IoT Smart Garbage Monitoring System: Implementation and Analysis

This project report details the development of a smart garbage monitoring system designed to address waste management challenges in urban environments. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller, an ultrasonic sensor to measure fill levels, and a Wi-Fi module (NodeMCU) for data transmission to a mobile application via the Blynk platform. The project's background highlights the inefficiencies of traditional waste management and proposes an IoT-based solution to optimize waste collection routes and reduce fuel consumption. The report includes a problem statement emphasizing the growing solid waste generation in Sri Lanka and proposes the use of available Wi-Fi hotspots for improved waste management. The system's components, including the Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), and necessary libraries (DHT.h, NewPing.h, SoftwareSerial.h), are described. The implementation details, including the Fritzing diagram and flow diagram, are provided. The report also addresses challenges faced during implementation, such as sensor selection and data transmission issues, and the solutions employed. The limitations of the system, including the reliance on internet connectivity and the need for security enhancements, are discussed. The project aims to provide a creative and productive solution for smart cities and other environments where efficient waste management is crucial.

Acknowledgment
In accomplishing our project a success we sincerely thank to Dr.chandana Perera for his
direction, checking and support over the span of the IOT module As well as Dr. Rasika
Ranaweera for their valuable time on us . we thank all of them who helped our project to
make it a success and hope to develop it much further with the knowledge gain under the IOT
module.
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Contents
Acknowledgment...................................................................................................................................1
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................3
Project Background...............................................................................................................................4
Problem Statement and Proposed Solution..........................................................................................5
Fritzing Diagram of the smart garbage bin............................................................................................7
Flow diagram.........................................................................................................................................7
Devices Used.........................................................................................................................................8
Arduino UNO.....................................................................................................................................8
Ultrasonic sensor...............................................................................................................................9
code implementation for smart bin.....................................................................................................10
Mobile application interfaces..............................................................................................................12
Problems faced & solution taken........................................................................................................13
Limitations...........................................................................................................................................14
References...........................................................................................................................................15
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Abstract
In today's world, garbage cans in cities are overflowing due to a rise in waste production.
Many stinking and sewage issues contribute to poor hygienic conditions, which can lead to
deadly diseases and human illness. To prevent this, we built a "Smart Garbage Monitoring
System" that can solve the problem in a creative and productive manner. Smart Buildings,
Cities, Colleges, Hospitals, Public Spaces, and Bus Stops will all benefit from this concept.
Each trash can is fitted with a smart device that senses the trash can's level and transmits the
garbage/trash level to a mobile app, allowing users to take immediate action to clean the trash
can once it is complete. The device consists of an Ultra Sonic Sensor, Arduino Uno and Wi-
Fi module.
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Project Background
These days, The majority of our issues about our surroundings have been solid waste
management, which has an effect on our society's health and climate. One of the first
challenges of this period is the identification, control, and management of wastes. The
traditional method of manually tracking waste in waste bins is a time-consuming process that
requires more human effort, time, and money, both of which can be avoided with today's
technologies. So, for a smart lifestyle, cleanliness is important, and cleanliness starts with the
garbage can. This project would assist in the elimination or reduction of the garbage disposal
epidemic. The internet of Things (IoT) is a recent communication paradigm that envisions a
near future in which everyday objects will be equipped with microcontrollers, data
communication transceivers, and appropriate protocol stacks that will enable them to interact
with each other and with users, enabling them to become an integral part of the web. This is
often our approach, a form of waste management that is automated. This is our Internet of
Things Garbage Monitoring system, a creative way to keep communities safe and secure. The
idea came to us when we noticed that the garbage truck used to go around the town twice a
day collecting solid waste. Despite the fact that this method was thorough, it was ineffective.
For example, street A might be a busy street, and we would notice that the trash cans fill up
quickly, while street B's bin isn't even half full after two days. Our system provides a real-
time measure of the amount of trash in a trashcan at any given time. We can then use the
knowledge to refine waste collection routes and, as a result, reduce fuel consumption. It
enables trash collectors to prepare their daily/weekly consumption schedules.
