Annotated Bibliography: Smartphone & Tourist Experience in Singapore

This annotated bibliography examines the impact of smartphones on the tourist experiences of Singaporean young adults, focusing on three research papers. The first paper, by Gupta et al. (2018), investigates the factors influencing tourists' adoption of smartphone apps, using the UTAUT-2 framework. It highlights the importance of performance expectancy, social influence, and perceived risks. The second paper, by Tan (2017), explores the relationship between smartphone usage, tourist experiences, and trip satisfaction in nature-based destinations, emphasizing the impact of smartphones on leisure travel. The third paper, by Hardy et al. (2017), discusses the methodological approaches for tracking tourists' travel using smartphone-based GPS technology. The bibliography provides detailed summaries of each paper's methodology, findings, comparisons with other research, and usefulness to the broader research topic. The analysis emphasizes the implications of smartphone usage on tourist behavior, app development, and the overall travel experience, especially for young adults in Singapore.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gupta, A., Dogra, N., & George, B. (2018). What determines tourist adoption of
smartphone apps? An analysis based on the UTAUT-2 framework. Journal of Hospitality
and Tourism Technology, 9(1), 50-64.
What: The study highlights about the identification of factors which affect the intention of the
tourists to install the applications on the smartphones.
How: The research is done through the questionnaire which is developed through the large scale
of the published literature. Here, the focus is on the different participants in research paper who
are carrying out the research of 389 participants where 343 of them are the valid response for
obtaining a proper statistical analysis.
Finding: The findings highlight about the predictors and planning of the usage intention of the
smartphone application. It includes the expectancy of performance, social influence, saving
prices and the other perceived risks. There is a usage behavior which is mediated by the usage
intention except for the case of habits. Apart from this, there are expectations like the hedonistic
motivation which leads to facilitating the conditions and the other effort expectation which does
not have any impact on the usage intention or any behavioral factors as a whole.
Compare with other Paper: The author has not been able to compare the reliability of the
different factors where the satisfaction of the tourists and the tourists experiences arise from the
entanglement of the physical space. The practical focus is on the study which gives the app
developers with vital cues on the expectations of tourists from apps. The developers focus on the
material utility of apps, with factor influencing use.

Useful for the research: The study is about examining the adoption of smartphone travelling
applications with emerging economy contexts that is set through extending unified theory of
acceptance and using technology framework.

Tan, W. K. (2017). The relationship between smartphone usage, tourist experience
and trip satisfaction in the context of a nature-based destination. Telematics and
Informatics, 34(2), 614-627
What: The research paper highlights on leisure travel occurring in spaces and has been one form
of experience. The research highlights on the popularity of using the smartphones at the different
locations and how it impacts the experiences of the people. It is seen that there are no longer
boundations on the people by any of the physical limits or the destination travel distances.
How: The research includes the study with focusing on the relation which is described by the
author for the travel activities, smartphone activities and the constructs that are related to handle
the share travelling experiences. The usage of the smartphone at the different places, and the
experiences of the customers is described in the paper.
Finding: As per the analysis, the research is to find on the relationship for examining the
different contexts of Hualien which is one of the nature-based destination in Taiwan. It has been
including the details about how one is able to handle the smartphones which helps in
highlighting about the experiences of the tourists and their experiences.
Compare with other Paper: The authors neglects the factors about the virtual space and how
the lack of the influence of the on-site experiences to share on experience and satisfaction.
Hence, the author needs to work on the tourists values with the functional purposes which is
provided by the smartphones.
Useful for the research: The research is useful for highlighting about the nature-based
destinations which should be enjoyed rather than getting influenced and attracted to smartphones
even on a holiday.

Hardy, A., Hyslop, S., Booth, K., Robards, B., Aryal, J., Gretzel, U., & Eccleston, R.
(2017). Tracking tourists’ travel with smartphone-based GPS technology: a methodological
discussion. Information Technology & Tourism, 17(3), 255-274.
What: The paper which highlights about the implications related to the different approaches
about how the tracking of the movement of tourists needs to be handled through destination. The
author then describes about the innovative new methods which utilize the smartphone-based GPS
technology and a mobile app for tracking the tourists easily. It is helpful for checking the
different regional destinations and the attractions over the extended period time.
How: The research is done through analyzing 472 tourists in the real time through the
application where there were different surveys that highlighted about the GPS tracking factors.
Here, the team was also involved in working on the different standards which included
conducting tourism at the spatial and temporal level.
Finding: The research is focusing on the different challenges where the planning is to maintain
the project ambitious natures like the designing of app, securing the hardware tracking, forging
with the providers and providing a better recruitment for the participants.
Compare with other Paper: The authors discards about the negative influences of the
smartphone on the tourists places. The people should try to enjoy the flora and fauna rather than
getting involved in the apps of smartphone.
Useful for the research: The research is able to highlight the project lessons and help in
planning about the holistic study designing model for supporting the progress through continuous
methodological approach, in the growing area.

References
Gupta, A., Dogra, N., & George, B. (2018). What determines tourist adoption of smartphone
apps? An analysis based on the UTAUT-2 framework. Journal of Hospitality and
Tourism Technology, 9(1), 50-64.
Hardy, A., Hyslop, S., Booth, K., Robards, B., Aryal, J., Gretzel, U., & Eccleston, R. (2017).
Tracking tourists’ travel with smartphone-based GPS technology: a methodological
discussion. Information Technology & Tourism, 17(3), 255-274.
Tan, W. K. (2017). The relationship between smartphone usage, tourist experience and trip
satisfaction in the context of a nature-based destination. Telematics and
Informatics, 34(2), 614-627.