Socio-Economic Influences on Child Development and Education

This essay delves into the psychological mechanisms through which socio-economic factors influence a child's education and development. It examines the theory of communication in early years, highlighting how children develop responses to objects and learn through exposure. The essay also dis...Read More

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Impacts of socio-economic in education
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Introduction
Education sectors, that is the origins of the education outcomes was explained by the
psychological theories. Studies suggest that most of the orientation of the leaning which are
subjected to the child such as orientation have great impacts to the child in the development.
It will also bring attention to different learning criteria which have been adopted to help
young kinds which motivate their desires to have rapid learning of concepts. The research
findings will also suggest and compare different theories explanation on children
development in terms of communication and knowing various issues surrounding them. More
importantly, it will state some of the disagreement of theories about the development of the
communication and general behaviour. Thus the major concerns and the goal essay will be
exploring on the research on the psychological mechanism that supports the child to
communicate and have the ability to understand things more efficiently.
Theory of communication in the early year
Based on the theory of the early communication of the child it is important to note that, from
the time child is given birth up to a desirables point of age, they developed certain distinct
response towards the objects and as well as give insight to directed objects on their way
(Billari, Philipov & Testa, 2009.p.654). It is, without doubt, to notice that at this point, the
child point’s different objects and pay attention keenly to what they want. At a tender age,
when the child is subjected to objects for a long time inform of the playing equipment, they
developed certain tendencies of wants especially if the same objects is with someone else
apart from their mentor. They do so by directing their hands to suggest the kind of the objects
which they want (Bambra, 2011.p.071). According to the theory, if they are continuously
exposed for quite long then, they are likely to form a tendency of developing an interest in the
same thing thus make it easier for them to learn. However, what has really changed in this

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type of learning towards the children is an exposition of different objects at a time which
makes it difficult for the child to design and decide on the thing they should demand.
Similarly, it prudent to distinguish different objects with initial names which enables the
learner to grasp more efficiently, some of the aspects like initial names e.g. it is, she is, he is
coming and the rest shaped understanding of the child in essence that they don't forget since
they routinely sing them when they are free from mentors (Skalická et al., 2009.p.09).
More importantly, children become more sophisticated about how they used common ground
to comprehend and perceived things. They keep attention on how common environment
changed with different people whom they interact with. This clearly suggests the behavioural
mechanism of the child and what their desires are when it comes to the provision of the
equipment which they discern to play with. Interestingly, at distinguished age that is at the
age of five, they do not have the same expectation they possess when they were an infant
(Myers, 2009. P.98). Therefore, they form the tendencies to focus on some of the things they
came across during the time of orientation at a tender age. Majority of them tend to portray
what their families used to do especially, they pretend to be sewing like their mammies when
playing. Apparently, they also developed certain instinct at this age where they cry if they are
denied certain materials they used to play with. Majority of these acts likely to depict
different kind of upbringing different children were subjected to and the kind of motherhood
who raised them. This type of theory truly suggests what upbringing has to do with the
development of the child attitude as well as daily life approaches. Raising children comes
into doubt when different parents inflict different parental approach to their children based on
the environment they are. Based on the topic of the discussion, it truly confirms that
communication at a tender age has great influence on child development and how they tend
to perceive things. Similarly, the theory portrayed the effect of subjections of the children in
various activities which impact their life and learning. Furthermore, learning of the children

