Sexual Violence and Reporting Differences: Assignment 2 Report

This report delves into the topic of sexual violence, specifically addressing why women are more likely to report it compared to men. It begins with an introduction highlighting the societal impact of sexual violence and the influence of cultural and gender factors. The report outlines research objectives, including investigating the causes of sexual violence and identifying effective strategies to reduce it. It poses research questions centered on the causes of sexual violence, reporting differences between genders, and the impact of policies. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, explaining the rationale for each and identifying dependent and independent variables, such as education, ethnicity, and alcohol consumption. Sampling strategies, including probabilistic and non-probabilistic techniques, are discussed. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of both research approaches and sampling techniques for gaining in-depth information and reducing bias in the study of sexual violence and its reporting disparities.

Assignment 2
Sexual violence and why women are more likely to report it than men.

Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Research objective................................................................................................................................2
Research questions................................................................................................................................2
Research hypothesis..............................................................................................................................3
Qualitative and quantitative research study..........................................................................................3
Identification of dependent and independent variables.......................................................................3
Sampling strategies...............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................4
References.............................................................................................................................................5

The topic chosen: sexual violence and why women are more likely to report it than men.
Introduction
Interpersonal violence whether it is nonsexual or sexual remains a major issue for nations.
Sexual violence against women and men brings with it long term issues, both socially and
psychiatrically (Breiding, 2014). In addition to sexual gratification itself, sexual violent
behaviour against women is often an outcome of unequal power equation both perceived and
real between women and men and is also strongly impacted by values and cultural factors.
Within ego-culture and socio-centric cultures, the representations and roles of gender (male
and female) and behaviour towards sexual violence differed. Cultures in sociology are
explained as feminist; provide the same power to both women and men (Kelly, 2013).
Therefore, the present study is mainly focused on the cross-cultural aspects of gender-
associated sexual violence, and focus on why women are more likely to report it than men.
Although in society there are different forms of sexual violence (including male transgender
sexual violence, male-male sexual violence), the study would focus on male-female sexual
violence.
Research objective
The research objectives of the undertaken study are the following;
 To investigate the main cause of sexual violence for men and women in society
 To investigate why women are more likely to report it than men
 To provide an effective recommendation that helps to reduce sexual violence in
society
Research questions
Research questions of the undertaken study are following;
 What are the main causes of sexual violence for men and women in society?
 Why women are more likely to report it than men?
 How effective policies and procedures help to reduce sexual violence in society?

Research hypothesis
H1: Women having less educational qualification are more likely to experience sexual
violence
H2: Investing the relationship between sexual assault and alcohol consumption
H3: Relationship between expressions of sexually aggressive and assaultive behaviour in men
and sexual violence
Qualitative and quantitative research study
The research would use both qualitative and quantitative research approach in this study. The
main purpose of selecting quantitative study is that it helps in finding the outcomes through
hypothesis testing (Brannen, 2017). In addition to this, a qualitative research approach help in
analysis and findings the subject materials in a more detailed manner. A qualitative research
approach allows more opportunities to glean insights from it during analysis and evaluation
(Atieno, 2009). A fundamental objective of selecting quantitative research approach in this
study is that it is successfully able to generalize the outcome that is to say sometimes
consistent regarding a wider range of population on basis of results in particular study
(Brannen, 2017).
Identification of dependent and independent variables
Dependent and independent variables are used in this study for the purpose of testing
hypothesis in a better manner. Independent variable in the research study is the variable that
does not change with other variables. The dependent variable is the variables that change
with the independent variable. In this study, the dependent variable is sexual assault or social
violence whereas independent variables are demographic factors including education,
ethnicity, and poverty level. In the second hypothesis, independent variables are individual's
behaviors, attitude towards alcohol and drug consumption. According to Hayes, & Preacher,
(2014), drug or alcohol consumptions is the main reason to increase sexual violence in
society. Consuming drug or alcohol makes it more difficult for the individual to control
oneselfand act appropriately to warning sign. Small, (2010), observed women with no higher
educational qualification experience high sexual violence than those with better or higher
educational qualification. In order to find the outcomes in an appropriate and successful

manner, multilevel regression analysis techniques and coefficient correlation techniques are
performed. This technique helps in findings the outcomes in a better manner and provides
information regarding how much women having less educational qualification are impacted
by sexual violence.
Sampling strategies
As the study is based on both qualitative and quantitative approach, therefore during the
quantitative approach probabilistic sampling technique methods are adopted. According
toEtikan, Musa, & Alkassim, (2016), the probabilistic sampling technique is classified into
the simple random sampling, stratified random sampling method, cluster sampling method,
and systematic sampling methods. Simple random sampling technique is adopted in this
study because the objective of random sampling methods is to reduce unconscious bias. In
addition to this, the random sampling technique helps to perform data analysis and
interpretation that has fewer risks of making a fault (Baltar & Brunet, 2012). Random
sampling methods provide an equal chance of selection of the respondents and include
several types of randomness that help to reduce researcher unfairness. In the process of
qualitative research approach, nonprobabilistic sampling technique method is adopted.
According to Thompson, (2013), the nonprobabilistic sampling technique is classified into
quota, snowball, purposive and convenience sampling technique. Purposive sampling
technique method is implemented in this study. The main purpose of selecting this method is
that it is focused on the particular characteristic of the population and provides relevant
answer to the research questions. In addition to this, it helps in saving money and time while
collecting information compared to probabilistic sampling technique. With the help of this
sampling technique method, the researcher can target niche demographic to collect specific
information.
Conclusion
Therefore from the evaluation and analysis, it can be concluded that both qualitative and
quantitative research approaches are vital component for research study and help the
researcher to gain in-depth information about the study. It can be stated that a quantitative
research study helps the researcher to test the hypothesis in a successful manner. The finding
also shows that random sampling technique in probabilistic sampling process helps to reduce
the bias during the selection of the respondents. In addition to this, the purposive sampling

technique (nonprobabilistic sampling technique) is the effective form of implementing data
collection and it is less time-consuming methods.

References:
Breiding, M. J. (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and
intimate partner violence victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual
Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
Surveillance summaries (Washington, DC: 2002), 63(8), 1.
Kelly, L. (2013). Surviving sexual violence. John Wiley & Sons.
Brannen, J. (2017). Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge.
Atieno, O. P. (2009). An analysis of the strengths and limitation of qualitative and
quantitative research paradigms. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 13(1),
13-38.
Brannen, J. (2017). Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches: an overview.
In Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research (pp. 3-37). Routledge
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and
purposive sampling. American journal of theoretical and applied statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using
Facebook. Internet research, 22(1), 57-74.
Thompson, W. (Ed.). (2013). Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and
techniques for estimating population parameters. Island Press.
Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical
independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical
Psychology, 67(3), 451-470.
Small, D. A. (2010). Reference-dependent sympathy. Organizational behavior and human
decision processes, 112(2), 151-160.