Research Proposal: Solar Energy Benefits in the Indian Marketplace

This report presents a research proposal focused on analyzing the benefits and importance of solar energy in the Indian marketplace. The proposal outlines the research topic, background, and rationale, emphasizing the growing significance of solar energy in India due to rising power demands and e...Read More

Research Methodologies

Table of Contents
Submission 1: Research Design Proposal........................................................................................3
Title and Background to the Research Topic: “ To analyse the benefits and importance of solar
energy in the Indian marketplace.”..................................................................................................3
Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................................3
Chapter: 2.........................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3: Data Analysis............................................................................................................8
SUBMISSION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................10
Chapter 1: Literature Review Introduction....................................................................................10
Chapter 2: Literature Review Main Body......................................................................................10
Chapter 3: Literature Review Conclusion......................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

Submission 1: Research Design Proposal
Title and Background to the Research Topic: “ To analyse the benefits and
importance of solar energy in the Indian marketplace.”
Chapter 1: Introduction
Overview of Research
Solar power or energy which acquired from sun converted into thermal or electrical
energy. It is one of the most cleanest and most adequate source of renewable energy source
available in the whole world (Bresler and Stake, 2017.). Solar technology can harness
respective energy and used in varietal manner such as generating electricity, to lighten or to
comfortable inner environment and to heat water for domestic, commercial usage. Majorly three
ways to harness sources of energy that are photovoltaic, solar heating and cooling and solar
power. The most important aspect is to analyse the importance and implement it in the whole
world. Sunlight received by the earth is adequate in quantity to satisfy the needs of energy
annually of people at worldwide.
Background of Research
Solar energy as an renewable source of energy proved potential to satisfy or meet the
kinds of challenges or hindrances faced by the whole world. There are lots of reasons to promote
and reach at large extent to energy market as it is versatile in nature with major benefits for
environment and human being (Flick, 2015.). In context of India the market is grow
significantly in upcoming a decade, majorly driven by the rising power demand and prices of

fossil fuels and ambitions of solar mission at national and international initiatives. The growth
of solar energy in the market of India rising rapidly but country has to go for long way to reach at
the goal of increasing solar power in incremental way. It is very much necessary in context of
India to evaluate the various ways to produce solar energy as it is cost effective and saves
resources in positive manner. Across India, lot of villages still not acquainted with solar energy
with plenty of sun but not enough power.
Rationale of Research
Respective project on solar energy is very much important for the researcher and students
as solar energy is something that every one can gain from it to attain positive outcomes. It has
many advantages that should know by students that all kinds of renewable energy which begin to
sky rocket since to the natural resources are lessen down. It is very much necessary to educate
students about the importance and advantages of solar energy to make the world on a sustainable
level. After completion of respective project the researcher and others will able to apply future
thinking and tactics to ameliorate the conditions. Respective research project proved beneficial to
provide knowledge and information to students and get aware to people regarding facts and
significance of solar energy in life of an individual.
Research aim:
“ To analyse the benefits and importance of solar energy in the Indian marketplace.”
Research objectives:
 To analyse about solar energy and its sources.
 To examine the ways that used to produce cheapest solar energy.
 To evaluate benefits of solar energy for the Indian market.
Research questions:
 What is solar energy and its sources?
 What are various ways used to produce cheapest solar energy?
 What are the major benefits of solar energy for the Indian market?
Chapter: 2
Research methodology:
Research methodology is the specific chain of activities or techniques helps to evaluate,
select and analyse the knowledge and information regarding a specified subject matter. It helps
to researcher to critically evaluate the validity and accuracy of the whole study ( Humphries,

2017. ). The main motive behind respective section is to acknowledge information regarding the
way data was collected and how was it evaluated. It proved beneficial to examine factors to
written down hypothesis and kinds of evidences in making effective decisions for a specified
subject matter. With the planning and coordinating each and every aspect organisation can
evaluate issues or concerns that are as follows:
Kinds of research techniques:
While conduct research, a researcher can evaluate or avail kinds of research techniques
which rely on the nature of project. Here are the different methods to evaluate aspects related to
the specified project that are as follows:
Qualitative method:
Qualitative research method which focus on the collection of data and statistics by using
open ended and conversational communication tool. Respective research designed in a way
which helps to reveal out behaviour and level of perception of target audience. There are kinds of
research methods which come under it such as in depth interview, focus groups, content analysis
and case study research.
Quantitative method:
Qualitative research method is an kind of systematic investigation or examination of
phenomenon after collecting quantifiable data and information (Kumar, 2019.). It gathers
information from both existing and potential consumer by using sampling techniques by sending
out online surveys, polls and questionnaire etc.
In respective project the research method used by researcher are quantitative the main
reason behind using respective method of research that it is objective in nature and elaborated.
The results achieved from it are logical,statistical and unbiased.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy deals with the source, nature and development of knowledge and
information. It is a belief about ways in which data regarding a phenomenon should be collected,
analysed and used. Here are the various kinds of research philosophy used by the researcher that
are as follows:
Interpretivism philosophy:

