University Report: Spirometry's Role in Smoking Cessation (PC40019W)

This report examines the process of tobacco smoking, its statistics, and methods for smoking cessation. It focuses on the research question of whether disseminating spirometry results aids in smoking cessation. The report details a search strategy using CINAHL and PubMed, and selects an article which suggests that informing patients about their 'spirometric-lung-age' motivates them to quit smoking. Spirometry, a pulmonary function test, helps evaluate breathing patterns and identify conditions. The conclusion emphasizes spirometry's role in monitoring lung conditions and its potential to increase smoking cessation rates, supported by references to relevant literature. This report contributes to the understanding of how health promotion and public health can be improved, and helps to understand the impact of spirometry on smoking cessation. The report includes references to support the arguments presented.

Summative 1
NAME OF THE STUDENT
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY

Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking refers to the process of
inhaling smoke of tobacco that comprises of
gaseous and other particles.
The active substance obtained from tobacco
gets delivered to the circulating bloodstream
(Alexandrov et al. 2016)
It eventually gets absorbed by the alveoli
located in the lungs

Smoking statistics
In the UK, 16.55 males smoke, in comparison to 13.05 females
Around 25.5% individuals in manual and routine occupations smoke, compared
to 10.2% individuals in professional and managerial occupation (Office for
National Statistics 2018)
People aged 25-34 years represent the greatest proportion of present day
smokers that accounts for 19.2% of the total population

Smoking cessation
Smoking cessation refers to the
procedure of stopping the consumption
of tobacco
Tobacco comprises of nicotine that is
addictive
This nicotine results in dependence
among the smokers
Withdrawal of nicotine makes the entire
process of smoking cessation
problematic

Smoking cessation methods
Some methods that help in smoking cessation are medications, community
interventions, psychosocial approaches, cigarette substitutes, and quit plans
Spirometry is a common pulmonary function test (PFT) that assesses lung
function (Koltowski et al. 2019)
It also determines the speed and volume of air that is exhaled and inhaled

Research problem
Research question- Does dissemination of
spirometry results help in smoking cessation?
Spirometry helps in evaluating the breathing
patterns and also facilitates identification of
conditions like cystic fibrosis, COPD, asthma,
and pulmonary fibrosis
It also proves beneficial for health surveillance
by assessing the patterns of breathing over a
definite period of time

Search strategy
Two electronic databases of CINAHL and PubMed were extensively searched for
retrieving the articles
Search terms used for article extraction were namely, smoking, cessation,
spirometry, dynamic spirometry, facilitate, promote, increase, quitting, and
termination.
Articles published on or after 2014 were considered
Peer reviewed articles published in English were included

Article selected
Of the several articles obtained, one was considered most appropriate for the
research
Article- Takagi, H., Morio, Y., Ishiwata, T., Shimada, K., Kume, A., Miura, K.,
Kuwasaki, E., Kato, M., Seyama, K. and Takahashi, K. (2017). Effect of telling
patients their “spirometric-lung-age” on smoking cessation in Japanese
smokers. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(12), p.5052.
The article was a prospective study and suggested that informing the patients
about their spirometric-lung-age motivates them to stop smoking

Conclusion
Spirometry helps in monitoring the lung
condition
It also assesses where a particular
treatment for a lung condition facilitates
easy breathing
The article will help in determining whether
spirometry results are effective in
increasing the rates of smoking cessation

References
Alexandrov, L.B., Ju, Y.S., Haase, K., Van Loo, P., Martincorena, I., Nik-Zainal, S., Totoki, Y., Fujimoto, A., Nakagawa, H., Shibata, T. and Campbell, P.J. (2016). Mutational signatures
associated with tobacco smoking in human cancer. Science, 354(6312), pp.618-622.
Creswell, J.W. and Creswell, J.D (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Gashaw, A., Teshita, A. and Getachew, T (2016). Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and its health impacts: a review. International Journal of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, 10(3), pp.1371-1381.
Hassan, S.Z., Saberian, C., Khan, S.K. and Salam, O (2019). Paternal Smoking May be Associated with Increased Risk of Miscarriage. Internal Medicine and Medical Investigation
Journal, 4(1).
Kainu, A., Timonen, K.L., Vanninen, E. and Sovijärvi, A.R (2018). Reference values of inspiratory spirometry for Finnish adults. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory
investigation, 78(4), pp.245-252.
Koltowski, L., Hofman, A., Kupczyk, M., Kuna, P., &# 321; ukaszyk, M., Buczy&# 322; ko, K., D&# 261; browiecki, P., Bodzenta-&# 321; ukaszyk, A., Nasta&# 322; ek, P. and Soli&#
324; ski, M (2019). Self-Monitoring of Lung Function in Mild Asthma Patients Using Connected Mobile Spirometry System-Feasibility Study. In B37. NOVEL APPROACHES TO
ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES (pp. A3036-A3036). American Thoracic Society.
Liu, H., Wang, H., Ma, Y., Wang, H. and Shi, Y (2016). Role of transpiration and metabolism in translocation and accumulation of cadmium in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum
L.). Chemosphere, 144, pp.1960-1965.
Office for National Statistics. (2018). Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2018. [online] Available at:
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/adultsmokinghabitsingreatbritain/2018#targetText=In%20t
he%20UK%2C%2016.5%25%20of,compared%20with%2013.0%25%20of%20women.&targetText=Around%201%20in%204%20(25.5,in%20managerial%20and%20professional%
20occupations.
[Accessed 12 Oct. 2019]
Takagi, H., Morio, Y., Ishiwata, T., Shimada, K., Kume, A., Miura, K., Kuwasaki, E., Kato, M., Seyama, K. and Takahashi, K (2017). Effect of telling patients their “spirometric-lung-
age” on smoking cessation in Japanese smokers. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(12), p.5052.
World Health Organization. (2019). Key Facts. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco [Accessed 12 Oct. 2019]

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