Smart Technology for Health: Literature Review and Personal Reflection

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This report reviews the role of smart technology in promoting healthy living.

LITERATURE REVIEW REPORT
TASK 2
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Table of Contents
Topic: Role of smart technology to promote healthy life..................................................................3
Literature review.................................................................................................................................3
Personal reflection...............................................................................................................................6
References............................................................................................................................................8
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Topic: Role of smart technology to promote healthy life
Literature review:
According to the view of Hossain, et. al., (2018), every person learns about themselves and
the more it is learnt the more it is possible to bring significant change in one’s lives and make
it healthier. Data collection and analysis helps to know better about the current lifestyle of
people and what changes are required to improve their lifestyle. It also tells about the diet
people are taking and how the environment affects our health and also how can our immunity
be made strong to keep us safe from diseases.
Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart diseases and diabetes can be prevented by
adopting a healthy lifestyle and intelligent health systems as they control poor health systems
and reminds of what change one has to bring in their lifestyle. Technology can help one to
bring change and move towards a healthy life. The use of several mobile applications is one
such example.
Traditional healthcare is not able to meet the growing needs of people as the lives of the
growing population has changed and there is less time to particularly focus on health. So,
there is a need for smart healthcare technology so that people can be kept aware of their
current health conditions and can implement change as and when required.
From the perspective of health, there is the development of a number of mobile applications
and other protocols which can measure various health-related issues like heart rate, pulse rate,
steps, etc. These applications are health monitoring and keep a record of one's phases
regarding health change (Hossain, et. al., 2018).
As opined by Nasri, et. al., (2017) almost in every country the population has now relied
more on high technology regarding their day to day lifestyle. With the advancement of
technology, the quality of life has improved. There has been also an increase in the use of
smart appliances which enable physical manifestations which is centrally based on digital
sensors. For example, several applications are available which can be accessed and the steps
taken in a particular day shall be counted through sensors. Further, there are also use of
actuators which are also based on sensors to perform the assigned functions.
Health is the centre of care for everyone but unfortunately, due to rise in diseases and chronic
illness the demands of hospitals and nurses have increased and there has been immense
pressure on minds of people regarding maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. So, there is a need
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for an immediate solution which can manage the health issues of people. The Internet of
Things or IoT is one of the solutions which can be adapted to solve prevailing health
problems as it will reduce the pressure on health care systems. Similarly, remote well-being
monitoring can be applied to less critical patients in order to lessen the burden on hospitals
and doctors.
The Internet of Things has proved to be helpful in various fields for specific purposes like
diabetes management, rehabilitation of patients and many more. When these actuators and
sensors are combined together into one single appliance, there is the formation of a new
device which is called ‘smart appliances.' These smart appliances are used in healthcare
techniques in order to digitalize this field and perform quality and exclusive work. (Nasri, et.
al., 2017).
According to the view of Amendola, et. al., (2014), the needs and requirements are changing
time to time and to continue with the pace of changing needs, there is also need of developing
high-tech resources or else one would be lagged behind. There is development in medical
technology and theories of medical science which have improved the nutritional level and
standard of people. And so traditional methods such as the use of audios and videos for
therapy has been out-dated and there has been the emergence of new techniques. One such
example is the use of 5G Tactile Internet which can cognize and identify movements and can
transfer movements of humans through 5G wireless networks.
Hence, it can be recognized that from the perspective of healthcare three different domains
where computer and 5G technology can be utilized can be identified, which are physical
healthcare, psychological healthcare and analysis of medicines. The use of 5G technology in
ensuring better healthcare services to patients will help in creating awareness among the
population to be health conscious and it will also help in treating the patients with the best
technology available (Amendola, et. al., 2014).
As per the viewpoint of Vashist, et. al., (2014), there are three technological characteristics
and features of 5G technology can be seen. They are first, it is highly reliable. Secondly it has
no or very less latency that is this technology is beyond merely visible manifestation and
lastly, it has the ability to support many devices and sensors simultaneously. 5G technology is
helpful in the healthcare field because it facilitates communication from doctors to patients
and feedbacks from patients to doctors. Further, it also helps in connecting medical devices
and monitoring of equipment. There is sometimes a need for continuous monitoring of the
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patients who are in critical conditions and so the use of advanced technology helps doctors to
keep an observation over the patients. Similarly, home care devices are also developed which
can give a highly personalized diagnosis experience to the patients. Also, it has been stated
that 5G technology facilitates the internet of things in many ways. For example, it enhances
data rates via broadband so that a large amount of data can be transferred in very less time. It
is also suitable for missions where the condition is critical. It has the ability to connect to a
massive number of sensors. It gives high security, for example, it has biometric identification
which helps in protecting and safeguarding information (Vashist, et. al., 2014).
As per the view of Chen, et. al., (2018), 5G technology helps in preventing diabetes and also
enhancing the post-hospitalization treatment of this disease. 5G smart diabetes is having its
process under three heads namely first, sensing layer, then personalized diagnosis layer and
data sharing a layer. Under the first layer, the patient's blood sample is collected, the diet is
analysed, physical information and smart clothing through which the patient's body signals
like blood oxygen and the temperature is measured. Under the second layer that is of sense,
the patient's collected samples are analysed and utilisation of modern machine methods are
done to build efficient personalised experience (Chen, et. al., 2018).
