Comprehensive Analysis of Skin Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of skin cancer, encompassing its various types, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It details the symptoms associated with each type, such as changes in skin appearance, unusual growths, and sores that do not heal. The essay explores the pathophysiology of skin cancer, highlighting the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in causing DNA damage and genetic alterations, and discusses the associated risk factors. It further outlines the diagnostic methods, including examination of skin growths and the variations in current moles, and the available treatment options, such as cryosurgery, excisional surgery, Mohs surgery, electrodessication, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy. The essay emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment for improved outcomes.

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Skin Cancer
Student Details:

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This essay highlights the introduction to skin cancer and its types along with symptoms
prevalence. pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment. Skin cancer is the development of
abnormal membrane cells which often expands in the skin which visible to the sunlight. Skin
cancer normally happens when unrepaired DNA injures the skin cells and activates alterations, or
hereditary blemishes, which hints the skin cells to increase quickly and forms menacing tumor.
Menacing growths also travel to remote organs through the blood passage. The procedure of
attacking and dispersion to other tissues is referred as Metastasis. Skin cancer is the maximum
mutual of all cancers (T Kornek, 2013).
Skin cancer is divided into three categories: “basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma, and
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)” of the skin. BCC usually happens in sun exposed parts of
human form like neckline and face. BCC seems as a lustrous or waxy collision, draining or
scabbing tender which heals and returns, and plane, epithelium tinted or brunette mark like cut
on the skin. Meanwhile, SCC happens on sun unprotected regions of human body like face,
earlobes and hands. Individuals with shadier skin mostly develop SCC on regions which are not
frequently unprotected on the sunlight. SCC appears appear as firm, red knob or flat cut with
incrusted seeming. Additionally, melanoma develops anywhere on the human body. Melanoma
commonly seems on the face or on the shaft of pretentious males. In females, melanoma often
grows on the lower legs. Generally, melanoma can effect on individuals with any type of skin
(SC Wallingford, 2011). In individuals with dark skin tone, melanoma commonly occurs on the
palms and soles. Recognition and treatment of melanoma at early stages is curable. However, if
left undiagnosed, the cancer multiplies and spreads to the other fragments of the human body
wherein it is tough to cure and becomes incurable.
The greatest mutual form of cancer in United States is Skin Cancer. As per the
estimations, one in five Americans progresses skin malignancy. Approximately, 9,500
individuals in United States are analyzed with skin malignancy every day. The general
occurrence of BCC augmented by 145 out of a hundred and the inclusive frequency of SCC
augmented by 263 out of a hundred from 1976-1984 and 2000-2010 wherein females are the
utmost upsurge in occurrence proportions (American Academy of Dermatology, 2018). The five
year existence proportion for persons whose skin cancer is noticed and cured to the lymph nodes
is 99 out of a hundred. Risk factors associated with all categories of skin malignancy comprises
of skin which scorches effortlessly, golden hair, usage of browning double bed and, past of skin
tumor.
The pathogenesis of coating cancer is “multifactoral”. The chief etiological mediator in
the expansion of malevolent melanoma is UVR in sunshine. There are two categories of UVR
emissions: “ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB)”. UVA emissions permit profounder
into the membrane compensations like elastosis than UVB emissions. UVB rays mainly cause
“erythema or suntan”. UVR creates DNA injury, genetic factor alterations, “oxidative pressure’,
and seditious reactions. UVB rays right indemnities DNA (Zoe Apalla, 2017). The impairment to
DNA after UVA is unintended, medicinal by free fundamental development and injuries the
cellular skin. UVR is a whole carcinogen which pledges tumorigenesis by persuading mutations
in growth suppressor genetic factor, and promotes expansion. UVA rays composition plays an
indispensable part in the carcinogenesis of stalk cells of the membrane, and UVB rays persuade
DNA mutilation complete provocative rejoinders and “tumorigenesis”. Once UVR enters the
membrane, the liveliness is engrossed by the DNA of “epidermal keratinocytes”. “Dysregulation

