Identifying SME Car Repair Preparedness for Electric Car Policies

This dissertation investigates how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the UK car repair sector are preparing for and responding to government policies promoting electric vehicles. The research focuses on the Gold car company and explores the changes in the transportation system and government policies, including the introduction of electric vehicle regulations and the promotion of eco-friendly cars. The study examines the challenges and benefits for SME car repair firms, such as the need for new technologies and infrastructure, as well as the potential for increased business opportunities. The methodology includes a review of literature, outlining the research philosophy, design, and approach, data collection, and analysis methods. The findings will discuss the specific strategies and adaptations these businesses are employing to comply with regulations, meet consumer demands, and remain competitive in the evolving automotive market. The study also addresses the implications for future research and limitations of the investigation.

SME'S CAR REPAIRS ARE PREPARE TO
RESPOND TO THE ELECTRICAL CAR
GOVERNMENTS POLICIES

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that dissertation titled ”To identify how SME car repairs are prepared to respond
to electrical car government policies: A study on Gold car company UK” is prepared by me. It is
my original work by referring other scholars works, books and journals. The complete work has
been done under guidance of professor by following ethical aspects.
Data: (Research student)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank to my professor for their kind support. Without their support I would not be
able to complete this thesis on time. I am grateful to my fellow lab mates and peer group those
who have given their moral support to me. I am extremely likely to have such peer groups, they
were always ready for me to respond to my questions. I must express my gratitude to my parents
for their encouragement and emotional support.

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................7
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................7
1.2 Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................................8
1.3 Research Questions..........................................................................................................8
1.4 Rationale of the study.......................................................................................................8
1.5 Significance of the study..................................................................................................9
1.6 Research Model................................................................................................................9
1.7 Chapter structure..............................................................................................................9
2. LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................10
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................10
2.2 Changes in transportation system and government polices............................................10
2.3 Issues and benefits for SME car repair when by implementing electrical car polices...13
2.4 Response to government policy by small medium car repair firms...............................15
2.5 Summary.........................................................................................................................17
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................18
3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................18
3.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................18
3.3 Research design..............................................................................................................19
3.4 Research approach..........................................................................................................19
3.5 Data Collection...............................................................................................................20
3.6 Sampling.........................................................................................................................21
3.7 Data Analyses.................................................................................................................21
3.8 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................22
3.9 Validity and Reliability..................................................................................................23
3.10 Summary.......................................................................................................................23
4. RESULT ...................................................................................................................................24
5. DISCUSSION ...........................................................................................................................33
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................33
5.2 Discussions.....................................................................................................................33
5.3 Implication for future research.......................................................................................36

5.4 Research limitations.......................................................................................................36
6. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................37
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................38
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................41

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Increasing pollution and fluctuation in oil price are the major issue in the nation. Most of the
vehicles consume more than 70% of total import of fuel and oil. In such condition economic
position of the region is getting affected. In order to minimize these problems' government of the
country is promoting electrical vehicles. They have made many electrical car policies for
protecting environment and making economic position sound. Present study discusses changes
occur in transportation system and government policies. It describes issues faced by small size
car repair firms due to modifications in the electrical car policies of the government.
Furthermore, researcher paper describes issue faced by small size car repair firms and benefit for
them due to implementation of these regulations. It explains the measures that have been taken
by these entities to respond to electrical car government policies.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
There are many countries which are facing the issue of increasing pollution. Government
has made strict rules and policies to tackle the pollution. One of the major step that has been
taken by the authorities is introduction of cars with internal combustion engines. E-mobility was
the main concept that was introduced by car makers after passing the environment laws of
government (Bolton, Foxon and Hall, 2016). The concept of E-mobility can be defined as use of
plug- in vehicles. This technology is used in electrical vehicles and other such type of cars that
are environmental friendly. Small sized car repair firms have to face huge difficulties because
with every change in the policies of government, they have to make modification in their
working procedure. By this way, it becomes hard for them to conduct operations smoothly and
earn revenues. Changes in transportation facilities are another big reason that impact on
performance of small medium size firms to great extent. Over a period of time, transportation
industry has grown well and advance technologies have helped this firm in manufacturing of cost
effective vehicles and electrical vehicles (Chiodi and et.al., 2015). Government has introduced
new charging stations and has improved supply of batteries and other equipment’s, this helps
repair firms in smoothly performing their operations. But implementation of these technologies
is costly task for the management of SME's.
High dependency on oil imports and peak oil tendencies have created situation for the
government that to reduce CO2 emission from the environment. For that, government makes
strict laws and electrical car polices for reducing CO2 emission from the surrounding. Electrical
mobility is beneficial for making control over increasing oil prices and control the traffic. Now
government has imposed emission law on each auto mobile firm and it is mandatory to follow
these laws by all car repair firm (Bowen and Fankhauser, 2017). Furthermore, promotion of
CNG vehicles is another big policy of authorities for keeping environment protected. SME's are
trying to give response of all these polices so that these firms can sustain in the market for longer
duration. For that, small size companies are concentrating on electric mobility solutions in which
they can get high results in minimum capital investments. Furthermore, car repair entities are
conducting market research in order to identify needs of consumers. Accordingly, these
corporations are developing strategies through which they can follow electrical car policies and
can fulfil requirement of consumers as well. They motivate their potential buyer to buy electrical

