Universiti Teknologi MARA, EMD6M6A: Smart Car Parking Sensor System

This project report details the development of a "Smart Car Parking Sensor System" by students at Universiti Teknologi MARA. The project, undertaken for the Applied Electronics and Microprocessor course (MEC523), involves the design and implementation of a car parking sensor using an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller, an ultrasonic distance sensor, a piezo buzzer, and an LCD 16x2 display. The system utilizes the ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance to an object, simulating a car's proximity to the end of a parking space. The project includes a description of the components, a flowchart of the programming logic, a circuit diagram, and the Arduino code. The results section presents the sensor's ability to detect objects and trigger the buzzer at varying distances, displayed on the LCD screen. The report also discusses the project's objectives, which include improving parking systems, ensuring cars occupy single parking spaces, and alerting drivers to the distance from the parking space's end. The project was simulated using Tinkercad software and concludes with an assessment of the system's effectiveness and potential benefits for drivers and parking management, emphasizing the use of Arduino and digital simulation.

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, SHAH ALAM
PROGRAMME : EM220
COURSE CODE : MEC 523
CLASS : EMD6M6A
LECTURER : DR. TS. ROZINA ABDUL RANI
APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR
“SMART CAR PARKING SENSOR SYSTEM”
MUHAMMAD ANAS BIN AZAHAR 2018292118
MUHAMMAD FARITH NAZREEN BIN ABU SAMAH 2018402774
MOHD ARIFF BIN JOHAR 2018292012
DATE OF SUBMITTED: 6TH JULY 2020

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TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURE ii
INTRODUCTION 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE 2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND DETAILS 3
FLOWCHART PROGRAMMING 7
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 8
CODING 9
RESULT 11
DISCUSSION 12
CONCLUSION 14
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE 1: Arduino Uno R3 3
FIGURE 2: Breadboard 3
FIGURE 3: Ultrasonic Distance Sensor 4
FIGURE 4: Piezo Speaker (Buzzer) 4
FIGURE 5: Jumper Wire 5
FIGURE 6: LCD 16 x 2 5
FIGURE 7: 250kΩ Potentiometer 6
FIGURE 8: 330Ω Resistor 6
FIGURE 9: Flowchart Programming 7
FIGURE 10: Circuit Diagram 8
FIGURE 11: Out of Ultrasonic Distance Sensors Sight 11
FIGURE 12: In the Ultrasonic Distance Sensors Sight 11

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1. INTRODUCTION
One of the most important skills of any car owner is parking his or her vehicle is a safe manner.
In the past, it required a combination of skillful turning of the wheels and knowing how to use
the rear view and side mirrors. Today, however, doing a parallel park or reverse park is so
much easier with the development of parking sensors. These technologies allow drivers to
maneuver their vehicles is a safer way without ever hitting anybody of anything else.
Parking sensors are very useful technologies. The alert the driver of the vehicle about potential
obstacles while parking. These sensors are often placed at the rear bumper of the vehicle.
However, for this project, the system of parking sensors will be installed in the parking area
which will placed in parking mall and it delivers sound wave frequencies in the direction of the
car’s movement. As such, if users parking in reverse, the system sends out signals towards the
back of the car. Any signal returned will trigger an alarm to notify the driver the distance of
the car to the end of the parking. Driver can either apply the brakes or go easy on the power.
For this task, student will use the simulation from THINKERCAD and ARDUINO for make
the simulation of parking sensors as the current situation

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2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Nowadays, the amount of people visited the shopping mall are increase day by day. From there,
the group that use their own transport such as car are higher than group use the public transport.
So that, the system parking in the mall must be systemic to ensure the car parking at right box
provided and do not parking at two boxes of parking. To avoid this problem, the smart car
parking sensor are created to ensure the parking area are in systematic and easier the customer
to parking their car at right places. This system recommended the user to reverse parking. This
system also helps the driver by show the distance of back car to the end of box. It helps the
driver to avoid their car from get in other box parking area.
3. OBJECTIVES
 To apply the Arduino circuit into digital simulation by using Tinkercad software.
 To improve the parking system in the mall
 To ensure a car only use a box of parking area in the mall
 To alert the drive the distance from end of the box parking.

