Research on Social Media Impact on Nepal Tourism Performance: Analysis
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This report delves into the significant impact of social media on the performance of the tourism sector in Nepal. It begins with an introduction to the importance of tourism in Nepal's economy and the role of social media in promoting its attractions. The report outlines the objectives, scope, and methodology of the research, including both primary and secondary data collection. A comprehensive literature review explores conceptual frameworks and empirical studies, focusing on how social media influences tourist behavior and marketing strategies. The research poses key questions and hypotheses regarding social media's effects on revenue, service flexibility, and networking within the tourism industry. The report details the research design, limitations, and a time schedule for the project. The conclusion emphasizes social media's crucial role in modern tourism, enhancing promotion and connectivity for businesses and tourists alike. The report provides valuable insights into the dynamics between social media and Nepal's tourism, highlighting the industry's potential for growth and the importance of online presence.
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BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 1
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL
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IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL
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Table of Contents
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL.....................4
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
2.0 Objectives..................................................................................................................................5
3.0 The Scope of the Research........................................................................................................6
4.0 Literature Review......................................................................................................................6
4.1 Review of Conceptual Framework........................................................................................6
4.2 Review of Empirical Studies.................................................................................................7
4.3 Social Media and Social Media Marketer.............................................................................8
4.4 Online Communication Goals...............................................................................................8
5.0 Research Questions and Hypothesis..........................................................................................9
5.1 Questions...............................................................................................................................9
5.1.1 Primary Question............................................................................................................9
5.1.2 Secondary Questions......................................................................................................9
5.2 Hypothesis...........................................................................................................................10
6.0 Research Design and Methodology.........................................................................................10
7.0 Research Limitations...............................................................................................................11
8.0 Time Schedule (Research plan)...............................................................................................11
9.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................13
Table of Contents
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL.....................4
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
2.0 Objectives..................................................................................................................................5
3.0 The Scope of the Research........................................................................................................6
4.0 Literature Review......................................................................................................................6
4.1 Review of Conceptual Framework........................................................................................6
4.2 Review of Empirical Studies.................................................................................................7
4.3 Social Media and Social Media Marketer.............................................................................8
4.4 Online Communication Goals...............................................................................................8
5.0 Research Questions and Hypothesis..........................................................................................9
5.1 Questions...............................................................................................................................9
5.1.1 Primary Question............................................................................................................9
5.1.2 Secondary Questions......................................................................................................9
5.2 Hypothesis...........................................................................................................................10
6.0 Research Design and Methodology.........................................................................................10
7.0 Research Limitations...............................................................................................................11
8.0 Time Schedule (Research plan)...............................................................................................11
9.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................13
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 3
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 1.................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 2.................................................................................................................................17
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 1.................................................................................................................................16
Appendix 2.................................................................................................................................17
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 4
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL
1.0 Introduction
Tourism is described as main industry in Nepal. It is considered as one of the main
sources of foreign income and revenue where it contributes more to the growth of the national
economy of Nepal. It is small land rock country in South-East Asia. Nepal’s is one of the most
adventurous destinations for the visitors to be taken in order to diverse culture and for the people
who are also looking for various knowledge, learning and entertaining. There are different
purposes of the people visiting in Nepal.
Nepal is the attraction for the endangerment and happening ambition for the people
around the world. Not only for Nepal but also tourism is studious as one of the most important
sectors to give rise to foreign exchange and revenue for different nations. Tourism is a
germinating industry for any country with great future for investment. Nepal is building up the
value of its beauty, adventurous destination, colorful places and also its highest peak in the world
- Mount Everest, historical background, hospitality, etc.