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and the interest they developed comes out when they are at a tender age than when aged-up.
Majority of the parents will identify the specific talents of their children when at age of the
two to five. That is enough to make a child to learn the specific activities they intend to do
when they become at a desirable age (Kailua& Yusuf, 2013.p.345).
Finally, on the theory of communication at a tender age, it is clearly obvious that different
type of communication is through an iconic gesture. Through this, child suggests different
things they need by illustrating the gesture action. However many gestures are just
conventional. That's one of the examples like the word `OK' `goodbye' and various other
aspects indicate different aspects which relates what the infant and the mother mean at a
specific time. Similarly, they can also include icon action by indicating similar like the
above-illustrated words which are in lined with what they need at a given time. Interestingly,
the infants acquire conventionalized gesture at around the same age as well as the linguistic
convention, thus these two approaches distinctly shared the same underlying psychological
mechanism. This truly means iconic gestures are the ability to name as well as comprehend
the conventional. The theory pays less attention to the development of the conventional
iconic gesture. Generally, when the child approaches the age of two going onwards they tend
to leave the gestures crude way of speaking and adopt simples’ techniques of pronunciation
with the correct specification of thing they need. They do so by developing an interest in
mobility as well as beginning to learn languages quite intensively. However, despite this
progress, the foster and mothers should be in line to give a good direction to their children
especially the time they are at the verge to pronounced things correct. Most of the theory
which touches on the mothers suggests how mothers played a lot in the life of the infant with
regard to the communication. This is clear since most of the children tend to master
languages of their mothers more than of fathers if it happened they speak a different
language. This is entailed on the theory of early communication which gives impacts to the

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development of the children as well as educational outcomes of the child if they come to age
(Krapp & Prenzel, 2011.p.234).
The theory of middle childhood
With reference to John Bowlby suggested that attachment of the infant and the foster mother
has impacts in the behavior of the child in the future. This hypothesis is characterized by the
pre-attachment, attachment –in- the –making, clear-cut attachment as well as the function of
the reciprocal relationship (Elder, 2018.p.74). All these attachment depict certain behavior
developed depending on the environment they are raised up in. on his hypothesis, John made
it more clear that development attachment breed more sensitivity to infant thus the infant
tends to do what they are routinely exposed to them. The main focus of John Bowlby is
basically understand certain behavioral development of the attachment. It demonstrates how
the infant and the foster have great influence on the early outcomes of the child learning
meaning method. As reported by the OECD, make it clear that Johns’ concept on the
learning theory, which is cantered on the socio-economic background, is true to daily
behavior of the child. John made his hypothesis in the phases. He suggests that the child
developed high insight into commons figures and the feelings around them at a tender age.
Based on the fourth phase of the John, he clearly states that the new insight of the underpins
child's ability to inhibit certain attachment behavior and take into control of attachment
figures developed his or her desires for alternating the attachment bond behavior (Phelan,
Link & Tehranifar, 2010.p.45). Therefore, the ability of the child to form more sophisticated
conversational skills as well as inhibitions of certain activities increases relies on the mentor.
Some of the changes portrayed by John clearly suggest that variation enabled the child to
expand on their own desire plan and the way they behaved within their attachment.
Additionally, in the fourth year of the infants, they are able to distinguish different things
which challenged them since they have developed certain internal mobility of differentiation.

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According to John, it possible for the child to differentiates things after attaining the age of
four and also reflects various activities. Moreover, he also depicts some of the activities
which when done to the child at a tender age, they able to reflect them when reached a
desirable age. However, he also postulates that series of communication between the
caregiver and the child have great impacts on the child (Conger, Conger & Martin,
2010.p.57). Through his research, he also postulates theory concerning the security
attachment between the caregiver and the infant which instill good morals to children when
they grow old. The early attachment of theory security was considered to be at risk by the
Bowlby. The concern of psychopathology characterized by maladaptation which results in
difficulties later. The theory critically explains how the caregiving relationship influences the
entire process of the psychopathology which constitutes the cognitive effective expectancies,
the capacities of the emotional as well as a behavioral mechanism and the strategies for
coping with different individuals across the world. He also outlined the importance of
identifying the children who risk of developing psychopathology which has been recognized
and become the impetus for the large body of work (Blossfeld &Von, 2011.p.76). The
findings have it that the attachments have great influence on the behavior of the child in
future which is incongruent to the early economic status and education outcome of the child.
John clearly stated that the child with good support tends to be jovial thus contributes to how
fast they tend to learn every concept of daily lives. He clearly portrayed how caregiver have
direct impacts on the infants thus they able to understand and feel all kind of the treatment
which directly impacts their general life (Caro, 2009.p.845).
The theory of the adolescent
With reference to Bronfenbrenner (1992). Ecological systems theory Jessica Kingsley
Publishers states that the concept of the adolescent clearly illustrates some of the concepts
which individuals do indulge in when are with has direct impacts to their daily activities