Interpretivism which also known as interpretivist in which researchers interprets various
kinds of elements of the study by integrating human interest into a study. It access to reality by
using social constructions such as language, consciousness and many more.
Positivism philosophy:
Positivism adheres to the only view of factual knowledge gained or obsessed with the
help of observation by taking trustworthy measurement (Ledford and Gast, 2018.). In it the role
of researcher is only limited to the data collection and its interpretation.
In particular research project the the research philosophy which used by the researcher is
Interpretivism which is qualitative and subjective in nature. It helps to acquire valid data and
statistics by build rapport with participants.
Research Approaches
Research approach is a detailed plan and procedure which consist kinds of steps for broad
assumption by using various data collection tools to analyse and interpret. Research approach
can be divided into majorly three categories:
Deductive research approach:
Respective research approach begins with the theory, formulating hypothesis from the
theory and then collecting knowledge and information to test hypothesis. In it researcher studies
about what others have done and evaluate theories and test hypothesis on basis of it.
Inductive research approach:
Respective approach of research starts with the collecting data and information which is
relevant as per the topic. After collecting data and information researcher evaluate in detailed
manner to reach at conclusion.
Abductive research approach:
Respective kind of research approach helps to eliminate weaknesses associated with both
the inductive and deductive approaches. It starts with surprising facts or figures which devoted to
explanation.
In respective project the approach of research used by researcher is inductive which
allows to remain determine towards promises.
Research Design
Research design refers to the framework of various methods and tools which chosen by
an researcher to merge or combine various components in a logical manner to evaluate problems

in effective manner ( Litosseliti, 2018.). For a researcher there are various kinds of research
design which proved beneficial for achieving desirable goals and objectives in positive manner
that are as follows:
Descriptive design:
Respective research design is a scientific method involves the observation and
description of behaviour of a subject matter without influencing any way (Mackey and Gass,
2015). The results from respective research can not be used to give definite answer to disprove a
hypothesis.
Explanatory design:
Respective research design conducted for the problem which is not researched before, by
using priorities regarding demand, operational definitions provide a better research model.
Exploratory design:
This is performed in case of any problems occurred which was not investigated earlier as
well as concentrated upon explaining aspects of research in described way (Silverman, 2016.)..
It is the flexible in nature as well as also provides initial base for further research.
In this research, the descriptive research design will be used by researchers as this aids
them to describe circumstances in systematic manner.
Data Collection
This is described as the process of gathering as well as examining data upon variable
interest systematically. This aids in collecting information from appropriate source for searching
the answer of the research questions. Data collection is associated with relevant acquisition of
information which is based on particular field. This main purpose of this is to obtain quality
information which can transform into data analysis in simple way. Moreover, this is an accurate
way that is essential to ensure the integrity of research. It is of two kinds which are discussed
below:
Primary methods: It is considered as the first handed information which is accumulated by
researcher for the first time. Outcomes of this investigation are relevant when information is
accumulated by investigator in direct manner (Wiek and Lang, 2016.). Data collection fro this
particular source is costly as well as required resources like investment as well as manpower.
Various source for gathering the primary data such as articles, survey, observations and many
more.

Secondary methods: This implies second handed data which is accumulated as well as also
recorded previously through another individuals from particular purpose. Within secondary
method, data is simply available as well as it is cost effective and saves time. The sources that is
used in this for accumulating data are internet, books, journal and so on. With the assistance of
this methods investigator can identify relevant as well as accurate data to obtain positive results
effectively and efficiently.
For this research, the researcher will formulate the questionnaire in primary research
methods as by it they can gather data from huge number of observation in less time duration.
Sampling
The sample is considered as the subset of individuals which is being researched. It
presents huge number of observation as well as draw inferences about that population. This is
refers as the statistical procedures which is associated with choosing person as observations. This
assists them to develop numerical inferences associated to population.
Sampling is related with choosing units from interested observation in order to accumulate the
relevant data. Several methods of sampling are discussed below:
Probability method:
This methods is utilised for few kinds of random section. Within this sampling
techniques, sample are chosen from the huge population by utilising methods which depends
upon the probability theory (Wiek and Lang, 2016.). This is the sampling techniques in which
samples are gathered into procedures which facilitates equal possibilities to whole individuals
that is being selected.
Non- probability method: Within this methods of sampling, samples are gathered into
procedures which do not facilitates whole individuals within observation the fair chances of
selection. Investigator select samples as per the judgement of researchers instead of random
selection. This is totally depends upon the experienced researcher as well as performed by the
methods of observations.
For performing this data, there are 50 respondents chosen by investigator through
utilising random sampling into probability methods. Reason for utilising the random sampling is
that this facilitates the equal possibilities to whole observation to response the questionnaires.