Nepal is rated as the top ten targeted places for the adventure trip of the world. Nepal has
a lot of history attracting the mind of people willing to experience the different lives and
concepts of the decades. Mainly it is the attraction point for the Mountaineers, rock climbers and
especially people looking for the adventure journey. As Nepal is rich in tourism sector but only
being appropriate is not sufficient and now here comes the social media. Social media plays a
role of supporter where it helps to promote the adventure sites of Nepal in all around the world.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM IN NEPAL
1.0 Introduction
Tourism is described as main industry in Nepal. It is considered as one of the main
sources of foreign income and revenue where it contributes more to the growth of the national
economy of Nepal. It is small land rock country in South-East Asia. Nepal’s is one of the most
adventurous destinations for the visitors to be taken in order to diverse culture and for the people
who are also looking for various knowledge, learning and entertaining. There are different
purposes of the people visiting in Nepal.
Nepal is the attraction for the endangerment and happening ambition for the people
around the world. Not only for Nepal but also tourism is studious as one of the most important
sectors to give rise to foreign exchange and revenue for different nations. Tourism is a
germinating industry for any country with great future for investment. Nepal is building up the
value of its beauty, adventurous destination, colorful places and also its highest peak in the world
- Mount Everest, historical background, hospitality, etc.
Nepal is rated as the top ten targeted places for the adventure trip of the world. Nepal has
a lot of history attracting the mind of people willing to experience the different lives and
concepts of the decades. Mainly it is the attraction point for the Mountaineers, rock climbers and
especially people looking for the adventure journey. As Nepal is rich in tourism sector but only
being appropriate is not sufficient and now here comes the social media. Social media plays a
role of supporter where it helps to promote the adventure sites of Nepal in all around the world.
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BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 5
Nepal is a small beautiful country. It’s not important that all people around the world are
well known about the place. The social media helps to mention and encourage the tourist to visit
and experience the beautiful feeling of the amazing views of mountains and rivers. Nepal is
expressed as the sources of natural beauty. Besides this, the social media adds the direct and
indirect promotions that increase the number of tourists and hence the induced opportunity for
income. As the internet is one of the major ways in today’s world to generate the new
information and for communications. Social media is not only useful for the exploration but also
can be very useful for the decision making and visual impact of the designed destination.
2.0 Objectives
The following are the objectives of
i. To understand the role played by the social media in the tourism sector.
ii. Analyze components of the recognized worth of the people through the social media for
the purpose destination stop.
iii. To understand the polished assistance or services that the social media can offer and
make it flexible.
iv. To recognize the development in revenue of the tourism sector in Nepal.
v. To analyze the encounter how social media is impacting tourism industry.
vi. To establish how social media can be integrated into the tourism sector for the purposes
of travel networking.
vii. To describe the potential of tourism with possible data sources
Nepal is a small beautiful country. It’s not important that all people around the world are
well known about the place. The social media helps to mention and encourage the tourist to visit
and experience the beautiful feeling of the amazing views of mountains and rivers. Nepal is
expressed as the sources of natural beauty. Besides this, the social media adds the direct and
indirect promotions that increase the number of tourists and hence the induced opportunity for
income. As the internet is one of the major ways in today’s world to generate the new
information and for communications. Social media is not only useful for the exploration but also
can be very useful for the decision making and visual impact of the designed destination.
2.0 Objectives
The following are the objectives of
i. To understand the role played by the social media in the tourism sector.
ii. Analyze components of the recognized worth of the people through the social media for
the purpose destination stop.
iii. To understand the polished assistance or services that the social media can offer and
make it flexible.
iv. To recognize the development in revenue of the tourism sector in Nepal.
v. To analyze the encounter how social media is impacting tourism industry.
vi. To establish how social media can be integrated into the tourism sector for the purposes
of travel networking.
vii. To describe the potential of tourism with possible data sources
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 6
3.0 The Scope of the Research
This paper focuses on establishing the relationship that exists between social media and tourism
sector. The report will also show how social media has impacted, either positively or negatively,
the performance of tourism sector in Nepal.
4.0 Literature Review
4.1 Review of Conceptual Framework
According to the Admin (2010), the Social media platform is a key tool to make the
advertisement of the tourism industry for making people realize the things around the world and
travel and experience their passion of traveling. Social media is mainly used during before the
trip stage for information search purpose (Cox et al, 2009 as cited in Fotis et al, 2012).