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(Farooq et al., 2014.p.80). Therefore concepts were indirect with the individual who were
under age thus becomes challenged with a difficult situation. The outcomes of the adolescents
are characterized by anxiety, fearful, unhappiness, mentally disturbed as much more un-
healthfully behavior. Most of these discourse results due to lack of parental love or complete
withdrawal of the child. Similarly, they have great influence to the child nature since stress
may make the child do strange things in life like committing suicide and indulgence in the
bad company which may result to death or addiction to the alcoholic. More importantly, it
has been noted that the theory of the adolescent has impacts on the child performance index
in school. If the child is distress then they likely to fail which may result to drop out in school
(Caneva& Kyuldjiev, 2019.P.05). The theory displays various fundamental aspects of the
venturing into the life of young individuals. The theory postulates some of the issues which
are in line with maladjustment, abnormality or disturbances of the child at the adolescent
stage. However, activities which can introduce the fiction cases of the two adolescent are
considered to be a clinical psychologist and it elevated the problems on the behavior at the
adolescent stage is considered to be important (Cowie, Harrison & Willis, 2018.P.812).
Demonstrative enhancement is the cornerstone of the self-worth. Emotional of one's self
which is characterized by the inability to speak, weeping as well as be gloomy. In the
adolescent period, mostly peers jointly developed several behaviors which are indirect with
what they learned from the caregiver. Most of the parents should be in the position to
distinguish several mechanisms to handle the different situation from their children since the
majority of them failed to learn thus disgraced their ambition. Mostly, emotional in the
adolescent occurs before the onset of the adolescent (O'Leary, Scully, Karakolidis & Pitsia
2018.P.87).
Explanation of the graph trend

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The information which was obtained from the PISA indicates that three countries such as
Iceland, Finland and Norway have variation in the trend in the population of the students who
learning. Being they have high spending in the high taxes as well as huge spending on
education but still accord minor performances in general the graph shows some of the most
simple relative judgement by showing the average of the total expenditure of the economic
volume of the each countries form as early as 1981 to 1995. The graph shows the general
changes especially in the Scandinavia counties their dramatic expenditures on the education
of the young children. It is clear that, from the graph that a country like Iceland, Finland as
well as Norway have imposed high taxes on the education as well as high states spending
which result to lower performances of the leaner in the different institution as compared to
other states which shows high performances despite less spending on the education.
Therefore, psychologically it is true through lack of the support from the caregiver normally
affects the performances of the learners. Similarly, the relative measures of the performances
of the learners are limited by the idea that not only boost in the social expenditures which
results into increase in the higher value percentages. Therefore high increase in spending in
the education does not necessarily reflects in the performances of the leaners if they are not
provided by high care.
Identity
In relation to the identity, the graph indicates that there are stages of the child development
which can impacts their performances as a whole. First and foremost, the first stage involved
the gender labelling, with reference to the information in the graph that is the population
performances of the Norway, Finland as well as Iceland, it is clear that children recognize
themselves and other people of being a boy or a girl. This is entirely captured in the first
stage of the life. Similarly, in the second stage, gender stability. Here the children
distinguished their background stability. This is stages the child becomes aware on the

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stability of their background and some of expectation of their parents in the means time of the
growth. Finally, the last stage is characterized by gender constancy. Here the children learns
that, their gender becomes permanent thus are not changeable in all the cost. Based on the
research, it pure articulated that, the child can pass all those stages successfully based on the
caregiver efforts (Cilasun et al., 2018.p.90).
Communication
However, communication as it discussed within the graph have it that, children sense of
humor based on the physical acts where something unusual or nonsensical is embodied in an
incongruous means. Therefore, through the communication, more diverse verbal humor,
based on the ambiguity, word play pattern and puns, begin to appear at the age of the four. At
this age children needs be guided since they begin to appreciate some of the differences
between someone who making fun as well as people are serious. Thus they learn at this stage
to take responses from their parents. Through the age of four, children are also able to uses
their ability to distinguish some of the intention of the speakers through reading the
appearance of their faces. Some of the children with senses of the humor have problems to
jokes with their colleagues which makes it so difficult for them to adapt within the
environment. Therefore, the process of the communication gradually moves form the
observation as well as the comments about the events which entailed here and now which
literally based on the events of the future as well as the present. Therefore, based on the
report of the graph, it clearly suggest some of the importance of the communication of the
child since it helps the child to be focus within the classroom as well as outsides classroom.
With references to some of the countries like, ,Norway, Iceland as well as Finland indicates
the less performances in the general due to effectives means of the communication between
the leaners and the caregivers.
Representation