vehicles and experience its ride (Wang and et.al. 2016). They make them aware with the benefit
of electrical car so that consumers get encourage and they purchase such type of vehicles from
the companies. This support in conducting operations legally.
1.2 Aim and Objectives
Aim
“To identify how SME car repairs are prepared to respond to electrical car government policies:
A study on Gold car company UK”.
Objectives
 To explain changes, occur in transportation system and government policies.
 To investigate Issues and benefits for Gold Car Company when by implementing
electrical car polices.
 To explain response to government policy by small medium electrical car repair firms.
1.3 Research Questions
 Explain changes occur in transportation system and government polices?
 What are the issues and benefits for Gold Car Company when by implementing electrical
car polices?
 How the SME's car repairs firms respond to the electrical car governments policies?
1.4 Rationale of the study
One of the main reason of conducting this research is that small medium size entities are
facing issues due to changes in government policies. Now government are concentrating on
electrical cars so that surrounding can be protected. In such condition it becomes very difficult
for the SME's to make changes in existing operations and invest amount in new technologies.
Through this study scholar will be able to identify ways through which small size entities are
responding to electrical car government policies and earning revenues (Winfield and Weiler,
2017). Furthermore, another reason of carrying out the investigation is that it is burning issue
because pollution is increasing in the nation with the rapid speed in such condition government is
taking strict action to control over it. This affects working of small size entities those which
contribute well in the economic development of the nation. This burning issue will enhance
interest of scholar thus, researcher has selected this topic for the study. In addition, there are

huge data available on electrical vehicles, issues for small size entities and how these
corporations are responding to the electrical car policies of government. Thus, researcher can be
available to collect in-depth detail about the topic and will be able to answer research questions
effectively (Chiodi and et.al., 2015).
1.5 Significance of the study
This study will be beneficial for small size car repair firms because by this way they will
get idea about conducting their business as per the current electrical car government policies.
Furthermore, it will be advantageous for other big size car repairs because by this way they will
get to know about new polices and technologies and will be able to design their operations
accordingly so that they can meet with service requirements of client (Bowen and Fankhauser,
2017). Furthermore, it will also be beneficial for other scholars because by this way they will get
to know about brief idea about the topic and in future they will be able to conduct their
investigation on the same topic.
1.6 Research Model
In order to complete this dissertation and answering research questions scholar will take
support of interpretivism philosophy and descriptive research design. It will support in carrying
out qualitative study in effective manner. Furthermore, in the present study researcher will use
primary and secondary both data collection sources. This will support in developing
understanding about the topic and will assist in answering research questions. All qualitative
details will be collected by investigator so that valid results can be obtained.
1.7 Chapter structure Chapter 1 Introduction: This will be the first part of dissertation in which researcher will
give brief overview about the topic and will explain rationale of conducting the
investigation. Chapter 2 Literature review: it is next part of the dissertation in which scholar will
critically review articles of other researches. There are many scholars those who have
conducted study on electrical vehicles and government electrical car policies. Their
articles will support researcher in developing in-depth understanding about subject matter
(Wardle and et.al., 2015).

 Chapter 3 Research methodology: It would be next chapter in which researcher will take
support of various tools and techniques that are helpful in addressing research problems
and getting accurate results. Chapter 4 Results: In this section scholar will analyse the data and will find results on the
topic.
 Chapter 5: Discussions: In the chapter researcher will discuss about the topic on the
bases of literature review and results.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This section will review literatures of other authors on the subject how small medium
enterprise gives response to electrical car policies of government. There are many policies made
by the government to reduce greenhouse emission and each firm gives response to these
regulations in different manner (Mazur and et.al., 2015). Present study will review literatures on
changes in transportation system over a period of time. Furthermore, issues faced by small sized
firms and response given to government policy by small medium car repair firms will be
reviewed in this chapter.
2.2 Changes in transportation system and government polices
As per the view of Geels and et.al., (2017) small and medium enterprises contribute well
in economic development of the nation. It generates employment opportunities in the nation that
assist in improving income sources in the region. Passenger cars play significant role since 20th
century in the transportation industry. Recently many passenger cars are derived from crude oil,
petrol or diesel. United Kingdom is concentrating on producing environmental friendly cars so
that it does not have to be highly depended upon the oil importers and it can keep environment
safe as well. 96% of transportation industry is dependent upon the oil and majority of oil is being
imported from other nations (How well placed is Britain's car industry to respond to the 'electric
revolution', 2017). That is increasing cost of the country and affecting its economic position as
well. Government of UK has taken initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Cars are highly
responsible to increase air pollution. Thus, government has made several policies to
manufactures environmental friendly cars that do not require liquid carbon fuels. United
Kingdom is planning to diversify its energy sources for the transportation industry so that it can
meet with its climate goal and can reduce dependency on oil.