Gretzel, Yoo, and Purifoy (2007) reported how the tours and travel and hospitality
players use the social media opinions and posts from the prospective clients’ to make informed
decisions in the tourism industry. Usually, people post their travel experiences in their social
media platforms, using these social interactions, tourists and tour & travel agencies make
decisions on travel destinations (Beresford Research, 2009; Buhalis & Law, 2008 as cited in
Lange & Elliot, 2012). Nguyen and Wang (2011) explain that the marketing variables of social
media such as encouraging the expected destination for tourist or visitors and make the potential
visitors to enlist the customers to influence the criteria. In the contemporary business world,
social media is crowned for use by the business people as an important network to be managed
for the business to make the area growth and put the strategies in order to gain the expected goal
or objective.
3.0 The Scope of the Research
This paper focuses on establishing the relationship that exists between social media and tourism
sector. The report will also show how social media has impacted, either positively or negatively,
the performance of tourism sector in Nepal.
4.0 Literature Review
4.1 Review of Conceptual Framework
According to the Admin (2010), the Social media platform is a key tool to make the
advertisement of the tourism industry for making people realize the things around the world and
travel and experience their passion of traveling. Social media is mainly used during before the
trip stage for information search purpose (Cox et al, 2009 as cited in Fotis et al, 2012).
Gretzel, Yoo, and Purifoy (2007) reported how the tours and travel and hospitality
players use the social media opinions and posts from the prospective clients’ to make informed
decisions in the tourism industry. Usually, people post their travel experiences in their social
media platforms, using these social interactions, tourists and tour & travel agencies make
decisions on travel destinations (Beresford Research, 2009; Buhalis & Law, 2008 as cited in
Lange & Elliot, 2012). Nguyen and Wang (2011) explain that the marketing variables of social
media such as encouraging the expected destination for tourist or visitors and make the potential
visitors to enlist the customers to influence the criteria. In the contemporary business world,
social media is crowned for use by the business people as an important network to be managed
for the business to make the area growth and put the strategies in order to gain the expected goal
or objective.
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 7
4.2 Review of Empirical Studies
Monica (2013) reported that Facebook alone generated some 1 trillion page visits every
month, and social media sites, from Facebook to Twitter, have 2.1 trillion hits (page views).
Hudson, Roth & Madden (2012) reports on how Facebook has impacted positively in
information dissemination by the tourists through sharing of their tourism experiences from
various parts of the world. It has been established that 76% of people post their tourism
experiences on their Facebook pages from which 40% reaches new people who as a result learn
about various touring destinations. The report also found that more than 90% of prospective
tourists fall for the information they gathered from social media platforms. They claimed to
depend on that information to make their travel decisions. However, 48% of the tourists social
who use platforms stick to their travel plans regardless of the recommendations.
(O’Donnell, 2012), acknowledge how the social media has played a great role in shaping
travel decisions by the tourists and tours firms and agencies. From the findings, 44% of the
participants used the other people’s opinions to make travel decisions. Others accepted to have
used other online platforms to make their decisions. The 37% of those questioned use inline
travel forums, 27% use Facebook, 24% use Youtube, and 22% use Pinterest. PYC Nepal Journal
of Management, 9(1), 2016/Social Media Marketing in Nepal/ Sthapit & Khadka acknowledged
having depended on other tourists reviews to make travel decisions. It was observed that they use
online travel communities and travel companies’ websites to derive their travel plans and make
important travel decisions (Jashi, 2013).
Khadka (2016) and Gauchan (2015) probed into the use of social media in tour/travel and
air ticket marketing in Nepal, respectively. Khadka (2016) found travel agencies’ use of SMSs
target to give information to tourists mostly on product and price in Nepal.
4.2 Review of Empirical Studies
Monica (2013) reported that Facebook alone generated some 1 trillion page visits every
month, and social media sites, from Facebook to Twitter, have 2.1 trillion hits (page views).
