Fast Courier: Analysis of System Development and Stakeholder Impact

This report examines the software development project for Fast Courier, a transport-based company aiming to modernize its tracking system. It explores various system development approaches like the waterfall and incremental models, detailing their functional and non-functional requirements. The report includes a cost-benefit analysis for 2020-2022, assessing the financial impact of the new technology. Furthermore, it identifies key stakeholders, employing techniques to investigate their interests and influence. A zero-level data flow diagram illustrates the business processes for the new system, and an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is presented for the new inventory system. The report concludes with a summary of findings and references.

Fast
Courier

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The report is based on software development and various approaches related to it and
stakeholders. The approaches which are used in this report are system development approaches,
entity relationship diagram, cost analysis benefits, zero level diagram and stakeholders
investigation approaches.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
System development approaches that is used by Fast couriers in order to software
development:................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Requirements of functional and non functional in used approaches by Fast courier services:.. .6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Cost benefit analysis and excel spread sheet for the year 2020, 2021 and 2022:........................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
Stakeholders and techniques for investigating them:...................................................................8
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................9
Zero level data flow diagram depicting all the business process for new system:......................9
TASK 6..........................................................................................................................................10
ERD for new inventory system for Fast Courier:......................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Fast courier is the transport based company that provides various services to the clients. It
offer service to commercial offices as well as individuals . Clients requirement for the fast
courier through the fax, email and phone then firm calculated and send it within a weak. Petro
smith the manager of the fast courier service approached its team to working with outdated
logistics for its tracking system that is paper based system. The manager of the company would
like to improve its tracking process with updated version with more timely and accurate
information (Akgün, 2020). The company want to use modern techniques for database and
information to keep track clients transport, it provides real time tracking system. The topics
which is covers in this report is system development approaches, functional and non functional
requirements of it and cost sheet benefits analysis. Apart from this it also covers topics such as
stakeholders, investigation techniques, level 0 data flow diagram and ERD for new inventory
system.
TASK 1
System development approaches that is used by Fast couriers in order to software development:
Overview of the firm: The Fast couriers services is the courier and transport based firm
that provides services such as phone, email, fax etc. it provides its services to individuals and
commercial offices. For tracking its transport it uses old method of database keeping in books
but now firm wants to use new technology and modern way to complete its tracking process. In
order to develop new software project team uses various system development approaches.
System development approach also known as models of system development life cycle. It
includes stages such as planning, analysing, design, implementation and maintenance. This
technique is about that something is already exist but the rest needed to be update. It as a life
cycle, ant delay in the system leads to delay in project and affects the satisfaction level of
clients. It has various approaches such as system development approaches, the waterfall model,
the incremental model, the spiral model, the V life cycle model, rapid application model and the
prototyping model (Alahyari, Svensso and Gorschek, 2017).
Waterfall model: This model was founded by Royce in 1970, it is most popular method for
assessing evolution of new product or system. It has 7 different stages such as system
requirements, software requirements, analysis, program design, coding, testing and operations. In

this Fast courier development project, firm is starting from two essential steps that involved
analysis and coding. In the analysis stage, it again broken down into two steps system and
software requirements and in coding stage firms project team design a structure for overall
project. Firms team sets guidelines for the new system in order to accomplish task. It has 5
principles that are mentioned below:
◦ Program design comes first
◦ Document the design
◦ Do it twice
◦ Planning, controlling and monitoring testing.
◦ Customer involvement
The sequence involved in this model described below:
 Requirement gathering: All required things and information must be involved in
product requirement documents.
 Analysis read: it defines the schemes, models and business rules.
 System design: It is based on analysis design than software architecture.
 Implementation: development of the system design in the various units and functional
testing.
 Integration and testing: Each units which is developed in past stage again tests and
bridge the gap.
 Deployment of system: It involves makes the right product acco0rding to the design
after completing of functional and non functional requirements.
 Maintenance: It involves fixing issues and than release the new version as per
requirements (Assal and Chiasson, 2018).
The incremental model: The incremental model is advance version of waterfall model that uses
in fulfill the gap, which is slowness of the cycle. It is a flexible process that requires less
extensive planning. In this approach, this is not divided into stages the whole process designed
into one framework at a time. With the each implement, the product is improved according to
objectives and expectations. In this Fast courier, project team considers in the process of
software development and its tracking process by increments through a line of different releases.
In this stage product delivery is not faster but it also easy to test and make sure that it is correct .
This model is focus on different phases of product development in order to maximize the

benefits of improvements. Some characteristics of this module are the project is divided into
mini developments, partial system are are successively built to produce a proper system, higher
priority requirement is oversee first and once the requirement is developed than increment are
frostbitten.
Stages of incremental model:
Process of incremental Activities performed in incremental process
Requirement analysis Required and specific software are collected.
Design Various high level functions designed during the
stages.
Code Coding of designed software done in this stage
(Clarke, O'Connor and Leavy, 2016).
Test Once the system is developed in proper way, it goes
through the testing stage as it is in proper and
requirement manner or not.
TASK 2
Requirements of functional and non functional in used approaches by Fast courier services:
Functional and non functional requirements of approaches used by Fast Courier:
Functional requirements refers to what the system id does or not and non functional requirements
refers to system behaviours, features and general characteristics that affects the experience of
customers.
Waterfall model:
 Functional requirements: The functional requirements of waterfall model is very well
documented and it should be clear and fixed. Project team should take care that in this
software development project things and performance are well documented that defines
main purpose of it and help team to understood about it. Under this approach things
which are selected by company for software development should be fixed and clear that
helps team to work efficiently (Dingsøyr and Lassenius, 2016).

