Research Skills 2 Assignment: Social Cognitive Theory and Behavior

This report delves into the principles of social cognitive theory, examining how personal, environmental, and behavioral factors influence human actions. It discusses the importance of understanding these factors for both individuals and organizations, emphasizing the role of observation, imitation, and modeling in learning and development. The report analyzes the impact of environment on individual behavior, using the case study of Poole Hospital to illustrate how management practices and collaborative environments can affect employee performance and satisfaction. It also addresses the influence of social media and the significance of choosing positive role models. The report concludes by highlighting the crucial role of social cognitive theory in understanding and shaping human behavior within various contexts.

Research Skills 2
(Skills for Higher
Education)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERNCES:..................................................................................................................................7
Books and Journals:....................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Day to day human behaviour and their nature get more dynamics that means no one can
understand that what a person want at the same time. Each person has different kind of nature
and behaviour, which is essential to understand them (Knauf, Eschenbeck and Hock, 2018). It
can be understand with the help of social cognitive theory that gives by Bandura’s. In addition to,
they found that Albert Bandura was the behavioural psychologist who create the social learning
theory. He found social cognitive theory which is refers to influence of actions of other person,
environmental factors and individual experiences on individual health behaviour. There are many
other scholars and authors that gives information for social norms such as a book i.e. Appetite
which given by (Emily I.M. Collins and et. al). The interactions between people, their
environment and their behaviour that never fixed as they are changes day by day. The model
assists in understanding the behaviour of individual and identifying the factors that affect their
nature. It is very important for the success and growth of the organisation that they should
promotes collaborative working conditions so that their employees can learn new things from
their colleagues. It just not helps in improving creativity but also it helps in increasing the profits
of company. They get more efficient. This report is based on the analysis of personal,
environment and behavioural factors which impact on human nature. This thing is important for
an individual that they should look at the right person so that they can learn right skills and learn
something which is beneficial for everyone. This theory contains three important factors that are
personal, environmental, behavioural. It can be understand with the help of separate explanation.
It is necessary that they should understand the purpose of others' actions because sometimes
organisation identified that they are not actually purpose but their false actions create conflicts
between person to person. This report is based on the theory that gives a great impact on the
individual behaviour. Moreover, it also covers the importance of social cognitive theory which
influence each person in every place.
MAIN BODY

Social Cognitive theory is established which states that there is direct relation of
experience with environment. In simple words a person's action is based on their experiences and
their environment. This theory tells about the direct relationship between experience and their
actions (Romanowska and Dobroczyński, 2020). There is a direct relationship between self
efficacy and help evasion. That means a person can help to the other one if they have inner
strength (Persson, R. et al., 2014). This essential for a sustainable management of natural
resources such as human resource and promotion of change in behaviour. It is clearly stated that
humans are learn form interaction whether it is from other person or from their in experiences. It
is identified in the case study of Royal Bournemouth and Poole hospital in which they made an
agreement that they can make the Royal Bournemouth emergency hospital because they faced
many problems due to the high number of patients. For that purpose they have to make changes
in their organisation. There are many people who were against for changes but still they make
changes. Due to the changes their management get badly affected and every employees faced
issues regarding them. Their actions are depending on their understanding of behaviour. It
important for every person which influences the learning and development of individual person
that based on mainly three principles that are observation, imitating and modelling. It contains
three important factors that are personal, environmental, behavioural.
According to Kanfer and Bufton, 2018, a person can influence by their surroundings or
environment that means they are learn through their surroundings. It is very necessary that the
environment that is surrounding by a person should be right or positive is that an individual can
learn right things from them. It can be understand with the help of example. For example, a
students who attend classroom where the classroom environment is so enthusiastic which always
motivate the students to learn something new which assist in making their bright future and
career. It is identified that if the environment of people are not good or negative which gives
negative impact on the individuals' attribute. For example, an employees who working in an

organisation, where all members are not working collaboratively. It will give a bad impact on the
employees because it reduces the productivity and efficiency if they are not working
collaboratively. With the help of positive environment a person can easily achieve their personal
as well as organisational goals. It is very necessary for Poole Hospital that they should make
their environment positive by improving management functions so that they can they can reduce
the negative reviews and trying to satisfy their employees. It is identified that due to the
environment their employees get influence that can be understand with the help of social
cognitive theory.
For individual person, it is necessary that they should grown up in the positive
environment which assist in building skills and knowledge. Environment just not deciding
individual performance but also it change their behaviour. For example, a person who has not
perform any work in the organisation so the management team decide that they will transfer in
the place where they have to perform work without any choices. So they put in the department
where no other person is present for supporting them. But it identifying that a person can
improve their performance because they see that their other colleagues perform their duty
independently. The environment gives a great impact on the performance and behaviour of the
person (de Jong and et. al., 2018). That means in short the attitude and behaviour can be changes
with the help of environment. It can be clearly shown in the given case study in which they get
different reviews because every person has different environment. Their time is different and
accordingly their reviews are different. In the case of Poole Hospital, some employees faced
difficulty of poor management and that's why they get a negative reviews. It is very necessary for
hospital that they should improve their environment with the help of improving in their
management then they get positive reviews.
As per Boateng, H. et al. (2016), it is identifying that social media gives a great
impact on the human behaviour. Human are act differently due to 24*7 days on social media.
This is not good for their health and habits. It flash their minds and reduce the capacity of
working.
There is discussion related to people who can learn with the help of observing other
personality that means they can learn things with observation of other person's traits and
characteristics. By understanding of each person nature and their personality Poole Hospital can
improve their functions and management activities. It can be understand with the help of

