Child Labour in the Garment Industry: A Social Sustainability Analysis

This presentation examines the issue of child labour within the context of social sustainability and global business practices, specifically focusing on the garment industry and its outsourcing practices to developing countries. It references a case study from 1993 and explores the current regulations and practices of companies in developed countries. The presentation highlights the widespread use of child labour, particularly in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, and others, and the violations of global guidelines. It provides facts and figures on the prevalence of child labour, including the number of children involved and the industries where they are employed. The presentation also includes a CRAP test evaluation of the provided references, assessing their currency, relevance, authority, and purpose to ensure the reliability of the information. The presentation aims to provide an overview of the existing conditions and situations, including the impact of contract labour, the low wages earned by female workers, and the role of labour contractors, and to offer insights into potential solutions to address the problem of child labour in the global garment industry. The presentation seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

Introduction
 The task is related to the sustainability regulation and practice related to the companies
from developed countries
 The case study is related to Third-world families at work: Child labor or child care?
 The assignment would be based on the clothing manufacturing and retail companies, that
outsource products to the developing countries
 The presentation would be based on the current conditions or situations
 The discussion is based on the issue which was published in the year of 1993

Discussion
 Girls below the age of 10 years have been working in the manufacturing units of Timothy
and Thomas (Nichols 1993)
 The organization violated the Global Guidelines for Business Partners, where the use of
child labour was strictly prohibited
 The developing countries like Pakistan were not following the rules of not allowing the
children who are below 14 years of age to work
 The same thing have been noticed in the countries like Bangladesh, Mexico, Sri Lanka,
Brazil and others (Bauernschuster and Schlotter 2015)

Detailed Information
 Contract labour in the export garment sector is widely spread in various countries like
India, Bangladesh, Turkey and Pakistan (Moghadam 2013)
 Poor regulation of labour contractors are maintained by the suppliers
 The transaction costs are also reduced in these cases
 The garment industry is the major principal export earner in the countries like Bangladesh
and Thailand
 The labors used are mostly women and the earning is very low from the viewpoint of the
women (Compton and Pollak 2014)

Facts and Figures
 Child labour is forbidden by law in many countries around the world
 Around 168 million to 200 million child labors around the world
 More than 400,000 children were below the age of 18 in 2007 in India (Ballet, Bhukuth and
Carimentrand 2014)
 1.5 to 2 million schoolchildren were forced to work in harvesting the cotton for two months every
team in Uzbekistan
 1 million children between the age of 7 and 12 are engaged to remove pests from the cotton plants
every year (Lund-Thomsen 2013)

CRAP Test Evaluation
 The test is based on Currency, Relevance, Authority and Purpose
 Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A. and Carimentrand, A., 2014. Child labour and responsible consumers: From boycotts
to social labels, illustrated by the Indian hand-knotted carpet industry. Business & Society, 53(1), pp.71-104.
 This reference helps in proper identification of the recent trends about the child labour performed throughout
the world
 Bauernschuster, S. and Schlotter, M., 2015. Public child care and mothers' labour supply—Evidence from two
quasi-experiments. Journal of Public Economics, 123, pp.1-16.
 It help to know the relevant data and to reduce the number of child labors throughout the world
 Compton, J. and Pollak, R.A., 2014. Family proximity, childcare, and women’s labour force
attachment. Journal of Urban Economics, 79, pp.72-90
 This reference helps the identification as well as the relevance of the data of the number of child labors and
recent trends in this sector

CRAP Test
 Lund-Thomsen, P., 2013. Labour agency in the football manufacturing industry of Sialkot,
Pakistan. Geoforum, 44, pp.71-81
 This reference will help to take necessary actions effectively and efficiently in order to stop child labour from
the developing nations
 Moghadam, V.M., 2013. Women, work and family in the Arab region: Toward economic citizenship. DIFI
Family Research and Proceedings, 1, p.7.
 Particular aspects about the characteristics of the gathered information from this reference will help in the
evaluation process as a whole
 Nichols, M., 1993. Third-World Families at Work: Child Labour or Child Care?. Harvard Business
Review, 71(1), p.12.
 This reference will help to identify the relevant facts and help to take necessary actions to stop the child
labour

References
 Ballet, J., Bhukuth, A. and Carimentrand, A., 2014. Child labour and responsible
consumers: From boycotts to social labels, illustrated by the Indian hand-knotted
carpet industry. Business & Society, 53(1), pp.71-104.
 Bauernschuster, S. and Schlotter, M., 2015. Public child care and mothers' labour
supply—Evidence from two quasi-experiments. Journal of Public
Economics, 123, pp.1-16.
 Compton, J. and Pollak, R.A., 2014. Family proximity, childcare, and women’s
labor force attachment. Journal of Urban Economics, 79, pp.72-90.
 Lund-Thomsen, P., 2013. Labour agency in the football manufacturing industry of
Sialkot, Pakistan. Geoforum, 44, pp.71-81.
 Moghadam, V.M., 2013. Women, work and family in the Arab region: Toward
economic citizenship. DIFI Family Research and Proceedings, 1, p.7.
 Nichols, M., 1993. Third-World Families at Work: Child Labour or Child
Care?. Harvard Business Review, 71(1), p.12.