Chemical and Biological Remediation Techniques for Heavy Metals

This report provides a critical comparison and review of two peer-reviewed articles focusing on remediation techniques for heavy metals in contaminated soil. The first article, "Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Polluted Soil," examines the use of plants to remove cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, from the soil, highlighting the effectiveness of Brassica juncea in greenhouse conditions. The second article, "Remediation of Used Motor Engine Oil Contaminated Soil: A Soil Washing Treatment Approach," investigates the use of soil washing with detergents to remove motor oil contaminants. The report analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the methods used in each study, including the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Gas Chromatography, and discusses the approaches taken for sample collection, treatment, and analysis. Furthermore, it evaluates the authenticity and ethical considerations of each study, noting the varying degrees of transparency and adherence to ethical guidelines. The analysis concludes that while both articles offer valuable insights, the phytoremediation study provides more precise and structured data, while both could benefit from a more comprehensive consideration of ethical factors and expanded research parameters. Desklib offers a range of resources for students, including solved assignments and past papers.

Remediation Techniques for
Heavy Metals Contaminated
Soil Chemical and Biological
Approach

INTRODUCTION
Remediation techniques for heavy metals contaminates soil chemical and biological
approach plays strong role for further dealing with cleaning up hazardous materials, where it is
process of removing contaminants from soil which helps in restoring clean and safe conditions.
Contaminants include wide range of harmful chemicals and materials, where remediation
techniques for heavy metals contaminates need to be further evolved as per variable factors
which can be either short term or long term. The report will develop critical comparison and
review of two peer reviewed articles, which will enable proper competent vision oriented rise
developed towards gaining authentic information actively. Research will also primitively
strengthen up in depth critical review of methods, strengths, weaknesses and approaches which
have complemented information developed in each other along with ethical considerations.
“Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Polluted Soil” is the article that has been published
by Rekhta Katha, Prate Malhotra and Vichy Chaudhary that helps in understanding that heavy
metals are classified into two categories such as essential and non-essential. Likewise, MN, Fe,
Ni, Zn are essential mental, on the contrary note Cd, Pub, Hg and as are non-essential heavy
metals. In few years, there has been increased concentration of heavy metal used in environment
that has caused serious issues. The articles furthermore, has helped in learning that, Cobalt
Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are heavy metals that are toxic for the organism. Likewise, through
the article it has been derived that Cadmium is one of the toxic material that affects adversely on
the lungs, bones, kidney of human being (Anderson and et.al., (1974)). These causes serious
health problem in animal as well as human being. Phytoremediation is the best method that could
be used reduce the metal contamination as it is low cost, environment friendly technology. For
understanding the impact of heavy mental on environment, a sample of soil and plant were
collected from different locations that have more industrial waste. So, through the experiment, it
has been found decline in CD concentration in pot soil, while in green house condition the
Brassica juncea has been effectively grown.

Overview of article Remediation of Used Motor Engine Oil Contaminated Soil, A Soil
Washing Treatment Approach can be done by generating fundamental rise on increased
contamination of soil by motor oil. The study determined effect of soil washing using washing
powder as remediation technique for soils contaminated with used motor oil where research has
been found to be highly authentic. Article based on latest aspects, based on fundamental research
goals have been found to be dynamically expanded for strategic detailed analysis for more
detailed authentic research. Also, in depth critical comparison will determine strategic goals and
extensive developed rise towards untapped working targets for more authentic information
variedly. It can be also analysed that by extensively heading on towards authenticity
development, research results will be competently explored for getting determined results for
new technical pathways for longer time period (Cheng & et.al, 2021).
The strength of the approach used in the article of Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Polluted
Soil” is that three different areas soil and plant has been taken to accumulate information
pertaining to the impact of heavy mental on external environment. Likewise, in the study, Plant
and soil analysis has been used so its strength is that it has helped in finding areas that needs
treatment or improvement. This has helped in finding out the concentration of Cadmium
concentration through making use of = Concentration ppm × solution volume mL Ca/ Sample
weight (g) formula has effective conducted the concentration of Cadmium that adversely impact
on the health and well-being of living organism. The strength is that the study has been regularly

