Analysis of Globalisation's Effects on Social Determinants of Health

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of globalization on social determinants of health (SDH). It examines the relationship between globalization and SDH, emphasizing how transnational economic integration and governance structures influence health outcomes. The essay delves into the WHO's CSDH conceptual framework, exploring structural and intermediary determinants such as socioeconomic context, racism, education, occupation, and income. A case report on Rosario illustrates the complexities of implementing the WHO framework, highlighting the challenges in ensuring equitable access to healthcare. The essay further discusses the link between SDH and health outcomes, referencing the HIV surveillance system and other global initiatives. It concludes by underscoring the importance of addressing inequalities and promoting sustainable social development through effective governance and policy interventions.

Globalisation and Social Determinants
Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................2
GLOBALISATION IN RELATION TO SDH........................................................................................2
FRAMEWORK FOR SDH.......................................................................................................................4
CASE REPORT.........................................................................................................................................6
RELATION BETWEEN SDH AND HEALTH OUTCOMES..............................................................6
LINK BETWEEN GLOBALISATION AND SDH.................................................................................7
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Globalisation is considered as one of most critical aspect which promotes diverse values
in all over the world. In present era, health development and social valuation is considered as one
of most critical aspect which need to be referred properly (Labonté, 2015). Moreover, SDH is a
combination of frameworks that allows to have effective consideration of social development.
With an application of effective and systematic values the issues can also be resolved.
GLOBALISATION IN RELATION TO SDH
Globalisation is considered as key aspect in respect to the social determinants of health.
In addition to this, it can be said that SDH are considered as conditions in which person lifestyle
and work affects the opportunities in terms of healthy life. There are number of authorities who
are focused towards improvement in conditions so that health can be promoted in equalised
manner. It has been noticed that globalisation can be referred as priority activities which impacts
the transnational economic integration (Ullah, 2016). Essay is focused on the diversified
significant conceptual and methodological issues which are associated with globalisation and its
impact on Social Determinants Health. In addition to this, it can be said that globalisation
activities in terms of social development also provides an appropriate distribution in terms of
resource allocation. Also, it helps in focusing on trans-disciplinary approaches.
It has been identified that globalisation has advanced its opportunities in recent years. It
has resulted as development of appropriate forms of governance activities which are mainly
considered to resolve the challenges. It indicates that globalisation can be referred as activity
which allowed to improve governance activities. Governance broadly concerns the agreed
actions and means adopted by a society to promote collective action. As governance is need to be
managed at different levels of social aspects. Promotion of ethical working within formal and
informal institutions has been promoted (Nwankwo, 2015). In addition to this, it can be said that
the globalisation has impacted the changes in architecture comprising related to diverse health
based and non-health based institutions. With a promotion of globalisation the power sharing has
been influenced to great context which have impact on SDH. Number of organisations like
World Bank and International Monetary Fund are having continuous review of policies. For
example, the WTO has changed the standards in terms of procedures and commercial regulations
which need to be employed at international trade. It will affect the development as well because
the organisational processing and diverse activities will be influenced through such changes. In

addition to this, it can be said that Codex Alimentarious Commission is an authority who focuses
on the improvement in food standards. Authority have continuous improvement in the policies so
that healthy diet habits can be promoted. It also indicates that globalisation and changes in
standards at global level affects the social development of health. Globalisation also promotes
the factors like work coordination, transparency and accountability (Rafat, Emadzadeh and
Ahmadi, 2013). It clearly indicates that such measures create positive environment within society
and allows to have sustainable development. Along with this, effectiveness of leadership and
resource mobilisation has also been advanced due to impact of globalisation. Such aspects helps
in sustainable governance with a reference of diverse policies.
It has been witnessed that there has been diverse improvements in health status across the
world. Equality has been promoted under the development of policies at global level. Number of
standards are being promoted at global level from authorities such as FCTC (Framework
Convention Tobacco Control). It is a framework which helps in controlling the over use of
tobacco so that health values can be well maintained (Raphael, 2014). It has forced governments
and different authorities to started campaign which can create awareness about use of tobacco
and its side effect on health. As same the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA) and People
Health Movement (PHM) are also standards are being employed at the international level for
social and health development. It has allowed to provide better protection to women’s in terms of
health issues.
Governance opportunities at the global level has been advanced by developing mutual
understanding on actions. It is essential to have promotion of social values so that collective
working can be advanced in respect to meet common goals. Governance takes place whenever
people seek to organize themselves to achieve a shared end through agreed rules and procedures.
This can take place at different levels of decision-making and action. With an advancement of
globalisation the number of initiatives has been taken into account from governments (Ruckert,
2013). It has allowed to ensure that health issues can be controlled for sustainable social
development. Along with this, globalisation standards in terms of governance has motivated
authorities to design campaign which can control the traffic speed. Also the issues in terms of
road safety are also being controlled to some extent so that social development of health concept
can be promoted.

