NRS-490 Literature Review: Skin-to-Skin Contact Benefits - GCU, 2019

This literature evaluation table presents a review of several studies related to skin-to-skin contact (SSC) for healthy newborns. The studies examine various aspects of SSC, including barriers to implementation, the impact of Charité cesarean birth, the definition and influence of Kangaroo Mother Care, and the effects of SSC on child psychological development, breastfeeding, and stress reduction. The reviewed articles utilize qualitative and quantitative research designs, systematic reviews, and case-control studies conducted in diverse settings. Key findings highlight the importance of addressing factors such as staff-patient ratio, clinician education, and parental motivation to promote SSC. The review also emphasizes the benefits of SSC, such as improved infant psychology, enhanced breastfeeding, and reduced stress for both mother and child. The articles provide recommendations for implementing SSC in hospitals and underscore the need for further research to solidify these findings. This literature review supports a capstone project aimed at establishing SSC as a standard of care for newborns without risk factors.

Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name:
Change Topic (2-3 sentences): The evaluation table below demonstrates various studies that
will be used to complete the capstone project on the skin to skin Contact of newborns without risk
factors as a standard of care. The studies are expected to demonstrate various barriers, interventions,
measures, and benefits of SSC.
Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4
Author,
Journal
(Peer-
Reviewed)
, and
Permalink
or
Working
Link to
Access
Article
(Alenchery et al.,
2018) BMC
Pediatrics
https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov/pubmed/
29426317
(Armbrust, Hinkson,
Von Weizsäcker, &
Henrich, 2016) The
Journal of Maternal-
Fetal & Neonatal
Medicine
https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov/pubmed/
25572878
(Chan, Valsangkar,
Kajeepeta, Boundy,
& Wall, 2016)
Journal of global
health
https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g
ov/pubmed/
27231546
(Feldman,
Rosenthal, &
Eidelman, 2014)
Biological psychiatry
https://doi.org/
10.1016/
j.biopsych.2
013.08.012
Article
Title and
Year
Published
Barriers and
enablers to skin-to-
skin contact at birth
in a healthy
neonates-a
qualitative study,
2018
The Charité
cesarean birth: a
family orientated
approach of
cesarean section,
2016
What is kangaroo
mother care? A
systematic review of
the literature, 2016
Maternal-preterm
skin-to-skin contact
enhances child
physiologic
organization and
cognitive control
across the first 10
years of life, 2014
Research
Questions
(Qualitati
ve)/Hypot
hesis
(Quantitat
ive), and
Purposes/
Aim of
Study
This study was
conducted to
determine enablers,
barriers and any
potential strategies
or measures that can
be used to
implement SSC at
birth in healthy
newborns.
The study was
conducted to
evaluate the safety
of patients
experiencing Charite
Cesarean Birth,
integrating the
delivery process
with skin to skin
contact(SSC) and
cutting of the
The purpose of this
research was to
describe the
Kangaroo Mother
Care in a different
setting and how they
influence skin to
skin contact and
breastfeeding.
This study was
conducted to
evaluate how SSC
help in child
psychological and
cognitive control in
the first decade of
life.
© 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

umbilical cord
Design
(Type of
Quantitati
ve, or
Type of
Qualitativ
e)
A qualitative study
which used a
phenomenological
design as developed
by Husserl and
Marleau-Ponty
Quantitative
research
Systematic reviews Case-control design
Setting/
Sample
The research was
conducted in a
hospital setting (St.
John Medical
College Hospital,
Bangalore, India. A
sample of 41 health
care workers from
the labor unit was
used.
Hospital setting at
Charite University
Hospital in Berlin
A total number f
1035 articles were
included
A total number of 73
premature infants
were used.
Methods:
Interventi
on/Instru
ments
The study was
conducted using an
interview guide and
a focus group
discussion
moderator’s guide.
Randomized control
trials using Modified
Likert Scale and
questioners
An online search
using key terms on
Embase, WHO
regional databases,
Scopus Web of
Science, and
PubMed.
73 premature infants
for 14 consecutive
days were compared
with 73 case-
matched participants
receiving standard
care. A follow up on
their first decade of
life recording all
cognitive and
psychological
activities was done.
Analysis Data analysis was
conducted using a
framework
analytical approach
which had the
following five steps-
familiarization of
data and coding,
identification of
themes, sorting
quotes, placing
quotes under the
thematic category
and finally mapping
and interpreting.
Not Available Data analyzed using
a standardized form
with categorical
components
Not Available.
Key
Findings
Main barriers found
include inadequate
staff-patient ratio,
the rise of newborn
CCB is a significant
and useful option
when recommended.
It improves early
Skin to skin is a
major component
that is used to
describe Kangaroo
By 10 years,
children receiving
Kangaroo care
showed improved
© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

