Comparative Analysis of Shallow Foundation Design Methods using GEO 5

This report provides a comparative analysis of shallow foundation design methods, focusing on the use of GEO 5 software. The introduction defines shallow foundations and their importance in construction, explaining their economical benefits and suitability for various building types. The main body delves into different types of shallow foundations, including individual footings and raft foundations, discussing their applications and construction considerations. The report then explores the GEO 5 software, highlighting its capabilities in geotechnical activities such as stability analysis, excavation design, and settlement analysis. The core of the analysis involves calculating the bearing resistance of foundations using methods by Terzaghi (1943), Meyerhof (1963), Hansen (1970), Vesic (1973), and Eurocode 7 (1996), both with and without load inclination. The student is required to perform hand calculations and verify them using GEO 5 software simulations. The report concludes with a discussion of the results and findings in the context of past studies, with potential comparisons to lab or field measurements. The report includes a comprehensive list of references from books and journals related to construction engineering and management.

Shallow Foundations: Comparative
analysis of the design methods using
GEO 5

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Construction projects are a series of related tasks that are carried out in correct manner. This
helps to manage the completion of project. In this report, there is discussion about shallow
foundation and GEO 5 software that is used in construction. Shallow foundation is also known as
footings which are suitable under the lowest part of structure. Shallow foundation is basically
used as the most economical foundation system. This is relatively easy for managing the
construction work. there is a careful investigation of foundation site as well as detailed
information related to the subsurface stratum. This is used for designing the foundation and
avoiding any kind of degradation of the building. There is also explanation regarding basic
requirements within construction.
MAIN BODY
Shallow foundation is widely used in construction of buildings where the depth of a foundation
is low and width of foundation is wide. In shallow foundation root of the constructed building
covers maximum width and small area of depth. Shallow foundation is mainly used in residential
buildings which provides more stability to the buildings. To calculate the area under which the
building is to be constructed is the primary function of a civil engineer and to put an idea about
the shallow foundation under which the engineer checks whether the soil quality is appropriate or
not is the secondary function of a construction engineer. It also provides more strength to
buildings as root system of the buildings covers a wide width area. It is most widely practised
technique in the field of construction, which requires systematic involvement of functions. With
the help of shallow foundation, basement can be also constructed in a residential building. Most
widely used types of shallow foundation with their explanation are mentioned below:
Individual footing- Individual footing is used in small size residential building; it basically uses
a single column for construction. The size under individual footing is based on load which is
coming on the column as well as the load bearing capacity of the soil. Individual footing does not
require heavy engineering, it requires normal level of construction activities and also less number
of labourers.
Raft foundations- This type of shallow foundation is used in construction of heavy building
mainly malls and large capacity residential building. In this, foundation is spread over a large
area to minimise the load on columns. The resistance capacity of raft foundations is very high

and requires heavy engineers to perform the construction of this type of foundation. Raft
foundations also require bulky construction materials and professional construction level in a
building in order to achieve maximum safety from the construction of a building.
Construction engineering is defined as professional discipline which involves different aspects
such as design, plan, construction as well as management. It is associated with the field of
project. This is necessary for accomplishing the concentration of different project and design
work.
GEO 5 is most preferable software that used by the construction company which deliver
maximum solution in respect of geotechnical activities. It consists set of programs that individual
use with similar interface to bring coordination and communication in the activitie4s of
construction. These set of programs aids in designing particular type of structure. Here are some
solutions that is deliver by this software GEO 5 such as stability analysis, Excavation design,
walls and Gabions, shallow foundations, deep foundations, settlement analysis, tunnels and
shafts, geological survey, field tests. The stability analysis examine stability, rock stability.
Excavation design is mainly focus on redesigning and verification of structure, pile walls and
designing. Walls and gabions involves reducing complexities in the constructions retain9ing
walls and gravity. Shallow foundations leverage the capacity settlement of operations of
construction process. Deep foundation leverage only capacity, settlement of piles activities.
Settlement analysis involves combining of foundation soil. The tunnel and shafts consist of
examine underground tunnels and complex construction design. Geological survey combine4s of
modelling and geological surveys in respect of terrain and subsoil. At last field test examine
framework of testing like SPT, CPT5,PMT etc. These test consist of field test. The software of
GEO5 provide unique solutions on geotechnical, traditional and analytical, finite component
problem method. Here is some key solution or features that is provided by this software. It
delivers unique solution in respect of geotechnical activities. Main purpose of designing this
software that it solves most complicated activities of geotechnical activities. These deliver from
the easy one to specific prioritize programs. This software solves complexities in the framework
of construction that company can easily deliver and satisfy the need of customer. The software
delivers most consumer friendly interface. This consist of various set of individual programs, it
delivers very efficient to handle and use. Software do not need any type of productive training
while operations of construction activities. For bringing up gradation or advancement in

