Social Policy: Historical Development and Impact Report

This report provides a detailed examination of social policy, focusing on its historical development in Britain from 1601 to the present, with an emphasis on the period after 1945. It explores the evolution of social policies, including the influence of ideology, particularly the shift from socialist ideals to Thatcherism and New Labour's approaches. The report analyzes the impact of key legislation, such as the Children Act, and the processes involved in parliamentary bill development. It covers topics including the Old Poor Law, the establishment of the NHS, and the impact of devolution. Furthermore, the report looks at the evolution of social policy and its impact on public health and social care. The document examines the changes in ideology and the impact on modern social policies, including the influence of the New Right, neo-liberalism, and neo-conservatism, as well as the role of devolution in the UK. Overall, the report provides a thorough overview of the key factors shaping social policy and its implications for society.

Health and Social Care
Unit Title and Number: Social Policy Unit 7
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Table of contents pages
Introduction 1
1.1 ……. 2
1.2 …………………………… 4
2.1…………………………………………………………………………….9

2.2 …………………………………………………………………………...10
3.1……………………………………………………………………………13
3.2…………………………………………………………………………..16
3.3 …………………………………………………………………………..22
4.1………………………………………………………………………….26
4.2……………………………………………………………………….28
References……………………………………………………………..29
Introduction
The aim of this units is to investigate the origin of social
policies ,impact,implementation and other factors relating to children Act .
1.1 Important contemporary and historical position in social policy.
British social policy, 1601-1948
Outline of this has show the consecutive
developments in British social policy till
1948.One form or another of the law lasted
for about 350 years,and consequence of
British law account is tends to be control by
the role of government. Other country has not
have similar experience,In a country that
welfare is highly developed through a
combination common provision and other

optional contributions and later supported by
government action.Before the Old
Poor Law
Throughout the Middle Ages, Christian
charity has been the support given to the
poor throughout the Europe. Churches and
monasteries has been the main organisation.
The system of operating charity benefit for
some less privilege once to live. so if they
move to other they can still survive.
In 1883 The old poor law was made for
removal and settlement.
The poor law 1834 including the workhouse
under the New poor law.
1946 National insurance Act introduced.
1948 National Assistance Act:Poor Law got
abolished and the inauguration of NHS.
1971 National insurance invalidity benefit got
introduced.

Heath Government’s proposals for a tax
credit scheme was introduced in 1972.Tax
credits become Conservative policy.
Social Security Pensions Act:State
Earnings-Related Pensions(SERPS)
introduced in 1975.
1976 lone-parent benefits got introduced.
All of these are 20th century also including
liberal Government,the end of poor
law,welfare state inter -law
Tax free child welfare was introduced to
effectively replace various child tax and
taxable allowance 1977-79.
1980 Social Security Act 1 & 2:Instead of
earnings regular payment uprating got
connected to the prices. Education Act:Local
Education Authorities allowed to choose
whether to provide school meals:fixed prices
and national nutritional guidelines got
abolished.
1984 Basic Income Research Group formed.
1991 Child support Act introduced.

1992 Disability living allowance replaces
mobility allowance and attendance allowance
for the under-65s.Disability working
allowance introduced.
2001 Children’s Tax Credit introduced-a tax
allowance for those with children.
2003 Child Tax Credit(CTC)and Working Tax
Credit(WTC)replace WFTC,DPTC and
Children’s Tax Credit.
The retire age was propose and to increase
the retirement age in 2006 by the
government’s white paper security, in 2012
personal savings was increase in line with
2008 welfare reform Act 2007 come in
force.2010 t0 2015 government policy:health
and social care integration
Immigration health surcharge (IHS) 2015.
Increase in IHS from #200 to #400
.

Brexit-The people of Britain exit,or Brexit,from the EU in a historic
referendum on Thursday June 23 2016.
1.2 Explain how changes in ideology approach since 1945 the
ideological approach have impacted modern social policies.
In British social policy POST-WAR PERIOD has became a turning
point to the development.
In 1945-1951 attempt has made to construct socialist commonwealth
:
The general election of 1945, has led to surprise the return of 1st labour
governance of the Britain. In the year 1945, The labour election tends to
manifestly declare that, this is considered to be as the socialist party. In
addition to it, Attlee government in turn has effectively created NHS and
modern welfare state and also nationalised public utilities.
1951 - 1965 conservative response was;In 1951 the victory led to
conservative rule for 13 years. In 1945 debacles conservative was
performance was remarkable and rapidly.

The post - war was settled in 1964 -1979 :
British Politics have a new course in 1960 - Both major parties has a
commitment to have access for entry into European union community
known as European Union, To the conversion to idea of planning, Its
involved a high degree of state intervention in the economy, In relation
between both the recating and control of incomes of relations to the
system. This caused problems which put the authority of government in
question. Both labour and Conservative administrations sought to assert
themselves against the trade unions.
Thatcherism, 1979-1990:
Margaret Thatcher soughted the Post -war settlement that the British have
outside the framework. The paternalistic ethos of churchill and macmillan,
the idea that government could fine-tune the economy to secure full
employment. Margaret Thatcher’s governments encourage the spread of
ownership so that Britain could become a capital owning democracy and
property owning democracy .Thatcherism sometime in accordance with the
trends of social change. and by the end of the 20th century.Britain was able
to be working indualitistic than previous years.
A New Consensus?1990-2000:

The legacy of Margaret Thatcher was the fall of two the contested and
divisive. Under the European economic Policy, the impact of economic
division under conservative party was during 1990, Then star breaking
down . Tony Blair under Labour party was able to embrace some of the
elements of Thatcherism principles.
The census in Britain had a foreign policy angle as well as economic and
social base inside the following a areas:
● Social Security
● National Insurance reform 1946
● Introduction of Nuclear Weapons
● A National Health Service
● Belief in welfare provision for all
● Full Employment
● Nationalisation of industry and public utilities
Some important Acts -Post War:
The 1944 Education Act leading to policies regarding education.
The 1945 Family Allowance Act leading to the development of policies to
support the families.
The 1946 National Insurance Act.
The 1946 National Health Service Act leading to the development health
and social care policies as standard and free health service for all.

Building on Britain’s place in the war:
Britain in turn tends to follow the policies in order to effectively extend the
impact. This in turn was also considered to be as a base for consensus
politics which in turn has been formed at home. For example:
 Britain tends to focus on effectively creating a commonwealth. India
was also given independence in the year 1947. But, the Britain has
strategically used the military base for their own welfare.
 Creation of NATO in the year 1949.
 Getting close to the Europe with the help of Early European
integration.
 Britain in turn has been unsuccessful to join EEC in the year 1963
because of the veto by the French president i.e., Charles De Gual.
On the other hand, when Charles De Gual has left from the power in
the year 1969, at that time, Britain has been considered free to
successfully join after the referendum which in turn has been put by
the Britishers in the year 1974.
The New Right and Thatcherism
Economic policies such as free market,ideology of monetarism,
privatisation and no trade unions,and reduced spending on the NHS were
introduced,Social policies included Victorian values,sceptical about welfare
state concept as wanted everybody to contribute in the economy,anti-gay
rights and anti-immigration policy,and ideology of patriotism.

The New Right,Neo-Liberalism and Neo-Conservatism:
This ideology supported individual freedom,private sector,equality of
opportunity but was against socialism and the post-war
consensus.Therefore,the social policies developed were according to these
ideological approaches leading to development of a stronger economy with
nationalism concept. Evolution and improvement in the New labour's
thinking on the state of welfare in turn argues that, there has been a
paradigm shift on the concerns associated with equality to social equality
and inclusions associated with high degree of opportunity. Social equality
and inclusions all together tends to emphasize on the social obligation,
rather than on the social rights. This tend to speculate on various social
security reforms. In addition, new right in UK is referred to as the strand of
conservatism. Margaret Thatcher in turn conceive that, the return of the
golden age where individuals tend to live in conventional family unit, non-
consideration of divorce, women staying at residential home, various
benefits for parents who live alone, tax allowance for children, etc. are key
elements which helps in solving various set of social problems.
Furthermore, it has been argued that, the women's role, traditional
marriage, traditional values, etc. were in turn considered to be as the key
component in order to hold there society together. The new right thinking in
turn is considered to be very influential at the time of Margaret Thatcher
government during 80's. The key belief associated with the new right was
that, the government must not mediate in individual people freedom and
life. Any intervention by the government will eventually cause various social
problems. The new right of the UK has also focused on differentiating

between the individuals who in turn were considered to be deserving for
welfare services and help to the poor and unemployed people.
Devolution:
Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central
government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a
regional or local level. It is a form of administrative decentralization.
Devolved territories have the power to make legislation relevant to the
area.
Devolution essentially means the transfer of powers from the UK
parliament in London to assemblies in Belfast and Cardiff,and the Scottish
Parliament in Edinburgh.Public votes were held in 1997 in Scotland and
wales,and a year later in both parts of Ireland nation due to historical and
administrative differences.
Many powers were transfer such as education,social welfare,economic
development,health,local government,housing,and social services resulting
into development of social policies to transfer nations independently.
United Kingdom has been transformed by devolution since 1999,It is
process of designed to transfered government and give more powers to the
three nations which,together with England, to make up the UK.The United
kingdom was made of England,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.
2.1 Analyse the process involved in the development of a key of
parliament.
● First Reading-The First Reading is the basic announcement to
introduce the bill.

● Second reading-It is the debate of the Introduce the first general
principles of a Bill; - It is normally throw in house,However, There are
some issues that arises in the present year which some Bills are not
controversial Example.(Law commission measures). have been
referred to a Second Reading Committee; The party have the second
readings committee and the report was accepted and report was
passed has a formal reading debate. In the house.
● Committee stage -In the House of Lords there are no other
committees . the whole House follow the same procedure The Bills
follow the committee stage, However few of Bills are bound to
committees of different house.
● Report stage -This a type of stage means that changes could be
made during the report stage if any changes should be re -adjust or
to be approved.A report may be delayed. In this case the whole
house will discuss if any adjustment needed or moved.
Third reading- Third reading is considered to be as the phase of legislative
procedure where the bill is read with all amendments and final approval by
the legislative body. This stage is followed after the report phase. It is
considered to be quite short and the bill is effectively reviewed on the final
form which in turn also includes various amendments at the earlier stage.
The final version of the bill is effectively approved and is in turn passed by
the hand which in turn is bound in the green ribbon to the Lords. The time
when the Lord tend to return the bill, then it is bound to be in the red ribbon.