conditions and
parochialism
towards SSC.
Enablers included
workers motivation,
knowledge and skills
toward SSC and
positive experiences
infant to mother
interaction and
breastfeeding.
Mother Care. stress response,
better cognitive
control and
organized sleep.
Recomme
ndations
 Increase
antenatal
awareness
among
patients and
nurses
 Frequent
interdepartm
ental
training and
teaching.
CCB should be
practiced more often
where possible
rather than normal
CS.
A standardized
operational
definition tool for
KMC should be
developed in order
to differentiate SSC
and other KMC
components.
Early touch
interventions are
recommended in
order to enhance
child psychology in
the following
lifetime.
Explanati
on of How
the Article
Supports
EBP/Caps
tone
Project
The article gives key
strategies that can be
used to prevent
barriers of SCC as
one of the major
objectives of the
project.
This study supports
the project in
essence that, it
demonstrates how
SSC can be
implemented in CS
patients.
This article helps in
understanding what
SSC means and how
important it is
especially in
Kangaroo Care
This research
demonstrates how
effective the SCC is
in promoting child
psychological
development.
Criteria Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8
Author,
Journal
(Peer-
Reviewed),
and
Permalink or
Working
Link to
Access
Article
(Koopman,
Callaghan-Koru,
Alaofin, Argani, &
Farzin, 2016)
Journal of clinical
nursing
https://doi.org/
10.1111/
jocn.13227
(Moore, Bergman,
Anderson, & Medley,
2016) Cochrane
database of
systematic Reviews
doi/
10.1002/14651858.C
D003519.pub4
(Lumbiganon et al.,
2016) Database of
Systematic Reviews,
doi/10.1002/1465185
8.CD006425.pub4
(Ludington-
Hoe, 2015) The
American
Journal of
Maternal/Child
Nursing
http://
ovidsp.tx.ovid.c
om/sp-
3.33.0b/
ovidweb.cgi
Article Title
and Year
Published
Early skin‐to‐skin
contact for healthy
full‐term infants
after vaginal and
cesarean delivery: a
Early skin‐to‐skin
contact for mothers
and their healthy
newborn infants,
2016.
Antenatal
breastfeeding
education for
increasing
breastfeeding
Skin-to-skin
contact: a
comforting
place with
comfort food
© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

qualitative study on
clinician
perspectives, 2016
duration,2016
Research
Questions
(Qualitative)/
Hypothesis
(Quantitative
), and
Purposes/Ai
m of Study
The study major
aim was to provide
an insight into
primary factors that
influence skin to
skin contact after
CS or vaginal
delivery of healthy
full-term infants.
The study was
conducted to assess
the impacts of early
SSC for health
newborn as compared
to standard contact on
infant psychology and
breastfeeding
The study was
conducted to evaluate
the impact of
antenatal
breastfeeding
education on
breastfeeding
initiation and duration
after birth
The main aim of
this research to
demonstrate that
early SSC can
change stress
after delivery by
creating a child
to mother bond
that provides
psychological
environmental
and psych
spiritual
comfort.
Design (Type
of
Quantitative,
or Type of
Qualitative)
Exploratory
qualitative research
design
Systematic reviews of
published articles.
Review of online
published articles
from electronic
databases
Theoretical and
literature review
Setting/
Sample
Hospital setting in
obstetrics and
gynecology
departments
A sample of eleven
clinicians was used.
. A total number of 46
trials with a total
number of 3850
women and their
children were
compared with 38
trials consisting of
3472 women from 21
countries.
A total number of 17
studies with 7131
women and 14 studies
with 6932 women
were used in the
study.
Neonates
intensive care
units
Methods:
Intervention/
Instruments
Interviews using
controlled
interview forms
Online search from
Cochrane Pregnancy
and Child Groups
Trial Register
Data was search
online from
MEDLINE and
Cochrane Pregnancy
and Child Groups
Trial Register and
analyzed and using
two authors.
Not available
Analysis Thematic analytic
approach was used
in data analysis by
developing a theme
coding framework
adapted from Lee et
al thematic
framework.
Data were analyzed
using the GRADE
approach by two
independent authors.
Data were extracted
and analyzed by two
authors using the
agreed form to
prevent bias.
Literature
organized using
Kolkabas
Comfort Theory
Key Findings Inadequate staffing,
clinician education,
Early SSC for not
more than ten minutes
A combined
educational
SSC increases
psychological
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parental motivation,
and education were
the major factors
that influence SSC
in hospitals and at
home.
after birth promotes
breastfeeding and
improve infant
psychology.
intervention may
reduce nipple trauma
and pain.
stability,
provide warmth
to the baby,
enhance
organized sleep
and reduces
both pain and
stress
Recommenda
tions
Factors that
influence SSC
should be addressed
frequently to
evaluate and
implement the
procedure in
hospitals.
Further research
should be conducted
with a larger sample
to come with more
definite results and
conclusion.
It is of importance to
keep encouraging
exclusive
breastfeeding in the
first six months.
Nurses should
begin SSC as
soon as possible
after birth and
continue as long
as possible.
Explanation
of How the
Article
Supports
EBP/Capston
e
This study provides
a measure that be
looked into in order
to successfully
implement SSC in a
hospital
The article shows
basic standards that
should be used to
promote SSC. These
include initiating
early SSC and patient
education
The article promotes
the capstone project
by providing
interventions such as
patient education and
early initiation of
SSC.
This theoretical
study provides
basic
interventions
that can be used
to implement
SSC, its benefits
and application
in a clinical
setup.
© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.