Experiment Design & Result Analysis: Sleep, Stress & IT Staff USA

This report investigates the correlation between sleep quality and stress levels among IT employees in the USA. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews with CEOs, and expert opinions from psychology professionals. The study outlines the data collection process, including source identification, data storage, and pre-processing techniques used to ensure data quality. Dimension reduction methods were applied to refine the data for analysis. The experiment employed a hybrid methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess the impact of work overload, role conflict, and work stress on sleep quality. Results indicate a significant relationship between poor sleep quality and higher stress levels, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving sleep could enhance employee well-being and productivity. Desklib provides access to this report and a wealth of similar resources for students and researchers.

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
Table of Contents
Table of Contents..................................................................................................................................1
List of figures.........................................................................................................................................2
List of tables..........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4
a. Collection of Data..........................................................................................................................4
i. Sources of Data..........................................................................................................................4
ii. Data Collection..........................................................................................................................4
iii. Storage of Data......................................................................................................................5
b. Designing and Implementation......................................................................................................5
i. Pre-Processing of Data..............................................................................................................5
ii. Dimension Reduction................................................................................................................6
iii. Experiment design.................................................................................................................6
iv. Experiment implementation records......................................................................................7
c. Result Analysis and summary........................................................................................................9
i. The expected results................................................................................................................10
ii. Result Summary......................................................................................................................10
d. Outline of the Experiment and Analysis of Results.....................................................................10
References...........................................................................................................................................12

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
List of figures
Figure 1: A pie Chart of Gender distribution..........................................................................................8
Figure 2: A pie Chart of Marital Status...................................................................................................8
Figure 3: A Pie Chart of level of education.............................................................................................9

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
List of tables
Table 1: Data collection guideline..........................................................................................................4
Table 2: Data Storage............................................................................................................................5
Table 3: Structure of Dimension reduction............................................................................................6
Table 4: Frequency of sleep problems...................................................................................................7
Table 5: Work stressors.........................................................................................................................7
Table 6:Gender......................................................................................................................................7
Table 7:Marital status............................................................................................................................8
Table 8:Level of education.....................................................................................................................9
Table 9:High stress................................................................................................................................9

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
Introduction
Insufficient sleep is regarded as a public health hazard. The previous researchers have
associated the lack of sleep to road carnages, industrial accidents, medical as well as
other occupational errors. (3) This study is therefore designed to highlight the extent
to which quality of sleep affects the stress level and performance of IT employees. It’s
believed that assisting employees to reduce sleep disruptions is one way of boosting
their job impact and hence improve the production quality. (5)
a. Collection of Data
The outcome of research work is largely dependent on the data collected and
analyzed. Prior to carrying out qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the data
sources need to be identified. Afterwards the data is collected and documented. The
stored data is later analyzed, and conclusions are driven based on research objectives.
i. Sources of Data
The focus of the research was to evaluate the impact of sleep on the IT
employees in the USA. The data was collected from the employees in the IT
field, psychology experts and CEO of IT companies in the USA. To narrow
down the data collection to the research level 4 IT companies were identified
at random across the country whose employees and CEO provided the data. In
addition, we identified 3 psychology experts who also assisted in data
provision.
ii. Data Collection
The table below was used as a guideline during the data collection process.
Table 1: Data collection guideline
Name of data
source
Organization Data
description
Data
file
format
URL Fee Target
data
source
Employee’s
questionnaires
Questionnaire
result forms
txt Free Yes
Interviewing
CEOs
Interview
result
Txt Free Yes

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
Report Psychology
expert report
Txt Free Yes
The data was collected via the use of questionnaires and face to face
interviews
iii. Storage of Data
Upon collecting data from an identified source, the results were tabled and
stored in folders.
Afterwards the table below was used to document the data stored so that all
the details are taken in to account during the analysis phase.
Table 2: Data Storage
Data
source
name
Date of
collection
Location
of the
file
saved
Filename Format
of the
saved
file
No of
records
CEO
response
3/Jan/2026 //raw
data/
Questionare.txt txt 40
Employees
response
23/March/2036 //raw
data/
Interviews.txt txt 56
Expert
response
6/June/2016 //raw
data/
Report.txt txt 60
b. Designing and Implementation
i. Pre-Processing of Data
Since not all the people do respond to the questionnaires and those who
respond occasionally give erroneous information, it’s important to do data pre-
processing. This will involve reading the raw data collected from the study,
filtering the duplicated data and void data, resembling the data to derive new
data and finally recording the new data in a file.
The aim of the data pre-processing is to come up with information whose
quality can be guaranteed. The pre-processing will therefore focus on

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
eliminating repetitive information, scraping of biased or void data, eliminating
information that can be viewed as misleading or misrepresenting the actual
situation.
ii. Dimension Reduction
After completing the data pre-processing the next task is to derive features
from the results and minimize the number of random data which are to be
considered. (6) The table below shows the result of the pre-processing and
reduction of random data. The new file created will now be applied in
conducting research analysis.
Table 3: Structure of Dimension reduction
Date Data
source
name
Objecti
ve of
pre-
processi
ng
Method
of pre-
process
ing
Origi
nal
recor
ds
Newl
y
obtain
ed
data
recor
d
Name of the new
data file
25/7/2
016
CEO
respons
e
Elimina
ting
duplicat
ion
Data
cleanin
g
150 100 Final_CEO_respons
e.txt
25/7/2
016
Employ
ees
respons
e
Fill the
missing
parts
Data
filterin
g
96 70 Final_employee_res
ponse.txt
25/7/2
016
Expert
respons
e
Elimina
ting
repetitio
n
Data
cleanin
g
88 65 Final_expert_respon
se.txt
iii. Experiment design