Hudson, Roth & Madden (2012) reports on how Facebook has impacted positively in
information dissemination by the tourists through sharing of their tourism experiences from
various parts of the world. It has been established that 76% of people post their tourism
experiences on their Facebook pages from which 40% reaches new people who as a result learn
about various touring destinations. The report also found that more than 90% of prospective
tourists fall for the information they gathered from social media platforms. They claimed to
depend on that information to make their travel decisions. However, 48% of the tourists social
who use platforms stick to their travel plans regardless of the recommendations.
(O’Donnell, 2012), acknowledge how the social media has played a great role in shaping
travel decisions by the tourists and tours firms and agencies. From the findings, 44% of the
participants used the other people’s opinions to make travel decisions. Others accepted to have
used other online platforms to make their decisions. The 37% of those questioned use inline
travel forums, 27% use Facebook, 24% use Youtube, and 22% use Pinterest. PYC Nepal Journal
of Management, 9(1), 2016/Social Media Marketing in Nepal/ Sthapit & Khadka acknowledged
having depended on other tourists reviews to make travel decisions. It was observed that they use
online travel communities and travel companies’ websites to derive their travel plans and make
important travel decisions (Jashi, 2013).
Khadka (2016) and Gauchan (2015) probed into the use of social media in tour/travel and
air ticket marketing in Nepal, respectively. Khadka (2016) found travel agencies’ use of SMSs
target to give information to tourists mostly on product and price in Nepal.
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BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 8
4.3 Social Media and Social Media Marketer
Nowadays, Facebook has been the most important source for the social media which
provides essential figures with more than one option in the related field. The countries like
Canada, United States, Australia and the United Kingdom has the highest number of trekkers
who use social platforms today. Below is the table of a country showing the population of users
and Facebook users’ national proportion is stated below:
Country Number of Facebook user The Proportion of National Population
Using FacebookNetherland 6,600,340 39.33%
Denmark 2,849,260 51.66%
Switzerland 2,839,560 37.25%
Austria 2,765,000 33.66%
Total 326,328,480
Number of tourist departure from Nepal (2016)
4.4 Online Communication Goals
Social media is the most utilized method in traveling the world. New technologies around
the world have made the advertising easy and quicker. Online networking has offered new ways
in which customers of travel business connect socially, by incorporating data and
correspondence innovation, social cooperation, and the development of words, pictures,
recordings, and sounds. (Sthapit & Khadka, 2016)
Online promotion can be considered as a reliable instrument to promote tourism and
friendliness industry in any nation. Ž ivković, Gajić, and Brdar described web-based social
networking, as minimal effort and predisposition free and it would speak to a favorable position
for showcasing interchanges. (Živković, Gajić & Brdar, 2014).
4.3 Social Media and Social Media Marketer
Nowadays, Facebook has been the most important source for the social media which
provides essential figures with more than one option in the related field. The countries like
Canada, United States, Australia and the United Kingdom has the highest number of trekkers
who use social platforms today. Below is the table of a country showing the population of users
and Facebook users’ national proportion is stated below:
Country Number of Facebook user The Proportion of National Population
Using FacebookNetherland 6,600,340 39.33%
Denmark 2,849,260 51.66%
Switzerland 2,839,560 37.25%
Austria 2,765,000 33.66%
Total 326,328,480
Number of tourist departure from Nepal (2016)
4.4 Online Communication Goals
Social media is the most utilized method in traveling the world. New technologies around
the world have made the advertising easy and quicker. Online networking has offered new ways
in which customers of travel business connect socially, by incorporating data and
correspondence innovation, social cooperation, and the development of words, pictures,
recordings, and sounds. (Sthapit & Khadka, 2016)
Online promotion can be considered as a reliable instrument to promote tourism and
friendliness industry in any nation. Ž ivković, Gajić, and Brdar described web-based social
networking, as minimal effort and predisposition free and it would speak to a favorable position
for showcasing interchanges. (Živković, Gajić & Brdar, 2014).
