This essay delves into the issue of social inequality in Australia, focusing specifically on racial inequality. It provides evidence of the existence of discrimination, tracing its roots in both historical and contemporary contexts, highlighting governmental negligence and non-compliance with human rights standards. The essay explores the impact of racism on the health, well-being, and life trajectories of both dominant and non-dominant racial groups, including its effects on economic growth, human rights, and social justice. Furthermore, it examines various sociological theories, including functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and consequences of social inequality. The essay references relevant legislation, such as the Racial Discrimination Act of 1975, and provides statistics from the Australian Human Rights Commission to support its arguments. It concludes by emphasizing the lasting effects of racial discrimination and the importance of addressing these inequalities to promote a more just and equitable society.