Chapter 3: Data Analysis
Data analysis is very much important for the researcher by approaching various kinds of
logical and statistical tools to examine data in proper manner. It is mostly avail by the researcher
to investigate or examine to lessen down the effects by interpret data (Quinlan and et.al ., 2019.).
It helps to understand the hidden facts and figures behind the data and statistics that assist in
decision making. It is the responsibility of a researcher to pick out one of best solution of
concerning issue that faced while conducting research and development. In respective research
data should be analysed with the help of questionnaire that are associated with solar energy and
its benefits. So after analysis it has been concluded that it provides positive results by using
graphs which shows frequency of respondents.
Chapter 4: Ethics, Values, Referencing And Presentation
At the time of research and development it is very much obligatory to consider the ethical
issues or concerns (Silverman, 2016.). It is very important to collect accurate, informative and
potential sources of knowledge that provides crucial outcomes in decision making process.
Information should be confidential enough which collected from the respondents to gain
potential outcomes out of it. The data and statistics should be informative and value added in
knowledge of a reader to remain always competitive in marketplace. Researcher have to take
information from various sources that are authorised in nature.

SUBMISSION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 1: Literature Review Introduction
This is considered as the written by someone which is required for including essential
points of recent knowledge. The literature review is defined as the one of the crucial steps into
the procedures of research. The main aim of this is to deliver readers about the task which have
been performed related to particular topic. It is the broader, deep as well as systematized part of
research. Moreover, it examine the literature body in respect to categorised by utilising themes as
well as share with others. For accumulating the data, various source are used by investigator for
instance books, articles and others (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015.). Also, the researcher
prefer the viewpoints as well as thoughts of various authors for obtaining exact information
systematically. This is somehow similar to the summary of source as well as symbolize thoughts
and arguments of another person.
The scope of the literature review is that, this can be comprehensive but have to analyse
the works of principle. It aids them to examine the relation and interaction among many tasks.
Moreover, this assists in neglecting redundancy within research as well as ascertain new
problems. This allows investigator to enter continuous conversation with few another
investigators and scholars.
Chapter 2: Literature Review Main Body
What is solar energy and its sources?
Solar energy is that produced by sun's light with the help of photovoltaic energy and its
warmness collected for accomplishing objective to produce electricity or heat. It is inexhaustible
and renewable in nature as it comes from the sun. it is harnessed by using panels and mirrors.
Solar energy is one of most important source to clean environment in near future as sun gives lot
of energy on daily basis to earth. So in India various projects held on improving solar plants and
solar kits to customers in amending the life style of consumers (Solar power - unlimited source
of energy, 2019). the major benefit of Solar energy that it is renewable in nature and Co2 free
and very much effective as it is low cost. Solar plants effective in producing the electricity by
modifying flow of energy by using the sun's energy. Any kinds of harmful air not released while
electricity produced with the help of solar energy. It is very much cost effective in nature in
which photovoltaic process should be used to transform the energy into electricity not occurs any

kind of fuel and variable cost. The warmness an individual feels while standing under the sun is
one of way shows the use of solar energy. But kinds of ways also exist by which an individual
can store it for future use that are passive solar, thermal solar and photovoltaic solar. By using
passive solar energy by using sun light and heat. In that sense sunlight helps to warm rooms, dry
clothes and fruits. On other hand thermal solar which involves collection of heat and store it for
future utilisation. The common example of thermal solar use of hot water units by storing water
in copper pipes on roof that helps to heat water. The another way is photovoltaic solar which use
sun's energy by panels. Traditional method of generating the electric power includes hydro
power, thermal power and nuclear but in today's generation which is aware towards the eco
friendly products for that government focus on generation of power by using solar and wind
power that is one of best substitute to produce electricity for domestic and commercial usage. In
India presently 220 MW operating capacity exists with 7 operational solar power plants in India
and Russia. 360 MW under development are in progress to reap important kinds of benefits out
of it. Potentiality of solar energy is enormous, since approximately 2,00,000 times the world's
total daily electric generating capacity received by earth on daily basis in form of solar energy.
There are some important kinds of facts which helps to get aware regarding the importance of
solar energy in the life of an individual that sun is a great source of energy and provides from
billion of years. People from the origin of world use solar light to warm themselves, to grow
crops and to dry things such as clothes and food. There are various factors which directly affect
on the amount of solar energy that are weather, time of year and geographical factors but solar
energy can be stored at any time of a year.
What are various ways used to produce cheapest solar energy?
Solar energy considered as an marginal power source and now it is one of the major
driver behind the transition towards the greener, more sustainable source of energy. Over the
globe the prices falling gradually and now India is producing one of the cheapest solar power as
per the international renewable energy agency survey. The cost of installation of components
gradually fell by 27% in the Year 2018 (India is now producing the world’s cheapest solar
power, 2019). there are kinds of ways to save the cost of installing a solar power system as per
the electricity needs of an individual. Here are the some options which utilise widely in India to
eliminate cost at maximum level and used in houses that employed to generate PV energy. India
now using the silicon or thin film based technology which is previously expensive but now