According to the view presented by Nasri and Mtibaa (2017), the issue of remaining healthy
is becoming challenging for both the government and the individuals. To deal with the health
problems spreading amongst aged people has become more challenging for the existing
medical system. Due to an increase in workload, there is an increase in the level of fatigue
which may even result in heart diseases and a drop of oxygen in the body. So, to deal with
such problems advancement in medical systems is done in order to keep observation on the
ongoing activity. Mobile applications are also designed to keep a record of patient's data
which can be subsequently analysed when required. Similarly, a wireless body sensor
network is another way of engaging different technologies at different levels. Through this
various diagnosis can be done at the same time and a number of tests can be conducted in
order to determine blood sugar, heart rate, etc (Nasri and Mtibaa, 2017).
As per the view of Chen, et. al., (2016), new and advanced technology in the field of health
care has taken this field towards a new era. The emergence of new and high technologies
makes it possible to gather data from any person anywhere. Smart healthcare not only
provides advanced clinical assistance but also stores data and physiological information of
the patients. Smart healthcare also enables to connect with external resources and also to
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inform the clinician about the patient’s current condition and what is the extent of recovery.
There are some major tasks which are to be carried out by smart health care. They are the
prevention of disease which is to be done on a daily basis, diagnosis of disease daily and
clinically and treatment of disease clinically and daily. These tasks are to be carried out
sequentially and in a particular manner.
Healthcare systems are called ‘smart’ when they have the ability to take the right decision at
the right time. It has given a very broad and wide approach to medical practitioners to use the
best of available techniques and resources and give the best outcome (Chen, et. al., 2016).
According to Thayananthan and Basuhail, (2017), apart from diagnosis being smart,
medicines are also undergoing transformation due to advance in computer and network
technologies. Healthcare has also undergone a transformation and it has broadened its scope.
Rather than being confined to hospitals and being reactive, it has changed to personalized and
preventive. It has transformed from disease-focused to well-being (Thayananthan and
Basuhail, 2017).
In view of Baig (2013), there is a rise in the cost of hospitals and also patient care. Health
monitoring systems are now smart rather than being traditional. Smart systems include
wearable health monitoring system, remote health monitoring system and mobile health
monitoring system. Wearable health monitoring systems include sensors on wearables and
they are integrated into the garment fabric. The remote monitoring system is used when there
is a separation of health professionals and patients due to distance. It uses electronic
information as its communication technology to enhance healthcare quality. Mobile
monitoring is a server-based technology in which agents develop the patient's data.
Wireless technology has helped a far way in delivering quality care service though there is
need of a more secure system which will keep the data confidential and secure. The main
norms of the monitoring system of the patient include efficiency and effectiveness, reliability,
and awareness of the facts. Apart from having advantages of advanced monitoring systems,
there are also certain drawbacks of having such systems, for example, the patients are fitted
on beds with high tech equipment and monitoring devices (Baig, et. al. 2013).
Personal reflection:
Hence, while preparing the project I have observed that there has been a change in the
lifestyles of people as they have become more health conscious and everyone is centrally
focussing on remaining healthy. People who are suffering from diseases such as diabetes,
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heart disease are also taking measures to cure disease and live a healthy lifestyle. Medical
practitioners and professionals have moved forward in the way of technology and have
adopted high tech monitoring systems to treat the patients. The use of smart health
applications on mobile devices has also increased so that a continuous observation of
activities can be done. 5G technology is used in curing diseases such diabetes and this
technology has proved to be faster and more accurate in collecting and analysing the data of
the patient. And also, the internet of things and its use has increased in the past few years
which has helped in corroborating many devices in order to achieve a better outcome.
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References
 Amendola, S., Lodato, R., Manzari, S., Occhiuzzi, C. and Marrocco, G., 2014. RFID
technology for IoT-based personal healthcare in smart spaces. IEEE Internet of things
journal, Vol. 1(2). Pp. 144-152.
 Baig, M.M. and Gholamhosseini, H., 2013. Smart health monitoring systems: an
overview of design and modelling. Journal of medical systems Vol.37(2). Pp. 9898.
 Chen, M., Ma, Y., Song, J., Lai, C.F. and Hu, B., 2016. Smart clothing: Connecting
human with clouds and big data for sustainable health monitoring. Mobile Networks
and Applications Vol. 21(5). Pp. 825-845.
 Chen, M., Yang, J., Zhou, J., Hao, Y., Zhang, J. and Youn, C.H., 2018. 5G-smart
diabetes: toward personalized diabetes diagnosis with healthcare big data
clouds. IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56(4). Pp. 16-23.
 Hossain, M.S., Xu, C., Li, Y., Bilbao, J. and El Saddik, A., 2018. Advances in Next-
Generation Networking Technologies for Smart Healthcare. IEEE Communications
Magazine Vol. 56(4). Pp. 14-15.
 Nasri, F. and Mtibaa, A., 2017. Smart mobile healthcare system based on WBSN and
5G. IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
Vol. 8(10). Pp. 147-156.
 Thayananthan, V. and Basuhail, A., 2017. Integration of Wearable Smart Sensor for
Improving e-Healthcare. Integration, Vol. 8(12). Pp. 389-395.
 Vashist, S., Schneider, E. and Luong, J., 2014. Commercial smartphone-based devices
and smart applications for personalized healthcare monitoring and management.
Diagnostics Vol. 4(3). Pp. 104-128.
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