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4. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
There are several types of components that are used in this project which is Arduino
Uno R3, Breadboard Small, Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, Piezo Buzzer, LCD 16 x 2, 250kΩ
Potentiometer, 330Ω Resistor, Jumper Wire.
i. Arduino Uno R3
Figure 1: Arduino Uno R3
Arduino is an open source, computer hardware and user community that designs and
manufactures microcontroller kits for building digitals devices and interactive objects
that can sense and control objects in the physical world. It has 14 digital input/output
pins, 6 analogue input, a USB connection, a power jack and many more.
ii. Breadboard
Figure 2: Breadboard
Breadboard is a device used as a construction base in developing an electronic circuit.
Breadboard can be solderless which can be reusable for the upcoming project. A
solderless breadboard is made of plastics and perforated with numerous holes.

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iii. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
Figure 3: Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
The ultrasonic distance sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object. It has
high accuracy and stable readings. The range of distance it can detect is from 0.02m to
4m.
iv. Piezo Speaker
Figure 4: Piezo Speaker (Buzzer)
A "piezo speaker" is basically a tiny speaker that you can connect directly to an
Arduino. "Piezoelectricity" is an effect where certain crystals will change shape when
you apply electricity to them. By applying an electric signal at the right frequency, the
crystal can make sound.

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v. Jumper wires
Figure 5: Jumper Wire
Jumper wires are used to make connections between the items on the breadboard and
the Arduino Uno’s header pin. It has three types of jumper wires which is female to
female, male to male and female to male.
vi. LCD 16x2
Figure 6: LCD 16 x 2
An LCD is an electronic display module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible
image. The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIYs and circuits.
The 16×2 translates of a display 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. A 16X2 LCD has
two registers, namely, command and data. The register select is used to switch from one
register to other. RS=0 for command register, whereas RS=1 for data register.

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vii. 250kΩ Potentiometer
Figure 7: 250kΩ Potentiometer
A potentiometer is a simple knob that provides a variable resistance, which we can read
into the Arduino board as an analog value.
viii. 330Ω Resistor
Figure 8: 330Ω Resistor
Resistors resist the flow of electricity and the higher the value of the resistor, the more
it resists and the less electrical current will flow through it.

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5. FLOWCHART PROGRAMMING
The flowchart is representing of the Smart Car Parking Sensors workflow and process.
Figure 9: Flowchart Programming

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6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Figure 10: Circuit Diagram
ULTRASONIC
DISTANCE SENSOR
RESISTOR
ARDUINO
UNO R3
POTENTIOMETER
LCD 16 X 2
BREADBOARD
PIEZO BUZZER

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7. CODING
The coding is a process of assigning a code into Arduino programme input/output to perform
a task that have been set to it. For this project the output that have been assign with coding is a
Piezo Speaker and an Ultrasonic Distance Sensors. The Ultrasonic Distance Sensors had
assigned to detect an object in a range of 200cm in sight while the Piezo Speaker act as a
respond due to the Ultrasonic Distance Sensors.
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define trigPin 8
#define echoPin 9
#define buzzPin 6
long duration, distance;
LiquidCrystal lcd (12,11,5,4,3,2);
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(echoPin,INPUT);
pinMode(trigPin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzPin,OUTPUT);
}
void loop(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration*0.034/2;
if(distance <= 40){
tone(buzzPin,1000);

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}
if(distance > 40 && distance <= 60){
buzzOn(200,50);
}
if(distance > 60 && distance <= 80){
buzzOn(300,100);
}
if(distance > 80 && distance <= 110){
buzzOn(400,200);
}
if(distance > 110 && distance <= 140){
buzzOn(500,300);
}
if(distance > 140 && distance <= 200){
buzzOn(700,400);
}
if(distance > 200){
noTone(buzzPin);
}
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Distance: ");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.print(" cm ");
delay(5);
}
void buzzOn(int on, int off){
tone(buzzPin,1000);
delay(on);
noTone(buzzPin);
delay(off);
}