FRAMEWORK FOR SDH
It has been witnessed that social development of health is considered as one of key aspect
in today era. By having an effective valuation of measures the issues can be resolved effectively.
In addition to this, it can be said that WHO has introduced the CSDH conceptual framework in
order to advance the sustainability within society. Framework is classified in diverse forms such
as socioeconomic and political context, structural determinants, etc. Socioeconomic and political
context is combination of diverse standards and activities which assist in ensuring collective
development of society (Ruckert and Labonté, 2016). Classification of values can be as
governance, macroeconomic policies, social policies, public policies and cultural values.
According to designed framework of WHO these factors helps in creating specific developed
position. It assist in make sure that social class development is being promoted in desired
manner. Also, the policies designed in framework are having a great impact on the racism,
education, occupation and income. By having an effective development of tools the issues in
terms of racism and social development has been reduced. It has also facilitated in meeting social
standards in order to make sure that corrective measures are being taken into account.
Figure 1Conceptual framework
(Source: Labonte, 2014)

In addition to this, it can be said that developments in terms of racism, education,
occupation and income level also affects the behavioural values. For example, the level of
education in rural areas has been advanced due to application of WHO framework. It has allowed
people to attain better job opportunities which will improve the psychosocial development. It has
created a motivated environment and ensure that long term sustainability has been promoted. It
has reduced the issue in terms of living, working and food. It means the proper standards in
terms of all aspects has also affected the health values in positive manner (Patil, 2013). It has
also improved the transparency and attracted people to consider equality a critical aspect.
Improvement in governance activities with a consideration of global level standards the impact
on health and well-being has also been advanced to great context. Effective coordination
between authorities with reference of standards has also allowed to develop health system in
systematic manner. It has improved long term sustainability in terms of health system and
allowed to make sure that issues regarding health are being resolved (Derler, Hanser and
Slamanig, 2014).
One of key fundamental that has been considered by authorities is to reduce the
inequalities in the distribution of socioeconomic factors. It means the framework allowed to
advance the improvement in respect to structural determinants. Classification of determinants
can be as income and education. It has allowed to have better control over poverty and lead to
sustainable social development. Second option relates to the specific or intermediary
determinants that mediate the effect of socioeconomic position on health, such as smoking or
working conditions (Yeates, 2014). It also indicates that number of policies are being framed in
order to control the unethical practice which might affect the health situations. It is also one of
key reason that standard of no smoking in public area has employed by governments of different
nations. It has also impacted positively on the health values and allowed to ensure that smoking
is not affecting heath conditions due to over use. However, it has reduced the job opportunities
because less use of tobacco has decreased the work opportunities in terms of tobacco sector.
In order to resolve the issue the policies in terms of employment development has been
introduced. Workplace standards has been improved which allowed to make sure that better job
opportunities are being offered. Framework is also being set out in terms to focus effectively on
the reverse effect of health status on socioeconomic position. Number of standards are being set
out in terms of income level improvement. It helps in ensure that if person is spending its income

