Specialist Project Prep: Critical Analysis of Smoking Health Articles

This report provides a critical evaluation of academic and practitioner sources related to smoking and its health implications, particularly within the UK population. It assesses the reliability and quality of two articles, examining various forms of smoking, including cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and hookahs, and their associated health risks. The report highlights the addictive nature of nicotine and the detrimental effects of smoking on physical health, such as lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. While some studies suggest certain alternatives like e-cigarettes or hookahs might be safer, the analysis reveals potential hidden dangers and chemical components that can still cause significant harm. The report concludes that all forms of smoking pose considerable health risks, emphasizing the importance of discouraging such practices to reduce mortality rates.

Preparation for the
Specialist Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Smoking is a factor that has become a major issue world wide. (Lippi and Henry, 2020)
As per the study it has been determined that tobacco has been around here for centuries. It has
been determined by number of researchers that smokers are most likely die more than earlier as
compared to non smokers. Since at least 1950, the health experts have linked the smoking to lung
cancer.(Smoking, 2021) As per the data it has been observed that Americans live with the
disease which is caused by smoking. The articles has been considered that are written by the
author. The intended audience is UK population. The sources that have been considered that are
online. This report underpins the ethical argument on the smoking practice, which are being
followed by each individuals.
MAIN BODY
Studies state that in UK, it has been found that there are number of individuals are
involved in the practice of smoking cigar which is technically safer as compared to smoking
cigarette.(Smoking, 2021) The cigarette contains high amount of nicotine. But as compared to
another studies, cigar consuming practices smokers can encounters several of same potential
risks which are familiar risk factors associated with smoking a cigarette. The smoking practices
can also involves risk factors which are determined as cancer as well. Chewing tobacco and it is
also known as smokeless tobacco are also not safe as compared to cigarettes, as per the studies it
has been concluded that it contains almost 30 cancer causing chemicals (Smoking, teens health
2021).
As per the studies, it has been also considered that the E-cigarettes are termed to be safer
as compared to regular cigarettes, it is due to e-cigarettes do not contains tobacco elements in it,
which makes individuals to believe that these E-cigarettes are much safer than manual cigarettes.
(Smoking, teens health 2021) Although, another study, observed that that they are other chemical
elements which are also present in them that can majorly promote more harm to the lungs of an
individuals, and it can also lead an individual to deal with breathing issues, asthma and others.
On the other it has been found that hookah are also type of water pipes which are used to smoke
tobacco with the help of hose along with mouth piece (Guo, 2020).
Some of the studies, determined that it is safer than smoking a cigarette, due to the
temperature of smoke, as it found to be cooler it passes through water. But, on the other hand, as

per the author, there is hidden mechanism which has been found in the system of hookah. The
black gunk behind the hookah pipe can collect the amount of tar which is being produced by the
hookah which makes equally contributor in representing affecting the health of individuals.
Some studies also believe that the consumption of vapes by an individual are also termed to be
safer which are also better fro the environment. (Villanti and et.al. 2020) Vapes contains
chemical elements which are also determined to be good for the environment for others, and also
it is less likely to harm health of an individual as compared to person who are choosing to
consume cigarette (West, 2021)
Smoking is that habit which can't be break easily as tobacco consists of the chemicals like
nicotine that are addictive. It becomes one of the most usual problem that is faced in today's
world and causing deaths to people. Most of the people pick the habit of smoking because of
personal issues, stress and many more. Tobacco has a disastrous influence on the health of an
individual. Cigarettes have a large impact on the lungs of human beings and around one-third of
all cases of the cancer are occur only because of the smoking.(West, 2021) Additionally, these
serious health issues are impacted because of the smoking. It also hampers the physical
appearances of an individual such as aged skin, yellow teeth, etc.
These two articles are about advance smoking practices which are being followed by the
population of UK individuals. These articles has been written by authors. The online source has
been used and rating which can be considered that articles have high medium quality content.
The argument which has been set on related topic has considered to medium in the quality. The
sources which are tends to be believable as they are evidence based. While going through these
two articles of smoking that are Smoking (Article 1 St) , 2021 & Smoking, teens health 2021
(Article 2nd), it has been found that the Article 2nd, is more relevant as compared to other article,
and the data which has been viewed found to be realistic as well. The conclusion of these two
article that can be concluded that smoking and any form of smoking which is using E-cigarettes,
Vapes, Hookah and others are termed to be harmful for the health of an individual as it can
majorly impacts on the physical health of a person.
CONCLUSION
Overall, it has been concluded smoking is a harmful practice that can lead an individual
to the rate of mortality. As it is determined to be involved with number of risk factors such as
cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, blood pressure and so on. In UK, people believe that

smoking cigar is much safer than a cigarette, whereas other studies state that it is not truth, it
equally harm an individual's body. Due to absence of tobacco some studies also considered that
they are safe to consume by an individual, but according to the other journals, E-cigarettes have
other chemical component which are more harmful. In some studies, it is mentioned that hookahs
are safe, but in contrast it is found to be equally harmful. As the comparison of both articles on
smoking shows to the viewers that the Article 2nd , is found to be effective.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Lippi, G. and Henry, B. M., 2020. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). European journal of internal medicine. 75. pp.107-108.
Guo, F. R., 2020. Smoking links to the severity of COVID‐19: An update of a meta‐analysis.
Journal of medical virology.
Villanti, A. C. and et.al. 2020. Smoking-Cessation interventions for US young adults: updated
systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 59(1). pp.123-136.
West, S. K., 2021. Smoking and the risk of eye diseases. In Nutritional and environmental
influences on the eye. (pp. 151-164). CRC Press.
Corrales, L. and et.al. 2020. Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors
other than tobacco smoking. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 148. p.102895.
Valiente, R., and et.al. 2021. Tobacco retail environment and smoking: a systematic review of
geographic exposure measures and implications for future studies. Nicotine and
Tobacco Research. 23(8). pp.1263-1273.
Singh, A. V. and et.al. 2021. Advances in smoking related in vitro inhalation toxicology: A
perspective case of challenges and opportunities from progresses in lung-on-chip
technologies. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 34(9). pp.1984-2002.
Naseri, R., Yaghini, J. and Feizi, A., 2020. Levels of smoking and dental implants failure: A
systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of clinical periodontology. 47(4). pp.518-
528.
Article 1st
Smoking, 2021 [Online] Available Through:
<https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17488-smoking>
Article 2nd ,
Smoking teens health, 2021 [Online] Available Through:
<https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/smoking.html>