monitored and reading were triplicates in context of greenhouse experiment that helps in getting
more information (Hinsenveld and et.al., (1990)). On the contrary the weakness of article, is that
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer has been used in which only solutions can be analysed. At
the same time, it is less sensitive as compared to graphite furnace. Furthermore, it can be stated
that for this method large samples quantities are being required and it also have limited
application as it is about only 70 elements excluding the earth method that has been used in
detecting the method. It is also not useful in detecting the non mental.
While the article of “ Remediation of Used Motor Engine Oil Contaminated Soil: A Soil
Washing Treatment Approach” So the strength of the article is that the process of testing of each
sample during six weeks and repeated twice in order to maintain the accuracy and consistency of
the finding of experiment. At the same time, AAS is the great method that contribute in
effectively producing accurate and correct results. On the other hand, the weakness of the study
is that it is based on the Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons that has been used is highly acute toxicity
to aquatic life and birds. Along with it, more time and efforts has been made by the researcher to
gathered relevant and accurate information pertaining to study for fruitful outcome.
In order to pursue the study pertaining to “Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Polluted Soil”,
there were several method or approaches has been undertaken for fruitful outcome. Such as,
there has been three polluted sites of Delhi that has been taken to collect sample of soil and plant
likewise, Wazirabad Industrial Area, Indraprastha Power Station and Vihar Industrial Area.
Furthermore, there has been several plants that has been selected for the study are Ricinus,
Solanum, Saccharum, Amaranthus, Lycopersicon, Tamarix, Brassica juncea and Brassica
campestris (Urling (1990). Along with that for preliminary sample treatment, the plant has been
rinsed throughout the water and they both were has been dried up-to around 60°C for around at
least three days. Furthermore, In this approach, for plant and soil analysis, Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer has been used to find out CD concentration. At the same time, greenhouse
experiement is usedin which the B. juncea is plant were sown in labbelled pot of soil samples. As
well as kept in the greenhouse, along with it regular monitoring has been done that helps in
understanding that there is increase in height of plant upto 12-15 cm.
For completing the study on “ Remediation of Used Motor Engine Oil Contaminated
Soil: A Soil Washing Treatment Approach” there are steps of approach that has been used to
researcher to drive necessary information. Such as it has make use of motor oil contaminated

samples through hand-operated auger, and around 100 g of soil sample collected from area has
been put into eight containers that has been labelled from A to H. Then, after sometimes, 10 ml,
20 ml ,30 ml ,40 ml, 50 ml has been added in the respective pot such as A, B, C, D, E, F and G,
while for controlling the H pot, there has been no use of motor oil (Hooda (2007). All these
samples has been kept with the laboratory for around 2 weeks. Afterwards, the prepared
detergent solution has been added to the samples A and G and stirred effectively with an
motivate to bring good contact between the detergent solution and soil particles (Tangahu and
et al. (2011)). Then it has allow standing for twenty four hours in order to allow fine particles to
effectively settle down. Then the soil has been washed twice time with the water and it has been
filtered after wash and residue of soil has been air dried for two days. Double acid extraction is
the method that has been used to extract heavy mental. So atomic absorption spectrophotometer
is used to identified heavy mental while gas chromatography has been identified using
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons.
While answering questions answered in Phytoremediation of cadmium from polluted soil,
it can be analysed that answers have been found to be highly precise as compared with other
article. This further also signifies that questions answered in article informatively delivers for
strengthened rise based on significant aspects, It can be also considered that article has been
further evolving on effective parameters based on wider authentic aspects, which signifies that
varied transparency of research is also there. The article based on remediation of Used Motor
Engine Oil Contaminated Soil, based on washing Treatment Approaches have been less
authentic to provide answers effectively as per competent pathways competitively. The questions