processed through vacuum based techniques. The development of various kinds of technologies
and new material could lead towards reduction in generating of cost. There are various sources
which are used by people at local level that are use of solar power converter which is a simple
and cheap method of solar power grid without owning a power plant. As the rise in awareness in
between the people they could own their whole network subscription which use for
communication. It proved helpful in sharing network with others that relatively lessen down the
cost in various measures in effective manner. There are some kinds of concepts prevails into
marketplace such as peer to peer solar sharing networks, solar powered bike, grid and solar
lights, power plugs, roadways, backpacks, cookers, water heaters, solar generators, water pumps
and watches. These are various ways and methods to save the electricity and cost in effective
manner and commonly prevails in the marketplace. So it can be said that all are these important
ways to save cost to produce cheapest solar energy which contributes towards enhancing
standard of life.
What are the major benefits of solar energy for the Indian market?
Solar energy derived from the sun's radiation which is one of the most powerful source
and can be harnesses by installing solar panels in effective manner. The amazing fact regarding
solar energy that sun provides the Earth in an hour to satisfy the needs of whole globe for a year
and world only optimise .001 % of it. So it is one of burning issue in today's world as it possess
some important kinds of benefits that are as follows:
Provides clean, renewable energy:
The major benefits behind using the solar energy that is one of totally clean renewable
source of energy. It helps to reduce the dependency of oil, coal and natural gases while
producing electricity for commercial as well as domestic production (5 Advantages of Solar
Power, 2019). While electricity produced with the help of fossil fuels it creates harmful effects as
emissions of air, water and soil and emergence of global warming in India. It is evaluated that if
world not focus on solar energy then the earth will lose its plants and animals. In contrast solar
energy not produces any kind of malpractices by offering abundant power or energy. So it has
been concluded that after the large initial investment, there are not any kind of installation cost
associated with the whole project it means that investment can be recovered very quickly.
Zero energy production cost:

Solar energy does not require any kind of outside supply to work in a effective manner, it
does not needed any kind of maintenance and energy production cost which are practically zero.
The single cost associated with the whole project is only manufacturing and installation of
various kinds of components to bring it into practice.
Less energy lost during the long distance transport:
Losses occurs while transport and distribution of energy exist at the long distance in
between the production and supply points. Although respective losses are not very gigantic but
affect on performance of installation in densely populated areas as India second largest populated
country in the whole world after china. On other hand installation of individual instrument at
long distance drastically decrease the efficiency level. So it can be said that it is very much cost
effective in nature and very much easy to install.
Impact on environment:
The production of solar energy proved beneficial for environment as it not produces any
kind of noise pollution which is an important aspect of its installation in urban areas. It also not
produce any kind of waste as it not required any kind of maintenance and work for long time
energy production system. In context of India in which every region have different weather so it
is very much helpful for them to minimise the effect in extremely changing weather.
Economic saving and impact:
The production of solar energy from the sun has significant impact on the lives of people
as it reduce cost as it is a inexhaustible source of energy. It not create any kind of fluctuations or
effects generated by speculation. As it requires only initial investment which rapidly recover as it
not requires any kind of further investment. As it has been noted that it is a unlimited and
continuous source of energy which not require any kind of maintenance and usage cost.
The another important benefit or advantage from the solar energy as it provides and
promotes local job creation. By creating large no. of jobs assist to economy in positive manner.
So it can be said that there are lot of benefits of solar energy which impacts in positive manner
not only in individuals, organisation and economy also.
Chapter 3: Literature Review Conclusion
Literature review has been refers as the essential aspects of research. This described the
concepts associated towards cross culture in effective way (Silverman, 2016). It is the par which
facilitates the deep data regarding specific concepts. Also, the more discussion has been

performed upon solar energy. Information have been accumulated by utilising several sources as
well as analysis opinion of various authors. There have been explained about solar energy and
their benefits. Also, cost effective ways of reducing solar energy has been researched here.

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