designing of the survey of Geological. It is most preferable comprehensive software which
facilitate data and modelling of the geological framework. It combines of useful methodology of
FEM and analytical software. It aids in restructuring design to deliver effective solution of
verification of the activities. This helps in the establishment of linkage programmes that ensure
appropriate data transfer from one level to another. It delivers lots of solution while construction
and support the BIM programs.
Determine bearing resistance of the foundation for width B = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m at a depth of 1.5
m using Terzaghi (1943), Meyerhof (1963), Hansen (1970), Vesic (1973) and Eurocode 7
(1996) methods. Carryout hand calculations.
Determine bearing resistance of the foundation for width B = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m at a depth of 1.5
m for a load inclination of 15 degrees using Terzaghi (1943), Meyerhof (1963), Hansen
(1970), Vesic (1973) and Eurocode 7 (1996) methods. Carryout hand calculations. Use
H/V ratio as ½.
You are required to verify your hand calculations and perform simulations for the above cases
using GEO 5 Software.
When you complete all of the above then start writing your final year project and describe your
results and findings in context of other past studies. It would be really good if you
discuss/describe your results in comparison of the lab or field measurements carried out by
other people.
CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alves, T.D.C. and Shah, N., 2018. Analysis of construction contracts: searching for
collaboration. In Construction Research Congress 2018 (pp. 148-157).
Burke, R.D., Parrish, K. and El Asmar, M., 2018. Environmental product declarations: Use in the
architectural and engineering design process to support sustainable construction. Journal
of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(5), p.04018026.
Fayek, A.R. and Lourenzutti, R., 2018. Introduction to fuzzy logic in construction engineering
and management. In Fuzzy Hybrid Computing in Construction Engineering and
Management. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Guevremont, M. and Hammad, A., 2019. Defining levels of development for 4D simulation of
major capital construction projects. In Advances in informatics and computing in civil and
construction engineering (pp. 77-83). Springer, Cham.
Kapelko, M. and Abbott, M., 2017. Productivity growth and business cycles: Case study of the
Spanish construction industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,
143(5), p.05016026.
Kereri, J.O. and Harper, C.M., 2019. Social networks and construction teams: Literature review.
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(4), p.03119001.
Loosemore, M. and Lim, B.T.H., 2018. Mapping corporate social responsibility strategies in the
construction and engineering industry. Construction management and economics, 36(2),
pp.67-82.
Mahpour, A. and Mortaheb, M.M., 2018. Financial-based incentive plan to reduce construction
waste. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(5), p.04018029.
Nnaji, C., Lee, H.W., Karakhan, A. and Gambatese, J., 2018. Developing a decision-making
framework to select safety technologies for highway construction. Journal of construction
engineering and management, 144(4), p.04018016.
Pan, Y. and Zhang, L., 2021. Roles of artificial intelligence in construction engineering and
management: A critical review and future trends. Automation in Construction, 122,
p.103517.
Siraj, N.B. and Fayek, A.R., 2019. Risk identification and common risks in construction:
Literature review and content analysis. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 145(9), p.03119004.
Zhang, R., Ashuri, B., Shyr, Y. and Deng, Y., 2018. Forecasting Construction Cost Index based
on visibility graph: A network approach. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its
Applications, 493, pp.239-252.