an
individual has to take precautions. This can be improved with the help of primary preventions
such as using condoms which having sex (New developments in health and social care. 2015).
This will help the two people to safeguard them for such disease. HIV prevention in England is
the new programme formulated for England by Terrence Higgins. They have a goals to lower
down the HIV testing and diagnosis, support the use of precautions. The department has to
motivate the people with such diseases so that they can come further for the test. The people can
analyse whether are suffering with this or not with the help of understanding its symptoms.
Common symptoms are fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes etc. These are the symptoms which
are ignored by both the patients and the health care organizations. HIV treatment and care is
provided by the British HIV association. It is seen that, their treatment are excellent. This
organization provides individual cells to the infected persons for the effective treatments
(Emerson and et.al., 2012).
In order to reduce contraceptions and unwanted pregnancies, the department is required
to increase awareness among the female towards the contraceptions methods. This will help
them to get guidance to prevent them from such disease. The department has provided different
methods LARC method where contraceptive injections are used for the females. This will help in
saving form stated disease. In context to this, it is also seen that women are facing repeated
abortions which has direct impact on their health. The parents and partners are terminating the
unwanted pregnancies which has increased the risk of future pregnancy. Abortions are the
another issues which is faced by the women. The department of England aim at reducing among
the women. For the same, they are provided abortion counsellors who train them and offer good
knowledge (Earls and Myers, 2010).
In context to above, the health department of England also focusing on preventing
teenage pregnancy with the help of eduction in their schools. In addition to this, they are also
taught about the contraceptive methods and when to adopt them. This will result in creating a
sense of knowledge among the female candidates. In addition to this, it will also help in lowering

down the teenage pregnancy among the female. As a result, this will help in decreasing the rate
of pregnancy and increase the safety measures among the girls (Clark, 2011). The improvement
of the patient health care improved on the basis of various things which have to considered. It
can be the medical aspect or non medical aspect. The quality of patient care is important to
determine by the better infrastructure. From the various trainings can be arrange for the ill people
the fundamental requirement is adopting of a system that is patient orientated. From the non
medical aspect such as Access of both health care and the physician have to be assured to all
those who need better health care. Waiting of the different services must be minimised. In the
various developing nations required high demands for services brings the high issues. Also it
required the informations to patient to instruct about all the process of medical ad as will
administrative have to be clearly understand. The ancillary service such as communication and
food should be accessible for the the patient and their family members in better manner. The
implementation can be done on the basis of the various framework. Execution of the Framework
is privately driven. Subsequently advance in accomplishing our desire is reliant on nearby
associations cooperating to guarantee administrations and intercessions are high caliber,
responsive and open. We realize that the progressions to dispatching have brought challenges
and in addition openings. PHE's manual for entire framework charging Making it Workpromotes
successful coordinated effort and participation to accomplish the best results and incentive for
cash. Cooperating cooperatively over the charging scene is significant on the off chance that we
are to influence the new plans and connections to work viably. Change likewise brings a chance
to consider what benefit models are required in this day and age and how these can best be
conveyed in a domain of constrained assets. This includes both expanding on finding out about
what has been viable to date and testing ourselves around working in an unexpected way.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that, poor reproductive and sexual health can
affect the life of an individual. In different ways people are infected which can result in death or
life long weaknesses. In order to safeguard from these diseases, the government is taking
corrective measures in terms of promotional activities such as conducting campaigns and
providing educations to the students. This will result in gaining knowledge with reference to the
appropriate knowledge among the people. By conducting different programmes, there will be

decrease in HIV and STIs in England. As a result, the targets of the government will be achieved
effectively (Bernard, 2013).