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
The experiment was based on a hybrid methodology which catered for both
the qualitative and quantitative research approach. The data was collected and
then analyzed to give answers to some of the predetermined questions. the
areas of focus were the work overload, conflict of roles, work stress and
fatigue. The outcome of the research was then recorded as statistics.
iv. Experiment implementation records.
The data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel. The information was then
presented in the form of tables, figures and graphs and conclusions drawn.
Table 4: Frequency of sleep problems
Variable Mean
Difficulty initiating sleep in the past
month
5.34
Problems maintaining sleep in the
past month
6.59
Non-restorative sleep in the past
month
5.00
Table 5: Work stressors
Variable Mean
Work overload 2.7
Conflict of roles 2.3
Repetitive work 3.29
Autonomy of job 3.23
Symptoms of depression 2.75
Table 6:Gender
Variable %
Female 52.77
Male 47.23

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
53%
47%
Gender
Female
Male
Figure 1: A pie Chart of Gender distribution
Table 7:Marital status
variable %
Married 55.45
Separated 16.79
Single 27.76
Marital status
Married Separated Single
Figure 2: A pie Chart of Marital Status

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
Table 8:Level of education
Variable %
High school and below 27.29
College 28.57
Undergraduate 24.43
Past undergraduate 19.71
27.29
28.57
24.43
19.71
% Level of education
High school and below College
Undergraduate Past undergraduate
Figure 3: A Pie Chart of level of education
Table 9:High stress
Variable %
Good sleepers 27
Poor sleepers 65
c. Result Analysis and summary
i. The expected results

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
This study contributed to the growing literature concerned by the stress of
employees and poor-quality sleep. (8) The area of sleep quality has not been
effectively explored with most research either using insufficient samples to
generalize or rely on convenience samples. This study however has focused on
the full time IT employees hence drawing on a large sample to make specific
conclusions to the IT field. The observations can be generalized that those
who get enough sleep often have minimal stress. The analysis put good
sleepers at 27% when it comes to probability of suffering from high stress,
while the poor sleepers have a 65% probability of high stress. (2) The relation
between work stress and the quality of sleep is more complicated than
imagined. The findings that prove that role conflict and work overload are
associated with poor sleep are backed by other studies conducted in national
contexts. (12)
ii. Result Summary
Having proven that quality sleep can improve the employees’ performance,
the employers need to take on measures that may assist their workforce to
improve their sleep quality. (10) one way of initiating this is to solve
employees stress that is originating from work. There exist several sleep
programs whish the employers can encourage their workers to enroll in. this is
more useful especially for the workers who find it hard to initiate or maintain
quality sleep. Even though many programs are more concerned with exercise
and nutrition there are others designed to assist those with sleeping issues. (4)
The programs can advise the employees on the benefits of sleep as well as
lifestyles to maintain as a way of improving the sleep quality. Employers by
addressing this pressing issue will not only boost the overall employees’
productivity but also show care for their welfare. This is a way of also
increasing the employees’ loyalty. With this research people can now find a
basis for taking up cause of sleep health in their private lives as well as trigger
the topic of sleep health in the workplace. (1)
d. Outline of the Experiment and Analysis of Results
a) Data collection
i. Data sources
ii. Data storage
b) Designing and Implementation

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
i. Pre-Processing of Data
ii. Dimension Reduction
iii. Experiment design
iv. Experiment implementation records.
c) Result Analysis and summary
i. The expected results
ii. Result Summary

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA
References
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of Life. Horizons Workforce Consulting; February 2015. Available from:
https://solutionsatwork.brighthorizons.com/~/media/BH/SAW/PDFs/Consulting/
2015-HWC-Sleep-Study.ashx
2. Akerstedt T. Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. Occupational
Medicine. 2003;53:89–94.
3. Akerstedt T, Knutsson A, Westerholm P, Theorell T, Alfredsson L, Kecklund G. Sleep
disturbances, work stress and work hours: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic
Research. 2002b;53:741–748.
4. Aneshensel CS, Frerichs RR, Clark VA, Yokopenic PA. Measuring depression in the
community: A comparison of telephone and personal interviews. The Public Opinion
Quarterly. 1982;46:110–121.
5. Barron D. The analysis of count data: Overdispersion and
autocorrelation. Sociological Methodology. 1992;22:179–220.
6. Belkic KL, Landsbergis PA, Schnall PL, Baker D. Is job strain a major source of cardiovascular
disease risk? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. 2004;30:85–128.
7. Cropanzano R, Goldman BM, Benson L., III . Organizational justice. In: Barling J, Kelloway EK,
Frone MR, editors. Handbook of work stress. Sage; Thousand Oaks, CA: 2005. pp. 63–87.
8. Ducharme LJ, Martin JK. Unrewarding work, coworker support, and job satisfaction:
A test of the buffering hypothesis. Work & Occupations. 2000;27:223–243.
9. Edell-Gustafsson UM, Kritz EI, Bogren IK. Self-reported sleep quality, strain and health in
relation to perceived working conditions in females. Scandinavian Journal of Caring
Sciences. 2002;16:179–187.
10. Gislason T, Almqvist M. Somatic diseases and sleep complaints. Acta Medica
Scandinavica. 1987;221:475–481
11. Leigh JP. Employee and job attributes as predictors of absenteeism in a national sample of
workers. Social Science & Medicine. 1991;33:127–137.
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bad outcomes. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1990;31:71–86.

How the quality of sleep affects the stress level of IT employees in USA