Smart Home Systems with IoT Technology: Applications and Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive overview of smart home systems and their integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It begins with an introduction to the increasing popularity of smart homes and the role of smartphones, microcontrollers, and IoT devices in controlling and monitoring home functions. The report details various smart home applications, including smart lighting, appliances, security systems, and remote-controlled devices. It explores the advantages of smart homes, such as energy efficiency and convenience, while also addressing potential issues. The architecture of IoT smart homes is explained, along with the integration of cloud computing for enhanced data exchange and remote accessibility. The report also discusses event processing in IoT smart homes and implementation aspects. Furthermore, the report highlights the future of smart home devices and their potential impact on lifestyles. The report also includes an abstract, table of contents, discussion on smart home overview, IoT overview, smart home applications, benefits, issues, architecture, cloud computing, event processing, implementation and conclusion.

Running head: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

1INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Project Title: Smart Home Systems underlined with IoT technology
Abstract
The smart homes in this technological world has gained much popularity in last ten years and
that has increased the comforts and the quality of human life. Most of the system of smart homes
are being controlled by the smartphones, microcontrollers and IoT devices. The application of
smart phones helps to control as well as monitor the functions of home by integrating the service
of IoT and cloud computing. This integration has helped the system to embed intelligent sensors
and system, networking the smart things with proper use of technology and helps to facilitate
interactions with the smart things using cloud computing. Implementation of cloud computing in
different devices of smart home helps to access the devices from different locations and helps to
increase the computation power along with storage space and improve the efficiency of data
exchange. IoT is the emerging technology that helps to make the life smarter and the world gets
connected using the IoT devices. This report explains different IoT smart home things such as
automatic lighting, different home appliances, computer systems, Security cameras and remote
controlled curtains and air conditioners for making a home smart. Advantages and issues of
smart home devices are also elaborated in this report that provides an idea about the security that
smart home devices provides to the users. Different application of IoT and architecture of smart
home devices are explained in this report. This report also states the future of smart home
devices and how those devices will change the lifestyle of people.

2INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Table of Contents
Project Title.....................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Discussion....................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Smart Home Overview..........................................................................................................3
2.2 Overview of Internet of Things.............................................................................................5
2.3 Smart Home Applications and functions...............................................................................7
2.4 Benefits of smart home..........................................................................................................9
2.5 Issues of smart home...........................................................................................................11
2.6 Architecture of IoT smart home..........................................................................................12
2.7 Including cloud computing in IoT smart home...................................................................14
2.8 Event processing in IoT smart homes..................................................................................14
2.9 Implementation and practical aspects of IoT smart homes.................................................16
3. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................17
References......................................................................................................................................20

3INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
1. Introduction
With modern and smart trend of advancement in technology, people expects invention of
new devices to make their life easy on daily basis. Researchers are always trying to invent new
devices to satisfy the needs of the people and this process is infinite. Back in 1990, companies
and the consumer markets started making use of internet but there was a limit in its use because
of poor performance of the network connectivity (Sivanathan et al., 2016). By 2000, connectivity
of Internet was made normal for many applications and internet is used daily in today’s business
and organizations. The devices used in companies for industrial use requires interaction from
human and monitoring of those devices are done through applications and interfaces. To
eliminate the human interaction, IoT (Internet of Things) devices are used to establish a
connection with the network.
The main objective of IoT is connecting the physical devices over a network to establish
communication between each other. IoT is includes in the devices to eliminate the human
interaction from the network. IoT includes a network of the computer systems and real life
objects that interact with each other. The real life objects of IoT includes devices such as mobile
devices, smart vehicles, smart home appliances and other such things those are used in daily life.
The networks used in smart IoT devices communication through standard protocols.
IoT devices can be implemented in different situation such as in factories, laboratories,
health care system and in homes. With the development of information technology, changed
socio economic structure, changes in householder structure and improves security of networks,
the demand of home automation has increased (Geneiatakis et al., 2017). Home automation with
the IoT devices includes secured home environment, increased comfort, and efficiency

4INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
requirements of the devices. The devices used in network are to be accessible to the user all the
time irrespective of location of the user. The user using the IoT device will be able to control the
device, and monitor it from anywhere and anytime the user wants to.
This report includes details of smart homes which are automated buildings with different
installed devices such as security systems, ventilation, lighting and air controlling features in it.
Smart homes includes smart switches and smart control systems that helps to control the homes
from anywhere and anytime by the user. This report states different smart home IoT devices
those are used to make the house automated and explains the architecture of IoT smart home to
get a detailed explanation about the working of those devices. This report will also explain IoT
devices along with cloud computing and systems those helps to process the events in the IoT
devices.
2. Discussion
2.1 Smart Home Overview
Smart homes includes residential extension of the building automation and includes
controlling process and the automation process of the embedded technologies in smart homes.
Smart homes defines a home that has different appliances, heating controlling, remote controlled
fans, lighting, computer systems, security cameras, air conditioners and all other devices those
can be controlled remotely by the users (Simpson et al., 2017). The system in smart homes is
capable of communicating with each other and has the accessibility to control them remotely by
the time schedule, internet and phone numbers. The systems mainly consists of smart switches
and smart sensors that can be connected to the central hub and that is controlled by the residents

5INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
of the house. The central hub is mainly controlled by wall mounted terminals or by mobile units
connected tp the cloud service of internet.
The devices in smart home are energy efficient, provides security, has low operating
costs and are very convenient for using. Installing the smart products provides convenience as
well as helps to save power, energy and also saves the money of users. The smart home devices
are adaptive as well as adjustable for meeting the ongoing changes needed by the home
members. The infrastructure of smart homes are flexible and can integrate with different devices
and provides different providers and standards (Apthorpe et al., 2017). The architecture of smart
home devices measures the home conditioning, process the devices data or information, utilizes
the sensors microcontrollers to measure the condition of home and also monitors all the devices
used in the system. The smart home with IoT devices has gained popularity is increasing in a
good pace. Using smart home devices has become a part of modern world and also has reduced
the cost of using different technologies for doing single work.
The services that are used in smart homes are
1. Measuring the condition of home that is it measures the temperature, proximity as well
as the humidity and light of home.
2. Managing the appliances of home and host them to cloud infrastructure.
3. Control of home access that includes technologies for accessing doors of the house.
The main components those are used for managing the IoT devices are sensors,
processors, set of software components, actuators and database for storing the data. The below
figure shows the paradigm of the smart home with cloud connectivity.

6INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Figure 1: Paradigm of smart home
(Source: Sivaraman et al., 2016)
2.2 Overview of Internet of Things
The paradigm of IoT states devices connected with internet and communication is
established within the devices and the internet (Meidan et al., 2019). The devices are objects
those includes sensors, actuators, interface of tele-communication, processing units, different
software application and have limited storage. This helps to enable integration of objects on the
internet and establish interaction between the users and the smart devices those are used by the
users. The main technology of IoT consists of RFID (Radio Frequency identification)
technology, sensing technology and includes intelligence technology. The technology of RFID is
the main foundation as well as the networking process that constructs the IoT devices. The
processing capability and the communication capability of RFID along with different unique
algorithms has allowed the technology to have integrate different elements to work as a single
integrated unit. The technology also provides easy addition as well as removal of the components

7INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
having less impact and makes the IoT device more robust and flexible to change as per the
environment and as per the preferences of the users. RFID technology in the IoT devices uses
JSON for minimizing the bandwidth which is a lightweight version of XML. JSON is used in
RFID for connecting internal components and helps in external messaging.
The main objective of IoT includes anything, anyone, any kind of service and any type of
network those are used in establishing connection. The below figure 2 establishes the objective
of IoT that states that the users of IoT devices and the devices are connected anytime and
anyplace using any network and any type of service.
Figure 2: Objective of IoT
(Source: Datta et al., 2018)

8INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
There are lot of technologies of IoT those are used by people to establish communication
with non-living things. The technologies those are used by in IoT includes pervasive computing,
internet technologies, embedded device, ICT, and sensors or actuators. The physical components
of IoT are sensors, actuators and embedded systems. Internet protocols in IoT are used for
creating communication with the devices and manages the interaction with the end users (Zheng
et al., 2018). The components of IoT architecture includes three functional units including
internet oriented, things oriented and semantic oriented. Internet oriented states the internet and
the technologies and is the middle ware between the IoT devices and the users. Things oriented
represents the sensors and the actuators which responds to stimuli in environment. Semantic
oriented includes intelligent process stating the knowledge based process and the process of
decision making.
2.3 Smart Home Applications and functions
Some of applications those are used in smart homes are described in this section.
1. Smart Lighting: Smart lighting in smart homes is usually used for saving the energy
that can be achieved by adapting the light to ambient condition. Smart lighting includes
switching off/on the lights or dimming them whenever necessary or as per the need of the users.
This helps to save the electrical energy and also reduces the cost with energy saving (Agrawal et
al., 2020). Smart lighting can be implemented with using LED and lights which are IP enabled.
The smart light mainly works by sensing temperature, occupancy and the LUX level in
environment.
2. Smart appliances: The smart applications used in smart homes helps to gather the
information status of the appliances and helps to control the appliance easily from the room or

9INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
from outside the room. Smart appliances in smart homes helps to schedule the tasks setting
predefined time and used for integrating the appliance in the smart home. The appliance helps to
save energy and time of the user.
3. Intrusion detection: Detection of intrusion is mainly used for alerting the users via
email and through text messages. Applications of detecting of intrusion is also used for sending
detailed report with the images or with audio clips to the residents of the house. Main objective
of the application helps to monitor the suspected activities in home and alerts the users to take
action for securing the network.
4. Gas detection: The application is mainly used to sense the environment of the mart
home so that the users have a healthy living and also the environment of the home is secured.
Application used to detect the gas is mainly used for detecting the optical, ionization as well as
uses for air sampling technique. This application can raise alert to nearby fire station if the house
is on fire and detects smoke and alerts the users through email informing about the health risks of
the users.
System of smart home consists of applications built on the IoT infrastructure. The
functions that the application of smart home includes.
1. Alert: The alert system is used in smart home. The systems in smart home senses the
environment and alarms the residents of the house on the devices on which they are registered or
have account (Davis et al., 2020). The alert in the smart homes consists information related to
environmental data. The information for which the user gets alarm is different levels of gas in the
home environment, the temperature of the house, light intensity and humidity of the
environment. For getting alert, the users may set a time and alert is sent to users on regular basis.

10INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
2. Monitoring: Monitoring the home is considered as an important function for the smart
home. The smart home is capable to monitor the surrounding using different sensors and cameras
installed in the smart house. Monitoring the activities helps to keep a track on the activities
which is the primary need to take any decision or actions in the house. Example includes
monitoring the temperature of house and alerting the residents of the house to switch on or off
the air conditioner to regulate the temperature of the house.
3. Controlling: Controlling includes controlling different activities of smart home. The
activities of smart home are controlled by the users and those activities might include switching
on the lights, regulating the air conditioners, and switching off/on the appliances used in the
smart home. The controlling activities also includes locking and unlocking the doors, opening
and closing of windows and other such things. The users of smart home can control the things
from a place or from a remote place. Controlling of devices helps users to automate the activities
such as switching off/on the ACs when the temperature is low.
4. Intelligence: Intelligence function is also known as Home Intelligence and this is the
most significant function of the smart home. This states the intelligent behavior of the
environment of smart home. The function is automatically related by making decisions that
occurs in different events. Intelligence mainly depends on the AI (Artificial Intelligence) that is
built on smart home environment and it provides security to the home.
2.4 Benefits of smart home
The smart home system provides a number of advantages to the users (Nguyen et al.,
2020). For this advantages only new flats are being converted to smart homes to be more
convenient and flexible. The advantages of smart home to the users are:

11INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
1. Easy to lock door and unlock them: The biggest concern of a house is to have security
and system of smart home provides the user security of the house. Locks in the gate are not at all
secure for house and there might also be a risk of losing the keys of the house. So, the smart
home security system helps to secure the door lock without any headache of keeping the keys
successfully. With the door security system, the user can have security of the house (Sivanathan
et al., 2017). The user can operate the door of the house even when the user is not in the house.
This is the most convenient feature that door security system provides the user in smart home
system.
2. Saving energy: The main concern of the user is saving the energy of the house and thus
smart home have gain popularity as latest trend. Using the convenient devices in the smart homes
and the smart electronic gadgets, the energy consumption of the devices will be low and there
will be no wastage of energy. Using the smart home system, the users can save the energy have
no wastage of energy. The application and the devices gets turn off after there is being completed
in the smart home.
3. Knowing of maintenance and service: The devices and the appliances used in smart
homes needs servicing from time to time and when the devices needs servicing to maintain its
performance, the user gets alert in advance. The smart home system alerts the user about their
maintenance needs and thus the user can take care of the appliances used in the smart home.
4. Customizing the system as per user convenience: The users also has the accessibility to
customize those system as per the convenience (Simpson et al., 2017). As per the users, they can
set the alarm or set detection time or switch off/on the devices and that makes the smart devices
more user convenient. If the user wants to increase the temperature of the AC , decrease the
temperature of the AC, switch off/on the light, open/close doors or windows or turn off the water