University Data Analysis: Business Modeling and Statistics Report

This report presents an analysis of the Social Progress Index using data from 70 countries. The analysis covers various aspects, including child mortality rates, household air pollution, adult literacy rates, life expectancy, freedom of expression, and tolerance for immigrants. Descriptive statistics were computed to understand the distribution of variables, and confidence intervals were constructed for child mortality and tolerance for immigrants. Hypothesis testing was conducted to compare adult literacy rates between European and African countries, freedom of expression between Asian and American countries, and life expectancy at 60 between American and European countries. Furthermore, correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between life expectancy and household air pollution, as well as adult literacy and freedom of expression. The study found decreasing child mortality and air pollution deaths, and increasing literacy and freedom of expression. Significant differences were identified in literacy rates between Europe and Africa, and freedom of expression between Asia and America. The report concludes with a summary of findings and limitations of the study.

Running head: BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Business Modelling and Statistics
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s note

1BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Executive Statistics
In the present we analysed the data of Social Progress Index. The data of 70 countries was
analysed. From the analysis it is found that Child Mortality rate is decreasing. In addition death
due to Household air pollution is also decreasing. There is an increase in the Adult Literacy rates.
For most of the countries the Life Expectancy at 60 is constant. There is also an increase in the
Freedom of Expression. There is significant difference in Average Adult Literacy Rate for
European and African Countries. There is significant difference in Freedom of Expression for
Asian and American Countries. However there is no significant difference in Life Expectancy at
60 for American and European Countries. There is a high amount of correlation between Life
expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths. There is a poor relation
between Freedom of Expression and Adult Literacy Rate.

2BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Analysis...........................................................................................................................................4
Descriptive Statistics....................................................................................................................4
Continent..................................................................................................................................4
Child mortality rate..................................................................................................................4
Household air pollution attributable deaths..............................................................................4
Adult literacy rate.....................................................................................................................5
Life expectancy at 60...............................................................................................................5
Freedom of expression.............................................................................................................5
Tolerance for immigrants.........................................................................................................5
Confidence Interval......................................................................................................................6
Confidence Interval 1...............................................................................................................6
Confidence Interval 2...............................................................................................................6
Hypothesis Testing.......................................................................................................................6
Hypothesis 1.............................................................................................................................6
Hypothesis 2.............................................................................................................................6
Hypothesis 3.............................................................................................................................7
Correlation and Regression..........................................................................................................7
Regression 1.............................................................................................................................7
Regression 2.............................................................................................................................9
Conclusion and Limitations...........................................................................................................10
Appendices....................................................................................................................................11
Descriptive Statistics..................................................................................................................11
Continent................................................................................................................................11
Descriptive Statistics..............................................................................................................12
Confidence Interval....................................................................................................................15
Confidence Interval 1.............................................................................................................15
Confidence Interval 2.............................................................................................................16

3BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Hypothesis Testing.....................................................................................................................16
Hypothesis 1...........................................................................................................................16
Hypothesis2............................................................................................................................17
Hypothesis 3...........................................................................................................................17
Correlation and Regression........................................................................................................18
Regression 1...........................................................................................................................18
Regression 2...........................................................................................................................19

4BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Introduction
In the present assignment we analysed the data on Social Progress Index. The data for all
182 countries segregates by continent and countries was taken. For the ease of analysis data for
100 countries was only taken. However it was found that some of the data was missing. Thus all
missing data was removed. Subsequent to removal of missing data the data of 70 countries was
studied. The categories studied were Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Shelter, Access to Basic
Knowledge, Health and Wellness, Personal Rights and Tolerance and Inclusion. Each of the
categories had many variables. Only one variable from the categories was selected for the study.
Primarily we studied the distribution of the variables. The interval estimate of Child mortality
rate and Tolerance for immigrants was studied. Testing of means was done to analyse for
differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European and African Countries. We also analysed for
mean differences in Freedom Expression of Asian and American Countries. The mean difference
between American and European countries for Life expectancy at 60 was also studied. Attempt
is also made to test the relation of Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and
attributable death. We also fin the relation of Adult Literacy Rate and Freedom of expression
Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Continent
The selected data contains equal number of countries from Africa and Asia (table 1). The
least number of countries is from Oceania (Figure 3).
Child mortality rate
From the attribute on Nutrition and basic medical care we studied the property of Child
mortality rate. The average Child Mortality rate of the countries is 37.88 (table 2). The Child
Mortality rates for 50% of the countries is below 21.90. The minimum and maximum Child Mortality
Rate are 2.70 and 156.90 respectively. The Child Mortality Rates for 25% of the countries lies below
10.48. The Child Mortality Rates for 75% of the countries below 63.18. The variation in Child
Mortality Rates is 93%.
For most of the countries the maximum Child Mortality rates is 20 (figure 3).
Household air pollution attributable deaths
From the attribute on Shelter we studied the property of Household air pollution
attributable deaths. The average of deaths due to Household air pollution for the countries is 70.16
(table 2). The deaths due to Household air pollution for 50% of the countries are below 34.64. The
minimum and maximum number of deaths occurring due to Household air pollution in the countries
is 0 and 251.92 respectively. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 25% of the countries lie

5BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
below 4.43. The deaths due to Household air pollution for 75% of the countries below 138.04. There
is a variation of 105% in the number of deaths due to Household air pollution.
For most of the countries the maximum deaths is below 40 (figure 4).
Adult literacy rate
From the attribute on Access to basic knowledge we studied the property of Adult
Literacy Rate. The average Adult Literacy Rates of the countries is 82.36 (table2). The Adult
Literacy Rates for the countries lies between 19.10 and 100. 50% of the countries have an adult
literacy rate below 91.64. For 25% of the countries the adult literacy rate is below 72.62. For
75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 97.97. There is a variation of 25% in Adult
Literacy Rates.
Life expectancy at 60
From the attribute on Health on Wellness we studied the property of Life expectancy at
60. The average Life expectancy at 60 for the countries is 19.22 (table2). The Life expectancy at
60 for the countries lies between 15.39 and 25.48. The Life expectancy at 60 for 50% of the
countries is below 18.93. For 25% of the countries the Life expectancy at 60 is below 17.08. For
75% of the countries the adult literacy rate is above 21.29. There is a variation of 14% in Life
expectancy at 60.
Freedom of expression
From the attribute on Personal Rights we studied the property of Freedom of Expression.
The average Freedom of Expression for the countries is 9.60 (table2). The Freedom of
Expression for the countries lies between 0.00 and 16.00. The Freedom of Expression for 50% of
the countries is below 10.00. For 25% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is below 6.00.
For 75% of the countries the Freedom of Expression is above 14.00. There is a variation of 46%
in Freedom of Expression.
Tolerance for immigrants
From the attribute on Tolerance and Inclusion we studied the property of Tolerance for
immigrants. The average of tolerance for immigrants for the countries is 0.56 (table2). The
tolerance for immigrants of the countries lies between 0.23 and 0.91. The tolerance for
immigrants for 50% of the countries is below 0.56. For 25% of the countries the tolerance for
immigrants is below 0.45. For 75% of the countries the tolerance for immigrants is above 0.68.
There is a variation of 27% in tolerance for immigrants.

6BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Confidence Interval
Confidence Interval 1
We are 95% confident that the average child mortality rates lies between 29.62 and
46.14. The average child mortality rate for the 70 countries is 37.88. The 95% confidence
interval means that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of the
child mortality rate would lie between 29.62 and 46.14 (table 3).
Confidence Interval 2
We are 95% confident that the average tolerance for immigrants lies between 0.50 and
0.61. The average tolerance for immigrants for the 70 countries is 0.56. The 95% confidence
interval would mean that if another random sample of the countries is taken then the average of
the tolerance for immigrants would lie between 0.50 and 0.61 (table 4).
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis 1
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean
Adult Literacy Rates for European Countries is higher than African Countries. The test showed
that there was significant differences in Adult Literacy Rates of European Countries is higher
than African Countries, t(32) = 5.226, p = 0.000 (table 5). The test results showed that the
average Adult Literacy Rates of European countries (97.55) is higher than African Countries
(65.80).
Hypothesis 2
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that the mean
Freedom of Expression for Asian Countries and American Countries is different. The test
showed that there was significant differences in Freedom of Expression of Asian and American

7BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Countries, t(33) = -6.080, p = 0.000 (table 6). The test results showed that the average Freedom
of Expression in America (13.14) is higher than in Asia (6.24).
Hypothesis 3
A two-tailed independent sample t-test was done to test the hypothesis that mean Life
Expectancy at 60 for American Countries and European Countries is different. The test showed
that there was no significant differences in Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European
Countries, t(25) = 0.246, p = 0.808 (table 7). The test results showed that the average Life
Expectancy at 60 in America (21.22) is similar to that of European Countries (20.99).
Correlation and Regression
Regression 1
The relation between Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable
deaths is presented in Figure 1.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
f(x) = − 0.0280209732727079 x + 21.1815568220232
R² = 0.586976154129308
Relation of Life expectancy at 60 and
Household air pollution and
attributable death
Household air pollution
Life Expectancy at 60
Figure 1:Scattergram of Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and
attributable deaths

8BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
The average Life expectancy at 60 can be predicted through household air pollution and
attributable deaths through the equation:
 Life expectancy at 60 = 21.182 – 0.028*Household air pollution and attributable deaths
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0.7661 (table 8). Thus the correlation between the
variables is strong, positive and linear.
The coefficient of determination is 0.5870. Thus we can predict 58.7% of the variability in
Life expectancy at 60 through household air pollution and attributable deaths.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Life expectancy at 60 through
household air pollution and attributable deaths -
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero
H0 : β1=0
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
H1 : β1 ≠ 0
The coefficient of the response variable β1= -0.028.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.003.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable t= β1
SE =−0.028
0.003 =−9.831
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.000.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is linear relationship
between the Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths.

9BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Regression 2
The relation between Adult Literacy Rate and Freedom of Expression is presented in
Figure 2.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
f(x) = 0.0194208289572238 x + 8.00054015389733
R² = 0.0083448898905607
Relation of Adult Literacy Rate and
Freedom of expression
Adult Literacy Rate
Freedom of Expression
Figure 2:Scattergram of Adult Literacy Rate and Freedom of Expression
The average Freedom of Expression can be predicted through Adult Literacy Rate through
the equation:
 Freedom of Expression = 8.0005 +0.0194*Adult Literacy Rate
The coefficient of correlation is r = 0. 0914. Thus the correlation between the variables is
very weak, positive and linear (table 9).
The coefficient of determination is 0.0083. Thus we can predict 0.83% of the variability in
Freedom of Expression through Adult Literacy Rate.
To test the hypothesis that there is no linear relationship between Freedom of Expression through
Adult Literacy Rate -
Null Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is equal to zero

10BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
H0 : β1=0
Alternate Hypothesis The coefficient of the intercept is not equal to zero
H1 : β1 ≠ 0
The coefficient of the response variable β1= 0.019.
The standard error of the response variable SE = 0.026.
Thus the test statistics for the coefficient of response variable t= β1
SE = 0.019
0.026 =0.756
The probability of the test statistics p-value = 0.452.
Thus at 0.5 level of significance we do not reject the Null Hypothesis. Thus, there is no linear
relationship between Freedom of Expression and Adult Literacy Rate.
Conclusion and Limitations
In the present analysis we selected countries from all five continents. The analysis of the
data shows that there decline in child mortality rate, Life expectancy at 60 and deaths attributed
to household air pollution. There is an increase in Adult Literacy Rates, Freedom of Expression
and Tolerance for immigrants. The study found that there is a significant difference in the
average Adult Literacy Rate for European and African Countries and average Freedom of
Expression for Asian and American Countries. On the other hand there is no significant
difference in average Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European Countries. We can
predict to some extent Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and attributable deaths
for the countries.
The analysis done related to the data here of 70 countries. In order to make conclusive
report repeated further analysis of the data of all countries would be required. Moreover the data
belongs to 2017 only. Long term studies need to be done to conclusively tell that the justify the
results of the analysis.

11BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Appendices
Descriptive Statistics
Continent Continent
ASIA
EUROPE
ASIA
EUROPE
ASIA
ASIA
AFRICA
AFRICA
AFRICA
ASIA
ASIA
ASIA
EUROPE
AFRICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
ASIA
AFRICA
OCEANIA
EUROPE
ASIA
ASIA
AMERICA
AMERICA
AFRICA
AMERICA
AFRICA
ASIA
EUROPE
AMERICA
AFRICA
ASIA
AFRICA
EUROPE
AFRICA
ASIA
ASIA
AMERICA
AFRICA
ASIA
AMERICA
AMERICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
AMERICA
ASIA
EUROPE
EUROPE
AFRICA
AFRICA
EUROPE
AFRICA
AFRICA
AMERICA
AMERICA
AMERICA
ASIA
AMERICA
ASIA
AFRICA

12BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Data for Continent
Table 1: Count of Continent
Continent Count of Continent
AFRICA 21
AMERICA 14
ASIA 21
EUROPE 13
OCEANIA 1
Grand Total 70
AFRICA AMERICA ASIA EUROPE OCEANIA
0
5
10
15
20
25
Continent
Continent
Count
Figure 3: Count of Continent

13BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
Category 1 Category 3 Category 5: Access to Basic Knowledge Category 7: Health and Wellness Category 9 Category 11: Tolerance and Inclusion
Child mortality rate
Household air pollution
attributable deaths
Adult literacy rate
Life expectancy at 60
Freedom of expression
Tolerance for immigrants
81.1 120.4046072 56.44031 17.816 6 0.4645339
5.5 30.01404402 97.84376 19.10923 10 0.350549973
21.7 37.41328255 94.51427 22.53423 4 0.445839089
4.3 9.256757039 99.27259 21.45268 14 0.342471003
17.9 0.029898939 98.01435 19.15502 7 0.512002301
37.6 133.3230408 61.49383 18.97048 7 0.716005436
27.6 5.354066889 71.71055 19.43024 7 0.569974889
73.5 122.2229446 78.13739 16.30628 10 0.652773432
45 169.5647021 79.31117 17.90802 7 0.671495164
31.7 17.06162293 99.80526 18.72183 2 0.533406738
47.7 119.7780832 72.2253 17.90836 13 0.377081129
15.5 0.943296436 87.17253 19.6047 2 0.492373176
4.6 1.789893759 99.72204 18.82214 3 0.390106705
138.7 197.9035325 40.01824 15.81749 6 0.686657123
70.1 104.5919722 58.60132 17.8409 2 0.302551491
60.7 183.7752876 87.47019 15.97015 7 0.547975676
6.2 0.244285547 95.71726 19.65775 2 0.746128836
81.7 174.1859363 85.49609 16.51761 6 0.576450497
93.7 210.6316853 30.47279 16.74662 10 0.758293684
9.6 5.90659547 99.71957 18.55283 3 0.388796185
22.4 84.93407513 98.36764 17.1097 14 0.304204546
14.1 22.76416781 99.78785 17.49267 4 0.418773199
20.4 56.11919332 88.42458 22.27785 9 0.552804399
8.1 1.914579661 96.62755 24.41998 16 0.703060475
95.5 174.49765 19.1026 16.15692 11 0.669533304
69 144.9060626 60.68935 17.63524 10 0.416139974
64 135.5422544 65.96383 15.40001 13 0.467468892
39.1 28.40246598 99.99519 18.38441 0 0.724252366
3.5 0 99.01579 25.07679 15 0.633980181
20.4 0.858948533 98.96958 18.28497 15 0.678697776
88.6 158.6658182 37.7467 15.38898 14 0.779514712
12.3 23.38850463 93.98302 21.04971 6 0.234011526
92.6 183.17051 31.97625 16.52605 4 0.587366827
4.1 0 98.11451 25.21275 15 0.812463072
70.7 138.8763427 86.87348 17.77401 8 0.573940263
91.1 251.9167494 38.16804 15.97849 6 0.406950858
2.7 0 96.77463 25.48335 9 0.658417497
12.5 1.620767762 98.08997 21.47032 14 0.739433487
54.6 158.8409184 73.80984 17.32204 9 0.410052122
9.8 45.13313761 92.61417 20.65357 9 0.552273793
38.4 29.40098639 95.14192 21.34821 14 0.680267034
21.6 4.124168481 94.51547 22.70809 11 0.712672737
13.5 3.177534018 90.61604 20.55241 15 0.725864698
5.4 42.10351035 98.48576 20.59653 10 0.483515824
29.1 47.14955285 79.07421 21.12725 11 0.445532757
13.5 2.483050412 95.6881 21.12264 6 0.561252569
5.9 9.371960914 99.38088 20.25768 13 0.283705869
14 21.76495764 97.5539 21.58236 13 0.526178677
43.6 93.16225187 88.22441 17.22087 12 0.656885078
156.9 173.2504112 71.16416 15.75343 5 0.560513773
10.4 10.47081096 98.38858 19.55382 14 0.255592728
Data for Descriptive Statistics

14BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table 2: Descriptive statistics for the variables
Descriptive
statistics
Child
mortalit
y rate
Household
air
pollution
attributabl
e deaths
Adult
literac
y rate
Life
expectanc
y at 60
Freedom
of
expressio
n
Tolerance
for
immigrant
s
Mean 37.88 70.16 82.36 19.22 9.60 0.56
Median 21.90 34.64 91.64 18.93 10.00 0.56
Mode 20.40 0.00 #N/A #N/A 14.00 #N/A
Standard
Deviation 35.25 73.88 20.67 2.70 4.39 0.15
Range 154.20 251.92 80.89 10.09 16.00 0.67
Coefficient of
Variation 93% 105% 25% 14% 46% 27%
IQR 52.70 133.61 25.35 4.21 8.00 0.23
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Distribution of child Mortality Rate
Child Mortality Rate
Frequency
Figure 3: Distribution of Child Mortality Rate

15BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
40 80 120 160 200 240 280
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Distribution of Household Air
Pollution attributable deaths
Household Air Pollution attributable deaths
Frequency
Figure 4: Distribution of Household Air Pollution attributable Deaths
16 32 48 64 80 96 112
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Distribution of Adult Literacy Rate
Adult Literacy Rate
Frequency
Figure 5: Distribution of Adult Literacy Rates

16BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
> 16.5 18.0 19.5 21.0 22.5 24.0 25.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Life Expectancy at 60
Life Expectancy at 60
Frequency
Figure 6: Life Expectancy at 60
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Freedom of Expression
Freedom of Expression
Frequency
Figure 7: Freedom of Expression

17BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.650000000000001
0.750000000000001
0.850000000000001
0.950000000000001
0
5
10
15
20
25
Tolerance for immigrants
Tolerance for immigarnts
Frequency
Figure 8: Tolerance for Immigrants

18BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Confidence Interval
Category 1 Category 11: Tolerance and Inclusion
Child mortality rate Tolerance for immigrants
81.1 0.4645339
5.5 0.350549973
21.7 0.445839089
4.3 0.342471003
17.9 0.512002301
37.6 0.716005436
27.6 0.569974889
73.5 0.652773432
45 0.671495164
31.7 0.533406738
47.7 0.377081129
15.5 0.492373176
4.6 0.390106705
138.7 0.686657123
70.1 0.302551491
60.7 0.547975676
6.2 0.746128836
81.7 0.576450497
93.7 0.758293684
9.6 0.388796185
22.4 0.304204546
14.1 0.418773199
20.4 0.552804399
8.1 0.703060475
95.5 0.669533304
69 0.416139974
64 0.467468892
39.1 0.724252366
3.5 0.633980181
20.4 0.678697776
88.6 0.779514712
12.3 0.234011526
92.6 0.587366827
4.1 0.812463072
70.7 0.573940263
91.1 0.406950858
2.7 0.658417497
12.5 0.739433487
54.6 0.410052122
9.8 0.552273793
38.4 0.680267034
21.6 0.712672737
13.5 0.725864698
5.4 0.483515824
29.1 0.445532757
13.5 0.561252569
5.9 0.283705869
14 0.526178677
43.6 0.656885078
156.9 0.560513773
10.4 0.255592728
69.9 0.562878251
48.7 0.509028375
22.1 0.577196127
15.7 0.718688099
13.2 0.508582808
11.9 0.429108159
10.1 0.726247308
8.3 0.481596383
Data for Confidence Interval

19BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Confidence Interval 1
Table 3: Child Mortality Rate
Statistics Child mortality rate
Mean 37.88
Standard Deviation 35.25
Count 70
Standard Error 4.21
z-value 1.96
Margin of Error 8.26
Lower Limit 29.62
Upper Limit 46.14
Confidence Interval 2
Table 4: Tolerance for immigrants
Statistics Tolerance for immigrants
Mean 0.56
Standard Deviation 0.15
Count 70
Standard Error 0.02
z-value 2.96
Margin of Error 0.05
Lower Limit 0.50
Upper Limit 0.61

20BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis 1
Europe Africa
97.84376 71.71055
99.27259 78.13739
99.72204 79.31117
87.47019 40.01824
99.71957 58.60132
99.01579 85.49609
98.11451 19.1026
98.48576 65.96383
99.38088 37.7467
97.5539 31.97625
98.38858 86.87348
94.06661 73.80984
99.05978 90.61604
88.22441
71.16416
47.60014
80.3595
38.44714
79.36093
90.8205
66.53759
Category 5: Access to Basic Knowledge
Adult literacy rate
Data for test Hypothesis 1

21BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table 5: Independent Sample t-test for Average Adult Literacy Rate for European and African
Countries
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
Europe Africa
Mean 97.55 65.80
Variance 11.32 467.17
Observations 13 21
Pooled Variance 296.23
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 32
t Stat 5.226
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000
t Critical one-tail 1.694
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000
t Critical two-tail 2.037

22BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Hypothesis2
ASIA America
6 9
4 16
7 10
7 15
2 14
13 14
2 11
2 11
14 11
4 15
0 13
6 16
6 15
9 14
9
6
11
11
3
5
4
Category 9
Freedom of expression
Data for test Hypothesis 2

23BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table 6: Independent Sample t-test for Freedom of Expression for Asian and American
Countries
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
ASIA America
Mean 6.24 13.14
Variance 14.39 5.36
Observations 21 14
Pooled Variance 10.83
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 33
t Stat -6.080
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000
t Critical one-tail 1.692
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.000
t Critical two-tail 2.035

24BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Hypothesis 3
AMERICA EUROPE
22.27785 19.10923
24.41998 21.45268
17.63524 18.82214
18.28497 15.97015
21.47032 18.55283
21.34821 25.07679
22.70809 25.21275
21.12725 20.59653
21.87252 20.25768
22.39548 21.58236
22.38068 19.55382
22.0495 24.22282
17.073 22.45918
22.03144
Life expectancy at 60
Data for test Hypothesis 3
Table 7: Independent Sample t-test for Life Expectancy at 60 for American and European
Countries
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
AMERICA EUROPE
Mean 21.22 20.99
Variance 4.37 7.49
Observations 14 13
Pooled Variance 5.87
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 25
t Stat 0.246
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.404
t Critical one-tail 1.708
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.808
t Critical two-tail 2.060

25BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Correlation and Regression
Regression 1 Category 3 Category 7: Health and Wellness
Household air pollution
attributable deaths Life expectancy at 60
120.4046072 17.816
30.01404402 19.10923
37.41328255 22.53423
9.256757039 21.45268
0.029898939 19.15502
133.3230408 18.97048
5.354066889 19.43024
122.2229446 16.30628
169.5647021 17.90802
17.06162293 18.72183
119.7780832 17.90836
0.943296436 19.6047
1.789893759 18.82214
197.9035325 15.81749
104.5919722 17.8409
183.7752876 15.97015
0.244285547 19.65775
174.1859363 16.51761
210.6316853 16.74662
5.90659547 18.55283
84.93407513 17.1097
22.76416781 17.49267
56.11919332 22.27785
1.914579661 24.41998
174.49765 16.15692
144.9060626 17.63524
135.5422544 15.40001
28.40246598 18.38441
0 25.07679
0.858948533 18.28497
158.6658182 15.38898
23.38850463 21.04971
183.17051 16.52605
0 25.21275
138.8763427 17.77401
251.9167494 15.97849
0 25.48335
1.620767762 21.47032
158.8409184 17.32204
45.13313761 20.65357
29.40098639 21.34821
4.124168481 22.70809
3.177534018 20.55241
42.10351035 20.59653
47.14955285 21.12725
2.483050412 21.12264
9.371960914 20.25768
21.76495764 21.58236
93.16225187 17.22087
173.2504112 15.75343
10.47081096 19.55382
159.0574626 15.64527
141.0777797 16.37101
31.87227703 21.87252
10.6839907 22.39548
10.12948633 22.38068
43.23591711 19.39789
0.738860581 22.0495
Data for Regression 1

26BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table 8: Regression statistics between Life expectancy at 60 and Household air pollution and
attributable deaths
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.7661
R Square 0.5870
Adjusted R Square 0.5809
Standard Error 1.7494
Observations 70
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 295.74 295.74 96.639 0.000
Residual 68 208.10 3.06
Total 69 503.83
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 21.18 0.29 73.209 0.000
Household air pollution
attributable deaths -0.028 0.003 -9.831 0.000

27BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Regression 2 Category 5: Access to Basic Knowledge Category 9
Adult Literacy Rate Freedom of expression
56.44031 6
97.84376 10
94.51427 4
99.27259 14
98.01435 7
61.49383 7
71.71055 7
78.13739 10
79.31117 7
99.80526 2
72.2253 13
87.17253 2
99.72204 3
40.01824 6
58.60132 2
87.47019 7
95.71726 2
85.49609 6
30.47279 10
99.71957 3
98.36764 14
99.78785 4
88.42458 9
96.62755 16
19.1026 11
60.68935 10
65.96383 13
99.99519 0
99.01579 15
98.96958 15
37.7467 14
93.98302 6
31.97625 4
98.11451 15
86.87348 8
38.16804 6
96.77463 9
98.08997 14
73.80984 9
92.61417 9
95.14192 14
94.51547 11
90.61604 15
98.48576 10
79.07421 11
95.6881 6
99.38088 13
97.5539 13
88.22441 12
71.16416 5
98.38858 14
47.60014 11
80.3595 9
82.47185 11
88.4999 15
94.54559 13
99.75962 11
98.4421 16
94.0511 11
Data for testing regression 2

28BUSINESS MODELING AND STATISTICS
Table 9: Regression statistics between Freedom of Expression and Adult Literacy Rate
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.0914
R Square 0.0083
Adjusted R Square -0.0062
Standard Error 4.4087
Observations 70
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 11.12 11.12 0.572 0.452
Residual 68 1321.68 19.44
Total 69 1332.80
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 8.001 2.179 3.672 0.000
Adult literacy rate 0.019 0.026 0.756 0.452