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 9
5.0 Research Questions and Hypothesis
5.1 Questions
5.1.1 Primary Question
What are the impacts of social media on the performance of tourism sector in Nepal?
5.1.2 Secondary Questions
i. What is the importance of social media in the tourism industry?
ii. What are the services that the social media offer makes tourism sector flexible?
iii. How tourism sector contributes to the generation of revenue for Nepal?
iv. What is the encounter of the social media in the tourism industry?
v. What are the abilities of the social media in networking process for the travels?
vi. What is the potential growth of tourism sector in Nepal?
vii. What is the influence of social media on travel customers?
5.2 Hypothesis
i. Nepal has attractive tourist destinations.
ii. Tourism is the largest contributor to the economy in Nepal
iii. Social media plays a bigger role in the growth of tourism sector.
iv. Most people use social media platforms to share their tourism experience.
v. Social media is being used by tourism players to advertise their services.
6.0 Research Design and Methodology
A mixed approach consisting of the qualitative and quantitative designs has been adopted to
attain the study objectives. Based on descriptive and analytical research design, the study made
5.0 Research Questions and Hypothesis
5.1 Questions
5.1.1 Primary Question
What are the impacts of social media on the performance of tourism sector in Nepal?
5.1.2 Secondary Questions
i. What is the importance of social media in the tourism industry?
ii. What are the services that the social media offer makes tourism sector flexible?
iii. How tourism sector contributes to the generation of revenue for Nepal?
iv. What is the encounter of the social media in the tourism industry?
v. What are the abilities of the social media in networking process for the travels?
vi. What is the potential growth of tourism sector in Nepal?
vii. What is the influence of social media on travel customers?
5.2 Hypothesis
i. Nepal has attractive tourist destinations.
ii. Tourism is the largest contributor to the economy in Nepal
iii. Social media plays a bigger role in the growth of tourism sector.
iv. Most people use social media platforms to share their tourism experience.
v. Social media is being used by tourism players to advertise their services.
6.0 Research Design and Methodology
A mixed approach consisting of the qualitative and quantitative designs has been adopted to
attain the study objectives. Based on descriptive and analytical research design, the study made
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 10
use of both primary and secondary data. As the social media in question, the study chose the
travel intermediaries’ sites on Facebook and Google+; as AET report (2013), as well as Monica
(2013) and Jashi (2013), identified Facebook as one of the best places for a travel intermediary
to start off the marketing action on any social media.
The study made use of both primary surveys (through a self-administered questionnaire
separately) and secondary data search from the social media. Using a convenience sampling
technique, it chose 100 travel intermediaries from a “random draw of lottery” from the list of
intermediaries, which as per the Nepal Government’s MoCTCA (2013) number nearly 2,200 in
part of Nepal, main tourism and travel business hub of Nepal. For primary data survey, it
sampled 100 potential travel-service customers intercepted at the key travel intermediary offices.
The survey was performed in three months’ time between March and May 2016.
7.0 Research Limitations
The study suffers from a few limitations. It was conducted within a limited period and with
limited resources; and secondary data were drawn from the travel intermediaries’ Facebook and
Google+ sites only. On the other hand, the primary survey was based on a convenience sampling
method, the non-probability sampling technique; and the survey was limited only to small area,
the main tourism and travel business hub of Nepal. Likewise, only a limited number of analytical
and statistical tools were used in analyzing the data.
8.0 Time Schedule (Research plan)
ACTIVITY APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
use of both primary and secondary data. As the social media in question, the study chose the
travel intermediaries’ sites on Facebook and Google+; as AET report (2013), as well as Monica
(2013) and Jashi (2013), identified Facebook as one of the best places for a travel intermediary
to start off the marketing action on any social media.