 Non functional requirements: Non functional requirements of the waterfall approach are
the quality characteristics of a solution. Under this project, the payment screen should be
available within 10 seconds for the customers. It focuses on customers satisfaction level
from the designed software, how much time it takes to complete payment process and
update track.
Incremental model:
 Functional requirements: Incremental model used in software development project with
Fast courier services. Functional requirements involved in this are divided into various
modules of software development. Each modules goes with the requirements, design,
implementation and testing phases.
 Non functional requirements: The non functional requirement of this is, it needs for
proper and good planning and total cost is high and needed for well defined modules.
Incremental model needs efforts for completing project.
TASK 3
Cost benefit analysis and excel spread sheet for the year 2020, 2021 and 2022:
Cost benefits analysis: It is the way of comparing the cost and benefits of invention and
innovation, both are expressed in monetary terms. It is about analysis of benefits with the
updated technology how it makes firm beneficial in context to its costs. In context to Fast courier
services, it is the process of taking actions via benefits minus the costs associated while taking
action. As per this cost benefit analysis of 2020, 2021 and 2022 it shows receipts and payments
of the Fast courier services. This analysis considers as the estimation for the future period of
time. As analysis of this it shows sales for the every year and receipts from clients. The receipts
shows as 100000, 346000 and 350000 for three years, this leads to increase in sales because of
technology advancement (Dönmez and Grote, 2018). As firm provides fast and better services to
its clients it leads to increase in sales. As per the payment mode 70000, 251000 and 229630. the
firms benefits are receipts minus payments that is 30000, 95000 and 120370 for the three years.
Company earns from its sales such as 35000 than it increases by 152000 till 2022. online orders
from clients 25000 that further increased by 96000 till 2022. it receives advance payments 20000
that increased by 50000 in 2021 and 2022. at the payment system it pays salary to its employees
10000 that creates large change in 2022 by 152000, this is because of employees better

productivity. Promotional charges shows 5000 that is increased by 28000 in year 2021 but it
decreased by 25830 because firm already created its brand image.
Particulars 2020 2021 2022
Receipts
Sales 35000 150000 152000
Online orders 25000 95000 96000
Advances payments 20000 51000 52000
Further development in software 20000 50000 50000
Total receipts 100000 346000 350000
Payments
Wages and salary 10000 55000 52000
Promotions 5000 28000 25830
Rent 5000 28000 21800
Software 20000 60000 58000
Cost of machines 30000 80000 72000
Total payments 70000 251000 229630
Benefits 30000 95000 120370
TASK 4
Stakeholders and techniques for investigating them:
A stakeholders has interest in the company and can affects a business. The main
stakeholders are investors, employees, customers, suppliers etc. stakeholders are impacted by
outcome of the project. As in this software development project and courier service tracking
system development project, people who is affected by the project is customers, web developers
and investors (Hoda, Salleh and Grundy, 2018). With the development in working methods it
increases value of the firm and ensures investors for firms profitability through betterment in
management. Because if firm provides fast services and updates about the project it will increase
the customers loyalty towards firm that leads to profitability in company.

The stakeholders analysis techniques refers to identifying who is stakeholders, interest,
clarifying stakeholders, identifying issues and take steps in order to support them. The technique
involves seven steps that are mentioned below:
 Brainstorm the list of potential stakeholders.
 Preparing of separate flip chart sheet for each stakeholder.
 Placed stockholder's name at the top of the each sheet.
 Create a narrow column down the right side of each sheet and leave the column blank.
 For every stakeholders, there is a criteria the stakeholders would uses in judge the
organisations performance.
Power versus interest grids: This techniques is described by Eden and Ackermann in
1998. this technique divide stakeholder into two by two matrix, where the dimensions are interest
and power that affects the organisation. In this four categories of stakeholders are mentioned, in
the first category it involves stakeholders who has interest and power are players, subjects- who
has interest but with little power, context setters who has little interest but power and crowd-
which involves stakeholders with little power and interest. It shows the interest and power
margins between different types of stakeholders (Patanakul and Rufo-McCarron, 2018).
Problem frame stakeholders map: The problem frame stakeholder investigation
technique was founded by Anderson et al. In 1999. The technique is useful in helping develop
problems. It has two by two matrix that shows opportunities, support and stakeholders power.
TASK 5
Zero level data flow diagram depicting all the business process for new system:
Zero level data flow diagram for courier management systems:

As per this 0 level diagram of courier services, it is also known as context diagram that
shows a data system for overall and shows the ways it interacts with external entities. it includes
various terms such as customer management, tracking management, system user management,
login management, shipment management and courier management. The Zero level DFD of
courier management system, it involved high level of courier management. It is basic overview
of overall courier management system of Fast courier services (Ralph, 2018). It is designed for
glimpse view of customers, managers and address showing the process with the relation to
external entities of courier, tracking and shipping. It is very easy to understood by wider
audience including courier shipping and managers. Process of courier management system such
as managing all couriers, tracking, shipping, offices, managers, customers and address.

TASK 6
ERD for new inventory system for Fast Courier:
Entity relationship diagram also known as ER model, it is a structure that shows
structural diagram for database design. It contains different connectors that shows information
of entities involves in systems and inter relation among these entities. ERD represents the model
which is related to the courier tracking entity. The entity relationship diagram for Fast courier
services shows all of the instruments of its database table and relations with customers,
managers, delivery, courier etc. it shows stricture of the firm all activities runs under this for