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Based on the information which as obtained from the PISA 2015 framework for appraising
the collaborative issues solving competence, clearly indicated various methods in which the
framework identified components to collaborative. Some of the components identified by the
framework are characterized by the cognitive as well as general solving aspects which are so
common. According to the PISA, it outlined problems solving methods which were noticed
as the problems in Iceland, Finland and Norway. One of the factors is exploring and
understanding. It ultimately described by the graph as a way of looking for the discourse,
then finding some of the solution which is lacking in some of the countries like Iceland,
Finland as well as the Norway, thus result to low performances of the learners across the
countries. In addition, representing and formulating which entirely based on tables, graphs,
symbols or the represent concepts of the symbols and the interpreting the hypothesis. Based
on the in the graph of the Iceland, Finland and Norway, it indicates some of the inability of
the leaners within such countries to comprehend and relate the graph symbols which result to
poor performances.
Finally, representation of the children at the tender age also have the impacts in the
performance since they tends to learn and know many things when they still young as
opposed if they are not (Kuo, et al., 2018.p.89). Due declined in the graph in the performance
of the children in the Scandinavian counties it likely to suggest that leaners are not well
oriented thus they failed to know some of the simples concepts when they are still young thus
slag in the performances. Therefore the cognitive development as structured and generative
results in the pupils’ intellectual activities therefore, majority of the learners or the pupils
who are given much attention when are still young tends to developed faster in terms of
mastering the concepts thus excel than those who have been not represented by their
caregivers.
Summary

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With reference to OECD (2017) PISA 2015 Results (Volume V): Collaborative Problem
Solving [Online]. Available at https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/ education/ Pisa-2015-results-
volume-v_9789264285521-en illustrate that Success and failures as suggested in the theories
above indicates the trends in an increase in population. Today’s kids are being raised in the
era hyper-connected by the digitalization but as the challenges, they will be working out
tomorrow in most industrial markets. However, only the one with the right idea will be
allowed in the most competitive job market. Thus this likely to suggest that most kids with
undesirable minds will not be allowed to work in most competitive labor market thus they
will turn to focus on some of the odd jobs which results into the bad health. Thus the
provision of the school provides the basic opportunity to all the rich and poor parental
children. However, some of the children's with poor parental upbringing have the difficult
moments to concentrate in the class works which results in their failure. Some of the daily
challenges are vividly described in the theories. They try to give the correct discretion of the
parents to show their love to their young ones (OECD, 2017.p.234). With reference to the
graph for examples at the far end of the scale, it stands that Hungary ranges from 40% on the
performance index. While some of the countries like Iceland as well as Norway the figure
drastically falls to 5%. The most valuable assessment of this explanation stands by the fact
that there are economic disparities structures in these two countries. It was also possible to
note that, the difference or the bellow hit of the performance recorded by Iceland is due to the
fact they have registered the high number of the distressful children thus the performances is
low. However, variation in outcomes may be due to the differences in the socio-economic
structure between countries (Bronfenbrenner, 1992.p.34).
Conclusion

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As illustrated above, Psychological theories offer varieties of the explanation on educational
outcomes of the individuals. This is revealed by the theory of middle childhood, emotional in
the early year as well as identity in the adolescent period. Similarly, the theory of
communication, also suggested that learning especially the orientation of the young usually
stick to their mind if they are subjected to the new idea as opposed when they have grown.
However, the hypothesis illustrated that learning new concepts normally happens when
someone is still at tender age thus thy likely to receive response quite often at the age 0-5.
Just like when the child is born with the some of the deformations which hinder them to
communicate or speak as expected, therefore, it is the role of the mother to tame them
especially give them a good orientation by buying for them equipment which implicit to the
learning.

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