The study made use of both primary surveys (through a self-administered questionnaire
separately) and secondary data search from the social media. Using a convenience sampling
technique, it chose 100 travel intermediaries from a “random draw of lottery” from the list of
intermediaries, which as per the Nepal Government’s MoCTCA (2013) number nearly 2,200 in
part of Nepal, main tourism and travel business hub of Nepal. For primary data survey, it
sampled 100 potential travel-service customers intercepted at the key travel intermediary offices.
The survey was performed in three months’ time between March and May 2016.
7.0 Research Limitations
The study suffers from a few limitations. It was conducted within a limited period and with
limited resources; and secondary data were drawn from the travel intermediaries’ Facebook and
Google+ sites only. On the other hand, the primary survey was based on a convenience sampling
method, the non-probability sampling technique; and the survey was limited only to small area,
the main tourism and travel business hub of Nepal. Likewise, only a limited number of analytical
and statistical tools were used in analyzing the data.
8.0 Time Schedule (Research plan)
ACTIVITY APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
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BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 11
Proposal development
Proposal submission to supervisor and correction
Data collection and analysis
Project submission to the supervisor
9.0 Conclusion
The social media is the best way for marketing in the tourism sector. It has become a
necessity for today’s world to cope up with their expectations. It has become the part of people's
everyday life. The social media has been the unique tool for the business people who are using
this tool for their living purposes. The presence of social media in tourism industry makes the
process reliable for the users all around the world. The beauty of Nepal has an extinct power to
attract the tourist around the world. The tourism population percentage is in increasing trend
each year in Nepal. The above data shows the population using the social media and the chances
of the tourism sector of Nepal are rapidly higher in attracting the tourist.
Proposal development
Proposal submission to supervisor and correction
Data collection and analysis
Project submission to the supervisor
9.0 Conclusion
The social media is the best way for marketing in the tourism sector. It has become a
necessity for today’s world to cope up with their expectations. It has become the part of people's
everyday life. The social media has been the unique tool for the business people who are using
this tool for their living purposes. The presence of social media in tourism industry makes the
process reliable for the users all around the world. The beauty of Nepal has an extinct power to
attract the tourist around the world. The tourism population percentage is in increasing trend
each year in Nepal. The above data shows the population using the social media and the chances
of the tourism sector of Nepal are rapidly higher in attracting the tourist.
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 12
References
Admin, A. (2010) Five major types of online marketing. Retrieved from:
http://www.nohypeinside.com/5-major-types-of-online-marketing [Accessed 14th May 2018].
AET, (2013) The director of public relations. American Express Travel. Retrieved from:
http://www.slideshare.net/traveltech solutions [Accessed 14th May 2018].
Bishnu Prasad Gautam, (2011) Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal. NRB Economic
Review. Vol 23-2. Available at http://www.tourism.gov.np/uploaded/statistics2010.pdf
[Accessed 14th May 2014].
Cox, C., Burgess. S., Sellitto, C., & Buultjens, J. (2009) The Role of User-generated Content in
Tourists’ travel planning Behavior. In Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., & Rossides, N. (2012). Social media
use and impact during the holiday travel planning process. Retrieved from:
http://www.academia.edu/1324948/Fotis_J._Buhalis_D._and_Rossides_N._2012._Socialmedia_
use_and_impact_during_the_holida [Accessed 14th May 2018].
Gauchan, B. (2015) Impact of social media programmes of Nepali travel and tour operators on
the purchase of air travel services. (An unpublished masters dissertation, the University of West
of England).
Gretzel, U., Yoo, K.H., & Purifoy, M. (2007) Role and Impact of online travel reviews.
Laboratory for intelligent systems in tourism, Texas A&M University. Retrieved from:
http://www.tripadvisor.com/pdfs/Online [Accessed 14th May 2018]
References
Admin, A. (2010) Five major types of online marketing. Retrieved from:
http://www.nohypeinside.com/5-major-types-of-online-marketing [Accessed 14th May 2018].
AET, (2013) The director of public relations. American Express Travel. Retrieved from:
http://www.slideshare.net/traveltech solutions [Accessed 14th May 2018].