ratio on health treatments then it must be in balanced manner (Al Thawadi, 2013). It was
essential because high level of spending on health treatments and facilities might also affect the
average income which might be a critical issue. However, reports on globalisation and SDH also
indicates that few areas are still need to be improved. It is because the application of WHO
framework is complex which has benefitted some people. But the standards are not being
promoted properly to all levels of society.
CASE REPORT
In order to provide better support to the statement “application of WHO framework is
complex which has benefitted some people, but the standards are not being promoted properly to
all levels of society ” the case of Rosario can be analysed. Rosario is resembled is considered as
infants in the community who are under nourished. In the case it has been identified that she had
heart issue. According to detailed analysis of case, it can be said that physician has suggested
three drugs which were costing worth $4.50, equivalent to three days wages for Rosario's father.
It was one of key reason that Rosario was not responding to the treatment due to high costing of
drugs which was not affordable at her hand. It has also impacted the effectiveness of treatment
process and caused negative impact on the health. In order to resolve the issues, her father has
borrowed additional $7.50 from external sources so that better treatment can be provided at
private hospital (Nwankwo, 2015).
The cost of the overnight stay plus dextrose and other drugs came to $15. She was
brought back home and died within a week. Rosario was a year and a half old. It can be
considered as one of key example of weakness in WHO framework. The case study is mainly
referred by the Philippine health system in order to ensure about standards and development. It
is a case where the standards application was not appropriate which has caused the development.
If the statements are developed properly then it affect the social development in negative
manner. In addition to this, it can be said that by having an effective continuous improvements in
the standards and offering financial support under governance polices the issue can be resolved.
Along with this, it has been noticed that through application of financial policies the significance
of WHO framework can be advanced in current era (Rafat, Emadzadeh and Ahmadi, 2013).
RELATION BETWEEN SDH AND HEALTH OUTCOMES
In addition to this, it can be said that SDH policies has employed to great context in order
to have sustainable development. Proper consideration of SDH has improved the standards in

terms of health system which has allowed to ensure that issue in regard to specific disease is
being controlled. Number of guidelines has been introduced at global level for better health
outcomes. For example, it can be said that for AIDS the HIV surveillance system has been
developed. It has advanced the awareness about the health issue among people at global level
(Raphael, 2014). Along with this, studies on impact of economic factors on diagnosis process has
been covered. It has made understand about the key issues which assist in meeting sustainability.
On the basis of such information the changes in policies has been referred properly. It has been
witnessed that social determinants of health are considered as health system situation. In this,
diverse factors related to political structure, income, education, occupation and resources has
been taken into account.
Moreover, there are few SDH policies which are creating situation of health inequalities
within few of nations. It is significant for authorities to have improvement in SDH policies so
that health inequalities issues can be resolved. By having an effective development of norms the
health issues are being overcome. In addition to this, it can be said that by having a consideration
of SDH variables the health system valuation has been strengthen. It has allowed to meet
standards in more accurate manner (Ruckert and Labonté, 2016).
LINK BETWEEN GLOBALISATION AND SDH
It has been witnessed that policy coherence and coordination has been advanced in recent
years due to application of global factors. WHO and other organisations are having an
improvement in policies so that overall social development can be promoted. UN system has also
employed the structural improvements in governance practice of nations which are listed under
UN and G8. Number of social challenges in terms of health are being resolved so that long term
sustainability can be well maintained. Along with this, mechanism to have systematic
identification of issues has also been considered for better opportunities. It has also created a
awareness among the world to understand the significance of policies. Number of efforts are
being made to advance the engagement so that issues can be resolved (Patil, 2013). Civil society
improvements and further aspects are also there which need to be referred properly so that key
outcome can be advanced. Despite this apparent broadening of stakeholder involvement, a more
systematic and critical assessment of the representativeness, quality of transparency and
accountability remains needed for most global institutions concerned with the SDH. Through
application of such measures the work process in terms of social development and governance

can be advanced to great context. In addition to this, it can be said that economic aspects at
global level can also be advanced through application of diverse standards in terms of SDH.
World health assembly has also improved the scope in terms of public health promotion (Derler,
Hanser and Slamanig, 2014). By having an effective development of measures the issues can be
resolved in desired manner.
CONCLUSION
As per the above study, it can be said that by having globalisation plays a critical role in
improving social development. It has been identified that there are number of authorities who are
focused towards improvement in standards. By having an effective development of standards in
terms of health policies and governance aspects the issues can be resolved. Number of standards
are being set out in terms of income level improvement. It helps in ensure that if person is
spending its income ratio on health treatments then it must be in balanced manner.

REFERENCES
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Yeates, N. ed., 2014. Understanding global social policy. Policy Press.
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Online
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review paper. [PDF]. Available
through<http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/globalization.pdf>. Accessed
on:[28 Oct, 2017].