University Report: Advance Computer Networking and QoS Analysis

This report provides an overview of Advance Computer Networking, specifically focusing on Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Quality of Service (QoS). The introduction explains the architecture of SDN, highlighting the separation between the forwarding and control planes, its cost-effectiveness, and its dynamic nature. The report then explores the characteristics of SDN, including programmable network control, agile approaches, and the role of controllers. It further discusses Quality of Service (QoS) in SDN, explaining how it supports end-to-end QoS and the advantages of centralized views and programmability. The report then examines different QoS approaches, including traditional methods like Integrated Services and Differentiated Services, and SDN-enabled approaches such as virtual slicing of bandwidth. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, concluding with a summary of the key findings and the benefits of SDN in simplifying network design and operations. The report also includes a comprehensive list of references.

Running head: ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Advance Computer Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Introduction to Software Defined Networking:
SDN of the Software Defined Networking works as the separator between the
forwarding plane and control plane. In the SDN the control plane control several different
devices. The software define networking is an architecture that is emerging and dynamic as
well. The use of the software define networking is cost effective, it is also manageable,
adoptable, it is ideal because of the high bandwidth and the nature that is dynamic towards
the application. This architecture eliminates the forwarding functions and the network
control. This enables the control of the network to become programmable directly and the
infrastructure that is underlying abstraction for the network services and the applications. The
foundational element of the Software designed networking building solutions is the
OpenFlow protocol.
There are various characteristics of the SDN architecture like the control of the
network is programmable directly as it is eliminate from the functions forwarding. This
follows agile approach as the abstract is controlled form the forwarding that allows the
administrator adjust the networks traffic flow dynamically to meet the changes that are
required. The intelligence of the network is in a controllers that is software based of the
software defines networking. This will maintain a good view of the network. The policy and
the application of these are appeared to be single switch that are logical. The software defined
networking allows the managers of the network to configure, secure, manage and optimize
the resource of network very fast using dynamic, software defined networking programs that
are automated, that they are able to write by themselves because of the programs which do
not depends on the proprietary software. SDN simplifies the design of the network and the
operations because of the provided instructions by the controllers of the SDN rather than
multiple, protocols and the devices of vendor specific.

2ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Quality of Service in SDN:
The quality of services supports the end to end QoS in the networks that are existing
in the architecture. There are many solution of the limitation of the quality of services in the
software defined networking. Many of the approaches that are proposed by the different
researchers are not applied to the SDN as many are failed. In the response of the risks that are
associated with the architecture of the traditional networking. The main advantages of the
QoS is the global network that has centralized view, programmability, and the separation of
control plane and data plane. These kind of features helps the researchers to improve the
provisions of the QoS in the application of the network. The QoS motivated literature makes
the SDN networks OenFlow bye surveying the studies of the researches. The QoS gets
benefitted from the SDN concepts: mechanism of the inter domain routing, mechanism of the
multimedia flows routing, mechanism of resource reservation, management of queue and
mechanism of schedule, QoE (Quality of Experience) aware mechanism, mechanism of
network monitoring, and the other mechanism those are QoS centric like the QoS that is
based on the virtualisation management policy of the QoS. The QoS has the ability of the
OpenFlow protocol by reviewing the versions along with the well-known, community driven
and open source projects.
QoS Approaches:
There are two kinds of approaches that need to be taken into consideration in case of
Quality of Services or QoS. These approaches are the ones that have been introduced before
SDN had been developed, and the approach that had been developed along with the SDN
technology.

3ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
The traditional QoS Strategies have been not influenced by the idea of SDN, amongst
which two of the strategies are standardized. Both of these approaches may be described in
details as follows:
Integrated Services: This approach involves the fine-grained and per flow traffic
control architecture. The actual idea is to initiate an individual reserve resource of a network
element like a router or a switch, for each flow. Given the current internet condition, it is
pretty hard to achieve. This is because the routers comprise of limited resources for the
computational tasks, prohibiting the classification of all the application flow that is possible
within the system. There are advantages as well as disadvantages in the process as well which
would be discussed later within the report.
Differentiated Services: This approach is a coarsely grained architecture used for
traffic control, which in turn relies on an 8-bit DS field instead of working on an outdated
TOS field being situated in the IP Header. The field is capable of holding almost 64 varied
classes of traffic. It is also a static network. In addition to it, the specification of the approach
of Differentiated Services and the policies as well as the classification of the traffic is done at
the boundaries within the domains of the approach.
SDN enabled approaches: In contrary to the above two approaches, the non-
traditional method of SDN enabled approaches has the ability to tackle all the problems and
disadvantages that the above two approaches possess. Through the higher level approach that
the decoupled controller provides, anyone would be able to specify the policies without
having the need of reconfiguration of the low level settings. The rules can therefore be
defined per flow and the controller has the task to apply them properly to the different
network elements. The most common method is a form of virtual slicing of the available
bandwidth.

4ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
Advantages of the approaches: The following are the advantages of the approaches
that have been discussed earlier:
 The Integrated Services approach has set every rooter on a route in flow in
need of a support for the integrated services that stores all the possible set
data, states and information from every different flow.
 The Differential Services routers after that decides upon the forward packets
on the basis of the per-hop basis class based fields. This technology and
approach is appropriate for the application in bigger networks.
 The SDN enabled set of policies have been unrestricted as well as the flow of
classes. This allows the fine grained tunings that has been based on the needs
of the user altogether.
Disadvantages of the approaches: The following are the disadvantages of the
approaches that have been discussed earlier:
 The Integrated Services have limited computational resources and it does not
have a scalable approach. The support for the technology also is very difficult
to achieve and thus it is only applicable to small scale networks.
 The Differentiated Services are applicable on a wider network but it is static
on the other hand. Thus this lacks the ability to fine-tune the QoS of separate
flows.
 The SDN enabled approach does not assign any of the resources to a flow.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded from the above report that QoS follows agile approach
that the administrator adjusts to the networks traffic that flows dynamically to meet the
changes that are required. The intelligence of the network is in controllers are the software

5ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
based on the software defined networking. The policy and the application of these are
appeared to be single switch that are logical. The software defined networking allows the
managers of the network to configure, secure, manage and optimize the resource of network
very fast using dynamic, software defined networking programs that are automated, that they
are able to write by themselves because of the programs which do not depends on the
proprietary software. SDN simplifies the design of the network and the operations because of
the provided instructions by the controllers of the SDN rather than multiple, protocols and the
devices of vendor specific.

6ADVANCE COMPUTER NETWORKING
References:
Abdelmaboud, A., Jawawi, D. N., Ghani, I., Elsafi, A., & Kitchenham, B. (2015).
Quality of service approaches in cloud computing: A systematic mapping
study. Journal of Systems and Software, 101, 159-179.
Arslan, M. Y., Sundaresan, K., & Rangarajan, S. (2015). Software-defined
networking in cellular radio access networks: potential and challenges. IEEE
Communications Magazine, 53(1), 150-156.
Kreutz, D., Ramos, F. M., Verissimo, P. E., Rothenberg, C. E., Azodolmolky, S., &
Uhlig, S. (2015). Software-defined networking: A comprehensive
survey. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103(1), 14-76.
Manuel, P. (2015). A trust model of cloud computing based on Quality of
Service. Annals of Operations Research, 233(1), 281-292.
Nunes, B. A. A., Mendonca, M., Nguyen, X. N., Obraczka, K., & Turletti, T. (2014).
A survey of software-defined networking: Past, present, and future of
programmable networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(3),
1617-1634.
Pelletier, G., & Sandlund, K. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 8,948,206. Washington, DC:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Shah, K. C., Guo, H., Dyck, J., & Babbar, U. S. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,030,934.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Wang, B., Zheng, Y., Lou, W., & Hou, Y. T. (2015). DDoS attack protection in the
era of cloud computing and software-defined networking. Computer
Networks, 81, 308-319.

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Xia, W., Wen, Y., Foh, C. H., Niyato, D., & Xie, H. (2015). A survey on software-
defined networking. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(1), 27-51.
Yan, Q., Yu, F. R., Gong, Q., & Li, J. (2016). Software-defined networking (SDN)
and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in cloud computing
environments: A survey, some research issues, and challenges. IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(1), 602-622.