teachers' personality (Brylla and Kramer, 2018). A student can learn everything from their ideals
which can be their tutors, parents, friends, etc. They should always look forward to a right person
so that they can get right things in order to develop their own personality. They can learn through
observation which can be clearly understand from the behaviour of infants and young ones.
Young people can learn from their parents that means whatever they done they grasp in their
nature. If their parents are not good then they will nor be a good person because they see their
parents' activity. Whereas if they are seeing the ideal parents then their nature and behaviour is
totally changes as they become more responsible due to the activity of their parents. For
example, an employees working in the organisation which have a boss who always doing hard
work for making the business successful and sustainable. This will get a great impact on the
employees as they feel that if their boss can do hard work then why they are not doing that. That
means with the observation of a boss they can influence and change their attitude for looking
situations at different point of view. It is necessary that they should try their best in order to
observe a right person (Quintana and et. al., 2017). With the help of this example, it is analysed
that a person can learn through observation. If a person observe negative things such as robbery,
crimes, etc. then they will make their personality accordingly. So that's why they should choose a
right person in order to develop their personality. But its not depend on that person because in
the age of infant they are not able to understand the situation. They just grasp things and try to
act like that. It is analysed from the case study of Poole hospital that their employees' personality
is so good that can be seen with the help of their review in which stated that they are feeling
happy with their employees' or colleagues' nature.
Behaviour of individual plays a significant role because if they cannot understand then it
may be create any ambiguity or conflicts between employees (McDonald, 2018). In addition to
Poole Hospital that create the clarity between communication between employees and
employers so that they can reduce the issues. Organisation found that employees are not ready
for the proposals of Poole trust and that's why they create strike and file a case in High Court.
Due to the miscommunications between employees and trust they get negative impact on the
organisation as it declines the efficiency and productivity of employees. With the analysis of
behaviour of an individual it reduce the miscommunications (Green, Horan and Lee, 2019). For
example, if a person can understand their friend very well but due to any misleading practices it
is identified that the person analysed that their friend is not good. But due to the their

understanding of their friends' nature the person can not make any suggestion and they are ready
for face to face talk for reducing any conflicts.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above discussion that social cognitive theory plays a very
important role in the life of individual as it assist in understanding of human behaviour and the
factors which influences on their nature. This thing is important for individual as well for an
organisation because they recruit number of employees that need to understand in order to
encourage and motivate towards organisational goals and objectives. Their are mainly three
components which affects on the behaviour of individual that are personal factors, environment
and behaviour.

REFERNCES:
Books and Journals:
Brylla, C. and Kramer, M. eds., 2018. Cognitive theory and documentary film. Springer.
de Jong, S., and et. al., 2018. Social-cognitive risk factors for violence in psychosis: A
discriminant function analysis. Psychiatry research, 265, pp.93-99.
Green, M. F., Horan, W. P. and Lee, J., 2019. Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia:
current evidence and future directions. World Psychiatry, 18(2), pp.146-161.
Kanfer, R. and Bufton, G. M., 2018. Job loss and job search: A social-cognitive and self-
regulation perspective. U.-C., Klehe, EAJ van Hooft,(Eds.), The oxford handbook of job
loss and job search, pp.143-158.
Knauf, R. K., Eschenbeck, H. and Hock, M., 2018. Bystanders of bullying: Social-cognitive and
affective reactions to school bullying and cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology: Journal of
Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(4).
McDonald, P., 2018. Sustainability management: Research insights from social cognitive
neuroscience. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), pp.1355-1367.
Quintana, D. S., and et. al., 2017. Dose-dependent social-cognitive effects of intranasal oxytocin
delivered with novel Breath Powered device in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a
randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial. Translational
psychiatry, 7(5), pp.e1136-e1136.
Romanowska, M. and Dobroczyński, B., 2020. Unconscious processes in Aaron Beck’s
cognitive theory: Reconstruction and discussion. Theory & Psychology, 30(2), pp.223-
242.
Boateng, H. et al. (2016) Assessing the determinants of internet banking adoption
intentions: A social cognitive theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior,
pp. 468–478.
Collins, E. I.M., Thomas J. M., Robinson, E., Aveyard, P., Jebb, S.A., Herman,
C.P., Higgs, S., 2019. Two observational studies examining the effect of a social
norm and a health message on the purchase of vegetables in student canteen
settings. Appetite, 132, pp.122–130.
Persson, R. et al., 2014. The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Help
Evasion. Health Education & Behavior, 41(1), pp.7–11.