Bolton, Foxon and Hall, (2016) argued that it was challenging situation for the
government of the country that to produce eco -friendly cars, it has been achieved by introducing
the electric vehicles. These are such cars that do not require oil, these run through electricity or
batteries. But initially government has faced many issues because of low level of acceptance,
high prices of electrical cars and poor refuelling stations. At that time investors were not taking
inters in investing their money in manufacturing of electrical cars. On other hand Mullen and
Marsden, (2016) stated that electrical cars were costing less as compare to petrol cars. For
manufacturing of less costly cars and minimizing high dependency on oil companies have taken
support of solar panels. This has helped in generating own electricity and keeping environment
safe and secure.
As per the view of Wang and et.al., (2016) technological improvements have changed the
scenario of transportation industry. Due to use of advance technologies now transportation has
become cheaper, less polluted and more reliable. Transportation industry contributes well in the
economic development for the country. But over a period of time stupendous transformation has
been taken place in this sector. Now fuel and oil cars are transformed and electrical cars in high
demand. Renewable energy revolution is the main aim of the government of the nation. For that
auto mobile sector is working to cut oil bills and reduce carbon emission. Transport minister of
the nation has declared that we are required to move towards alternative of fuel so that
environment can be protected. For reducing cost of the country, government has launched
scheme of faster adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles. For this purpose government of the
nation has set standards and has also provided guidelines so that all car manufacturing firms
adopt these guidelines and manufacture their cars and repair it by using electrical techniques.
Yan, Gu and Li, (2016) stated that government of UK has approved policy of promoting
research and development in electric mobility. Apart from this government has reduced tax
prices on electric vehicles. That encourages car manufacturing firms that to manufacture such
type of products. It is identified that cost of charging batteries are less as compare to combustion
engine. As per the view of Hall and Lutsey, (2017) electrical cars are costly than fuel cars
because batteries enhances costing of the auto mobile products. Apart from this, speed of these
cars is less as compared to other models of cars. Government has announced that auto mobile
companies now have to manufacture electric vehicles. For that, government of the nation has
made electric mobility policy. Recently, authorities have announced incentives for the countries

that are adopting electrical vehicles concepts. In addition, government of UK is working
furiously for making the country a truly electric vehicle nation till the end of 2030. For
promoting electric vehicles in the nation authorities have made several polices. Installation of
electrical conduit and 120V and 240V plugs is the major action of the government that have
changed the transportation system. Government has also announced incentives for plug in
electric vehicles.
According to Winfield and Weiler, (2017) 28% oil is used by transportation system and
23% greenhouse emission is result of transportation industry. Thus, it is the area that government
is looking for minimising GHS emission. That is why, authorities have made champion policies
that supports in increasing adoption rate for the hybrid electric vehicles. Furthermore,
government has reduced tax rates on these vehicles. Next generation cars have benefit to reduce
50% auto mobile tax annually. This policy came into existence from 1 April 2009.
As per the view of Chiodi and et.al., (2015) president of the nation has announced that
now dependency on fossil fuels have been decreased over a period of time and population
understands the necessity of electrical vehicles in the country. Stronger efficiency and high tax
rates on fuel cars have changed the scenario of transportation system significantly. As per the
forecasting of the higher authorities it is estimated that till the end of 2030 there would be more
than 30 million electric vehicles in the regions. Small business has to face huge difficulty
because they have to modify their entire operations whenever government polices gets changed.
This increase costing of these firms and sometimes many manufacturers have to close their
business because they fail to run their operations effectively (How well placed is Britain's car
industry to respond to the 'electric revolution', 2017).
Wardle and et.al., (2015) argued that climate changes, high dependency on oil imports ad
peak oil tendencies have forced the government to reduce CO2 emission. Electrical mobility is
beneficial for making control over increasing oil prices and control the traffic, pollution as well.
Government of the nation now promoting green and quiet cars so that pollution can be reduced
and natural resources can be preserved for longer duration. Improvement of battery technology is
beneficial in designing quality electrical cars that consumes lower cost. In this respect car
manufactures are nor adopting the diversification strategy and involving green technologies for
manufacturing of electrical cars (The Impact of Government Policies on Industrial Evolution:
The Case of China's Automotive Industry, 2006). On other hand, Bowen and Fankhauser, (2017)