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Problem Statement and Proposed Solution
Any person who screens what number of material things they heave in the trash can once
multi day is somewhat aware of how much waste they make. This is surely not a fun
development to partake in, and let's face it—other than the particular earth conscious—by far
most don't check their waste, nor do they direct it. In sri lanka, this is spreading a waste crisis,
which is the purpose behind different common issues and general medicinal issues. Sri
Lankan's quick money related improvement has realized an impressive augmentation in solid
waste age in urban core interests. Urban domains in Sri Lanka alone produce more than
100,000 metric tremendous measures of solid waste each day, which is higher than various
countries' finished step by step waste age.
Usually, regions take a shot at without fail courses to get refuse and recyclables on allocated
days, paying little regard to whether the compartments are full or not. In additions further
sullying in view of the extension fuel use
here are at present in excess of 31,000 open Wi-Fi hotspots presented in Sri Lanka, as shown
by industry measures, and the number is depended upon to create past 202,000 by 2019. Sri
Lanka encounters both inefficient waste framework and extending rates of solid waste age
per capita, because of some degree to the country's organization part decided monetary
improvement. This demonstrates a circumstance where the two issues of organization quality
and waste sum ought to be managed together. This is a stand-out condition that making Asian
countries like India are being gone facing with and in that limit its answers ought to in like
manner be extraordinary and astute. So why not use those open Wi-Fi hotspots for better
waste organization reliant on Internet of Things (IoT). Another national measurement action
went for improved waste organization is the Smart Cities mission under which 100 urban
networks will be outfitted with colossal sponsoring to improve city organizations structure.
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Our undertaking intends to streamline waste social affair and in the long run decrease fuel
usage. This endeavour will be useful where Wi-Fi hotspots are expeditiously available like
motels and strip malls, restaurants, cafés, and retail outlet, school/foundation premises, plane
terminals, railroad stations, etc. This will course streamlining which will reduce the number
of treks of the landfill trucks hereafter less traffic will be made and less toxin surges will be
released into the air. Similarly, it will keep those spots free of flooding deny compartments
and this will decidedly influence the movement business.
The venture comprises of a Wi-Fi based sensors introduced in the holder cover. Every bin
will have a one of a kind ID in order to know to which territory the compartment has a place.
The sensor estimates the holder filling level utilizing ultrasonic innovation, temperature
utilizing temperature sensor and intermittently transmits all caught data to the blynk. The
gadget can "talk" to the waste administration organization and along these lines can disclose
to them whether the holder is at full limit, when it should be discharged, what temperature the
compartment is at, and that's just the beginning, enabling the sanitation pros to work all the
more productively and cut superfluous expenses. Moreover, the sensors can enable the
organization to conjecture when a dumpster will be full, enabling them to prepare future
courses more over the bin is contain with a smart lid when the people come near to the bin to
put garbage the lid automatically opens and close.
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Fritzing Diagram of the smart garbage bin
Flow diagram
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Devices Used
Arduino UNO
It's an Atmega328-based microcontroller board produced by Arduino.cc.
Electronic devices are becoming more lightweight, flexible, and inexpensive,
allowing them to perform more functions than their predecessors, who took
up more space, were more expensive, and could only perform a small number
of functions. Experts are constantly striving to implement automation
advancement that needs the least amount of work and produces the most
results. The microcontroller was introduced into the electronics industry with
the intention of simplifying tasks that involve a remote link or automation in
some way. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems,
allowing them to operate according to our needs. With a USB interface, 14
digital I/O pins, 6 analog pins, and an Atmega328 microcontroller, the Arduino
Uno is a very useful addition to the electronics world. It also has Tx and Rx pins
for serial communication.
Ultrasonic sensor
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor
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Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and Ground are the pin names for the four pins on the
sensor module. This sensor is widely used in a variety of applications that
include measuring distance or sensing objects. The Ultrasonic transmitter and
receiver are formed by two eye-like projects on the front of the module. The
sensor is based on a basic formula.
Distance = Speed × Time
The Ultrasonic transmitter sends out an ultrasonic wave, which passes through
the air and is reflected back toward the sensor when it hits some material. The
Ultrasonic receiver module senses this reflected wave, as shown in the
diagram below.
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code implementation for smart bin
In this project, following libraries have been used to make the smart bin. DHT.h have been used
to calculating humidity and temperature , NewPing.h is great library to get accurate readings from
the ultra-sonic sensor and SoftwareSerial.h
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Mobile application interfaces
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