Analysis of Sociological and Psychological Perspectives on Health

This report delves into sociological and psychological perspectives on health, examining how these viewpoints shape our understanding of well-being and behavior. It explores the interplay of nature and nurture in improving personality characteristics, referencing trait theory, psychodynamic approaches, motivational theory, humanistic theories, and behavioral personality theory. The report further analyzes psychological concepts that explain the behavior of service workers and users, including cognitive approaches, biological psychology, behaviorism, and humanism. Case studies involving individuals like Raj and Lucy illustrate how these perspectives apply to real-world health challenges, such as depression, asthma, and diabetes, and how healthcare practitioners can use these concepts to improve patient outcomes. The conclusion highlights the importance of integrating both sociological and psychological insights for comprehensive health management.

Sociological and psychological
perspectives on health (P3 &
P4)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
P 3. Nature and nurture in the improvement of personality characteristics.................................3
P 4. Psychological concepts to explain the behaviour of service workers and users...................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Sociological perspective is the ability to see the linkage between social content and
behaviour of individual sociology. This is a systematic approach of social interaction and human
society. Psychological perspective focuses on human behaviour, attitude and beliefs in order to
gain proper understanding and knowledge on particular subject matter. This study will highlight,
Nature and nurture in the improvement of personality characteristics and various other
psychological concepts.
MAIN BODY
P 3. Nature and nurture in the improvement of personality characteristics.
Sociological approach is a state of complete well being related with mental, physical and
emotional approach.
Trait theory : It is also referred to as dispositional theory. This helps in defining the
habitual patterns of thoughts, behaviour and emotion of an individual. Traits is referred to as the
stable characteristics of an individual which influences person in responding to particular
situation (Pervin, 2015). Raj has unconscious feeling and is also suffering from lack of
openness. Lucy is an introvert persona and does not like to be around people. Extrinsic and
personal support helps Lucy and Raj to attend various therapies. Lucy and Raj have personality
traits such as defence mechanisms because of their drinking and smoking problem.
Psychodynamic approach : It is based on the interaction of various forces and drivers
within an individual. Psychodynamic approach helps in treating patients with depression. The
nature of this theory is that people tend to have ego, id and superego which are guided by
unconscious forces. The nurture of this approach is that, parents and societies have the power to
give conscience and superego in order to fit in society (Davis, 2018). It is also useful in treating
serious psychological disorders in relation with Lucy and Raj who have difficulty in maintaining
personal relationship. Lucy and Raj are struggling from the pressure of socialization. Lucy does
not have any social and cultural life because of her drinking and smoking problem. On the other
hand, Raj also didn't have any social life. Lucy is suffering from ID which leads to instinctual
part of the mind which contains various aggressive drives. Combination of ID, ego and superego
results in complex behaviour of an individual. The personality traits of Lucy and Raj is due to
nature of Psychodynamic approach.

Motivational theory : It is based on individual's tendency to look for stimulation in order
to increase the level of excitement to perform certain activities or function. This theory helps in
discovering the factors in order to attain desired goals and objectives. Lucy and Raj personality
trait is due to nurture. Motivation of Lucy and Raj is influenced by external factors in order to
attend certain therapy.
Humanistic theories of personality : It is based on achieving the full potential of the
people which varies from basic need to self actualization needs (Strauss, 2017). This approach is
useful in seeking personal growth of the individual and strives towards becoming their full self.
Humanistic approach is where individual is influenced by their own perception and the various
other experiences attached to them. Lucy and Raj both lack openness and do not communicate
much with people around them.
Behavioural personality theory : It focuses on measuring the behaviour of an individual.
It is the connection between behaviour and mind of Lucy and Raj. It focuses on pinpointing and
connecting various incidents in order to predict the personality of an individual (Kenrick, Maner
and Li,2015). Raj is adversely affected by the surrounding and social class area such as noise and
air pollution. This adversely affects the openness of an individual and does like change. This
approach is useful in determining the factors which drives the behaviour of an individual. The
nurture of this approach is based on the individual's learned behaviour and belief.
P 4. Psychological concepts to explain the behaviour of service workers and users.
Psychological perspective is an effective model which focuses on attitude, belief and
cognitive processes of an individual.
Cognitive approach:
Cognitive approach is based on the concept of thinking, judging and development of
personality. It helps in focusing on effectively understanding the behaviour and process of an
individual. The nature of the cognitive approach is based on the individual's mental health on
genetical and biological level (Al-Shawaf, and et.al., 2016). In case of Lucy, she is an introvert
person, and she didn't like to communicate with other people of the society which adversely
influence the lifestyle and leads to depression. This approach helps in getting involved with the
society in order to reduce stressful situation. This approach is very useful in improving the health
of the service users and patients.
Biological psychology:

Biological psychology is the outcome of genetics and physiology. This approach is
psychology helps in examining, thoughts, feelings, beliefs and behaviour of the individual person
from physical as well as biological point of view (Erle and Topolinski, 2017). It is useful in
studying the genetics, nervous system, brain and immune system of an individual. The nurture
side of the Lucy suggests that environment and various pollution plays a major role in defining
the behaviour of an individual. It is very useful in determining how mind and body reacts to
certain illness or behaviour of an individual. Raj is suffering from diabetes type 2 and Lucy is
suffering from asthma and depression. Raj should focus on regular test and proper medication on
a timely manner helps in improving the health outcomes of an individual. Lucy is suffering from
asthma and depression. Proper care plan should be carried out continuously in order to gain
better health results and outcomes. She should also focus on getting in contact with dust or any
other allergic particles or products.
Behaviourism: This is referred to as a situation where an individual is treated in
accordance with the behaviour of an individual (Wilt and Revelle, 2017). This helps Lucy and
Raj in interaction with the society and various other service users in an appropriate and efficient
manner. This helps in living a happy and healthy life which in turn results in controlling
depression. People find a way to self-motivated and create a positive environment for better
health results and outcomes. This approach states about the change in the behaviour of an
individual due to certain events rather than on the basis of mind and emotions (Vallacher, Van
Geert and Nowak, 2015). It helps in determining various environmental factors in order to
influence the behaviour of an individual. People reaction to certain environment helps in better
health outcomes to service users.
Humanism approach: It helps in emphasizing on the good human behaviour and
characteristics of an individual. It helps in improving the self actualization or self- image of the
individual (What is Humanistic Psychology?, 2019). This is based on the self central which is the
focal point of this approach. It is very useful in fully realizing their potential in order to reach
self- actualization, self-maintenance and self- enhancement.
Psychological perspective of two colleagues and patients
In case of psychological factor such as frustration, one of the colleague was not able to
effectively assist in treating the patients right. This in turn results in mental work load and also
hamper the efficiency of the other colleague. This hampered the health care results and outcomes

of the patient. The health practitioners must remain patient in order to deliver desired results and
outcomes. Another psychological factor such as hostile behaviour of health practitioners against
patients affect the mental health of an individual. Behaviourism approach is useful in treating
individuals according to their specific behaviour. It helps in creating positive environment for
better health results and outcomes and results in reduce frustration. One of the patient was
suffering from diabetes, which in turn results in stress, lack of openness. The health care
practitioners must focus on managing stress in order to improve the healthcare outcome of the
patient. Biological psychology is useful in treating genetics and physiology of human being. This
approach helps in examining, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and behaviour of the individual person
from physical as well as biological point of view. Another patient is suffering from depression
and Asthma. The health care practitioners focused on cognitive behaviour therapy in order to
improve social interaction among individuals. The patient should focus on physical improvement
which helps in better care results and outcomes. Cognitive approach is useful in understanding
the behaviour and process of an individual. It helps in controlling individual's mental health on
genetical and biological level
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been concluded that, psychological perspective is a model
which focuses on attitude, belief and cognitive processes of an individual. On the contrary,
sociological approach is a state of complete well-being which is related with mental, physical
and emotional approach. This study helps in gaining personality formation and psychological
concepts of an individual.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Al-Shawaf, L and et.al., 2016. Human emotions: An evolutionary psychological perspective.
Emotion Review. 8(2). pp.173-186.
Davis, M.H., 2018. Empathy: A social psychological approach. Routledge.
Erle, T.M. and Topolinski, S., 2017. The grounded nature of psychological perspective-taking.
Journal of personality and social psychology. 112(5). p.683.
Kenrick, D.T., Maner, J.K. and Li, N.P., 2015. Evolutionary social psychology. The handbook of
evolutionary psychology, pp.1-18.
Pervin, L.A., 2015. Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press.
Strauss, A.L., 2017. Social psychology and human values. Routledge.
Vallacher, R.R., Van Geert, P. and Nowak, A., 2015. The intrinsic dynamics of psychological
process. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 24(1). pp.58-64.
Wilt, J. and Revelle, W.R., 2017. A personality perspective on situations. In The Oxford
Handbook of Psychological Situations.
Online
What is Humanistic Psychology?. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/HUMAN/WHAT.HTML>
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