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of apoptosis” indicates to unimpeded “mitosis of keratinocytes”, and starts skin melanoma
development. Main instrument of “carcinogenesis is UVR” persuaded free far-reaching injury
and hereditarily resolute capability to absorb free militants also incline enduring to membrane
tumor (Gordon, 2013).
Skin cancers develop on the exposed skin and are easily detectible. Uncommon
developments or the variations in current moles are dangerous. Unusual skin growth or sore
which regrows is principal warning of a “non-melanoma cancer” (A Lomas, 2012). Skin growth
initiates as a node, impulsive or unequal area on the exterior of membrane. These acnes raise,
ooze and exploit effortlessly. As the tumor expands, the magnitude or figure of the membrane
mass fluctuates and the malignancy produces into profounder coatings of the membrane.
Meanwhile in BCC, skull or neckline principally seems as a light covering of membrane or a
waxy luminous collision. Carcinoma on trunk looks like a brownish blemish or flesh-colored
expurgated. As the development improvements, it may achievement if wounded or emission and
become crispy in some regions. SCC grows as a bump on the covering. Secure bumps are
characteristically uneven on the seeming. If a node does not form, the growth progresses more
like a rose-colored, flaking covering. Unlike a membrane impulsive which goes missing with
period, these cuts like coverings endure to grow gradually. Additionally, growth seems as
inflamed flesh-colored infiltrators which are elevated and produces quickly (KJ Buster, 2012).
Skin growth and the precancerous membrane cuts mentioned as “actinic keratosis” differs
conferring to the scope, category, complexity, and position of the cuts. To abolish “actinic
keratosis” icing with liquid nitrogen is achieved by the surgeons. Freezing with liquid nitrogen is
known as “Cryosurgery”. Furthermore, surgeon scratches out the tumorous material and an
adjacent of unwholesome skin is referred as “Excisional surgery”. A wide excision is made by
removal of additional usual membrane everywhere the lump. “Mohs surgery” is achieved for
superior, recurrent or problematic to cure membrane malignance which includes both “basal and
squamous cell carcinomas”. This treatment is applied where it is essential to preserve as
membrane as potential, like the front. Moreover, by the removal of cancerous development,
scrapping of layers of cancers cells by the usage of a device with a curet is recognized as
“electrodessication or cryotherapy” wherein an electronic pointer abolishes growth chambers.
“Radiation therapy” takes place with high-powered vigor rays, like X-rays, to slaughter growth
cells. Additionally, in “chemotherapy” medications are castoff to destroy the malignancy cells.
Systemic chemotherapy is used for the treatment of the skin cancers which spreads to the other
organs of the body. Furthermore, “biological therapy” uses human body resistant system for the
killing of cancer cells (R Siegel, 2012).
Bibliography
A Lomas, J. L.‐B. (2012). A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin
cancer. British Journal of Dermatology, 166(5), 1069-1080.
American Academy of Dermatology. (2018). Skin cancer. Retrieved from American Academy of
Dermatology: https://www.aad.org/media/stats/conditions/skin-cancer
Gordon, R. (2013). Skin Cancer: An overview of Epidemiology and Risk factors. Seminars in
Oncology Nursing, 29(3), 160-169.

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KJ Buster, Z. Y. (2012). Skin cancer risk perceptions: a comparison across ethnicity, age,
education, gender, and income. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 66(5),
771-779.
R Siegel, C. D. (2012). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. cancer journal for
clinicians, 62(4), 220-241.
SC Wallingford, C. O. (2011). Skin cancer arising in scars: a systematic review. Dermatologic
Surgery, 37(9), 1239-1244.
T Kornek, M. A. (2013). Skin cancer prevention. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen
Gesellschaft, 11(4), 283-298.
Zoe Apalla, D. N. (2017). Skin Cancer: Epidemiology, Disease Burden, Pathophysiology,
Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches. Dermatology and therapy, 7(1), 5-19.