assured are less focused on retaining more competent synergies regarding the latest research
parameters which can be further diversified extensively. It can be also analysed that functional
focus developed in research is also technically proper to be evolved on for further extensive new
goals.
The article based on premeditation of cadium from polluted soil, presents highly useful
information which have been also helpful for further productive usage of competent pathways
and to also leverage untapped new goals. Study has also displayed authentic information based
on strategic parameters where the latest strategies have been researched on practically to develop
untapped practical targets. Research done in study, is authentic within terms of developed
aspects for functional working avenues which will enable further competent productivity to be
evolved on extensive goals. However on critical analysis of article, it has been found that there is
less viable information available towards determining strategic techniques and providence of
useful information for technical determined goals (Thakare & et.al, 2021). As compared with
techniques, first article based on cadmium usage from polluted soil has been precisely authentic
to display effective structured data as compared with other article which further synchronises
authenticity of data can be further enhanced. Article research is less versatile and primitively less
explored up based on extensive scope for untapped paradigms, which extensively heads on new
research parameters to be practically evolved on for extensive research.
Approaches need to complement each other in article analysis for research to be authentic
effectively done in structured format, which plays keen role in developing varied extended
critical rise on larger arenas (Singh & et.al, 2021). Both articles have used authentic approaches,
which are specific and used in proper format, but in depth critical comparison also heads on
specific focus on parameters that the new findings have to be also primitively explored. The
article based on premeditation of cadium from polluted soil, has been used best approaches to be
used further in critical fundamentals arenas for detailed competent pathways as per recent
horizons. It can be also analysed that approaches used in second article has limited reach and
authenticity aspect, which develops critical focus on fact that innovation used by author in
research can be further diversified based on intricate findings for more competent developed
research. Strengths has to be practically evolved on for extensive new dynamic optimum goals,
where untapped research findings have to be also varied explored. Research by authors are less

versatile and need further extended expansion based on recent findings where this will also
determine competencies to be evolved on extensively towards new determined goals.
Ethical considerations plays strong role for article research to be improvised, where
analysis of factors such as confidentiality, anonymity, and conflict of interest must be considered
ethically for research to be improvised in longer time run. This further also heads on specific
focus on maintaining precise developed analysis on ethical considerations, enabling informative
data to be used on for informative further primitive engagement. It can be analysed that article
has presented in depth fundamental extensive focus on prior focus towards ethical considerations'
maintenance for maintaining ethical parameters worked on.
The article based on Phytoremediation of Cadmium from Polluted Soil, has been
focusing on maintaining less adherence towards ethical considerations variedly towards ethical
considerations specifically. It can be also found that article has been lacking authenticity
regarding ethical considerations, which is essential aspect to be considered on for gaining
working result evaluated for longer time authenticity. The comparison on parameters within
article, will enable technical efficacy to be more diversified based on new critical working arenas
for extended time period paradigms (Kumar & Khan, 2021).
The second article on other hand, based on remediation of Used Motor Engine Oil
Contaminated Soil, A Soil Washing Treatment Approach has been adhering extensive focus on

detailed aspects for ethical considerations. It has been found that maintaining prior focus on
ethical considerations enables research data to be worked on imperatively in advanced format for
longer time period in diversified format. The article has also been heading on specific focus on
extensive effective functional utilisation on authenticity parameters to be followed on
strategically for data to be displayed in effective manner. Also, research has been heading on
productive details to be worked on in functional goals where the latest methods and innovation
evolving has been found. This signifies extensive focus towards productive usage of ethical
consideration factors, determined factors pertaining on developed parameters regarding ethical
considerations (Zhou & et.al, 2021).
CONCLUSION
From the recent findings evolved within research, report has summarized key findings
about in depth critical comparison about productive working scenarios where analysis on
remediation techniques for heavy metals contaminated soil chemical and biological approach.
Articles have in depth developed signified focus on extended working arenas, where articles hve
shared varied extended informations for more authentic informative insights. Study also
concluded detailed factors regarding authenticity factors, analysis based on extended technical
parameters of methods used and informations analysis of methods usage for research to be
authentic. Recent findings have enabled to develop crucial working parameters evolved on
towards remediation techniques for heavy metals' contamination of soil chemical and biological
approach, where recent parameters have shed significant light on extended new fundamental
arenas.

REFERENCES
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