Bishnu Prasad Gautam, (2011) Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal. NRB Economic
Review. Vol 23-2. Available at http://www.tourism.gov.np/uploaded/statistics2010.pdf
[Accessed 14th May 2014].
Cox, C., Burgess. S., Sellitto, C., & Buultjens, J. (2009) The Role of User-generated Content in
Tourists’ travel planning Behavior. In Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., & Rossides, N. (2012). Social media
use and impact during the holiday travel planning process. Retrieved from:
http://www.academia.edu/1324948/Fotis_J._Buhalis_D._and_Rossides_N._2012._Socialmedia_
use_and_impact_during_the_holida [Accessed 14th May 2018].
Gauchan, B. (2015) Impact of social media programmes of Nepali travel and tour operators on
the purchase of air travel services. (An unpublished masters dissertation, the University of West
of England).
Gretzel, U., Yoo, K.H., & Purifoy, M. (2007) Role and Impact of online travel reviews.
Laboratory for intelligent systems in tourism, Texas A&M University. Retrieved from:
http://www.tripadvisor.com/pdfs/Online [Accessed 14th May 2018]
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 13
Hudson, S., Roth, S. M., & Madden, J.T. (2012) Customer communications management in the
new digital era. Center for Marketing Studies, Darla Moore school of business, University of
South Carolina, 21
Joshi, C. (2013) The significance of social media marketing in tourism, Conference paper in 8th
Silk Road International Conference on Development of Tourism in Black and Caspian Seas
Regions. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273145588 [Accessed 14th
May 2014].
Khadka, I. (2016) The use of social media in travel intermediaries’ marketing activities. (An
unpublished masters’ thesis, Tribhuvan University).
Lange, W., & Elliot, S. (2012) Understanding the role of social media in destination marketing.
Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 7(1), 196-206.
Lim, W. (2010) The Effects of social media networks in the hospitality industry. [online]
Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu. Available at: http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1694&context=thesesdissertations [Accessed 14th May 2018].
MoCTCA. (2013) Travel and Tours agencies. Ministry of Cultural Tourism and Civil Aviation.
Retrieved from: http://www.tourism.gov.np/np [Accessed 14th May 2014].
Monica, P. (2013) Social media tools for travel agents. Retrieved from
http://www.travelagewest.com/travel-news/travel-agent-tools/social-media-tool-for-travel-
agents/#.vfgwodkqqko [Accessed 14th May 2018].
Nepal Tourism Statistics, (2016). Singha Durbar, Kathmandu. Retrieved from
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BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 15
APPENDIX
Appendix 1
Private sector support services
Guiding Services
Travel Insurance
Finance service
Public Sector Support Services
National Tourist Organization
Visa &Passport Offices
Destination Management Organization
Government
Travel Agents
Local Community & Authority
Tour Operators & Brokers
(source: Holloway & Taylor 2006)
APPENDIX
Appendix 1
Private sector support services
Guiding Services
Travel Insurance
Finance service
Public Sector Support Services
National Tourist Organization
Visa &Passport Offices
Destination Management Organization
Government
Travel Agents
Local Community & Authority
Tour Operators & Brokers
(source: Holloway & Taylor 2006)
BUSINESS RESEARCH ON TOURISM IN NEPAL 16
Appendix 2
Hardware tools
Notebook Computer
Smartphone with Wi-Fi
Social Networking Facebook
Facebook Profile
Facebook Application
Facebook Pages
Software Tools
Consumer relationship Management Software
Browser with Social & Google Plug-ins
Website & Blog Tool
The website
The blog
Microsites
Document Sharing
Dropbox
SlideShare
Appendix 2
Hardware tools
Notebook Computer
Smartphone with Wi-Fi
Social Networking Facebook
Facebook Profile
Facebook Application
Facebook Pages
Software Tools
Consumer relationship Management Software
Browser with Social & Google Plug-ins
Website & Blog Tool
The website
The blog
Microsites
Document Sharing
Dropbox
SlideShare
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