CE Project: Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power System

This project report details the design and fabrication of a PV solar rooftop power generation system, a significant undertaking for an electrical engineering student. The project focuses on converting sunlight into electricity using solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules, with the objective of reducing solar energy exploitation. The student's responsibilities included designing the power generation system, researching photovoltaic power generation, managing the project budget, and documenting the project. The report discusses the project's background, objectives, the student's role, and the application of engineering knowledge. It also covers issues encountered, such as design challenges, and the solutions implemented. The project encompasses various aspects, including grid-tied, grid-interactive, and off-grid systems, and highlights the benefits of rooftop solar power, such as enhanced grid stability and reduced costs. The report also includes the student's application of electrical engineering skills, problem-solving, and leadership abilities. The project was successfully completed with teamwork and guidance, focusing on the design of the power generation system.

CE 1.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Design and Fabrication of PV Solar rooftop power generation
system
Location of the project: Please fill
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization: Please fill
Role and Designation during the time: Team Member of the project
CE 1.2 Project Background
CE 1.2.1 Characteristics of the project
The project of Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power Generation
System was the first important and significant project in my engineering career. This particular
project has helped me in understanding the entire concept of photo voltaic rooftop power
generation properly and hence the entire project became successful. Sunlight is being converted
into electricity, when this sunlight falls on the modules of SPV or solar photovoltaic. Each and
every system or device is eventually made for several applications, which are created on the
basis of the modules of SPV. All of these devices are subsequently designed for working in a
specific off grid mode. This grid is supported with various batteries for enabling to utilize when
the sunlight is lower or null. The available rooftop over the buildings could even be utilized to
set up over the ground surface. This project has focused on the designing of power generation
system that is present over the roof of a building for reducing the exploitation of solar energy.

CE 1.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
The project of Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power Generation System
had several significant objectives. The most important objectives of this specific project are as
follows:
 To design and fabricate PV solar rooftop power generation system
 To reduce the exploitation of the solar energy.
CE 1.2.3 My area of work
My major area of work was to design the solar power generation system that was the
most important point in this project. I knew it very well that if the design is not made properly;
the entire project is bound to become a failure. Hence, I made the design perfectly. I even took
assistance from my project supervisor in understanding the project. In the beginning, I had some
doubts; however with the help of my project supervisor and other team members, I was
successful in removing all my doubts, thus becoming successful in making the project design
perfectly.

CE 1.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: People involved in the project
CE 1.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I had various significant and important roles and responsibilities throughput the project. I
made sure that I executed them perfectly and with utmost sincerity. The first responsibility that
was given to me by my project leader was to choose a specific topic for this project. I had
various doubts regarding the topic of our project. However, after several brainstorming sessions
and discussions with all of my team members as well as project leader, I gave the idea to execute
the project of Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power Generation System. Since, I
had the idea of photovoltaic solar; I had the confidence to execute this particular project
perfectly. My next responsibility was to study the research papers about photovoltaic power
generation system and obtain accurate knowledge for getting involved in this project. I even
prepared the lists of every type of raw material that was needed in this project and made sure that

our project does not exceed the overall budget. As I had leadership skills, I segregated the tasks
of the project amongst all the team members. My next important responsibility in this project
was to document the entire project. I utilized my computer proficiencies and made the report
perfectly. I even assisted my project leader in the entire project duration. I even had to design the
power generation system and thus making the entire project proper.
CE 1.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 1.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
The rooftop photovoltaic systems are installed on the roofs of various buildings for the
purpose of reducing the excess usage of solar energy. Roof top system is one of the best features
of rooftop solar PV systems is that they can be permitted and installed faster than other types of
renewable power plants. In the project, we have utilized both the non penetrating as well as
penetrating systems of roof mount. All the rooftop solar PV systems are extremely easy for
installing and maintenance. Each and every building has the ability to generate some of the solar
power by simply installing the photovoltaic panels over the rooftop. The major advantages of the
roof top solar power mainly include photovoltaic roof top installations at the tail end of grid.
These installations could enhance the stability of grid and thus reduce the overall cost. The land
requirements as well as costs or expenses are also saved in this type of solar power. The total
expense for development of the new infrastructure of transmission is also saved. Moreover, this
type of power generation system helps to distribute the power evenly for its users.
The photovoltaic panels are being installed on the building roof on the basis of the
availability of the roof area. The total output of these panels or DC electricity eventually
connects to the inverter or power conditioning unit. The conversion from DC to AC is done by

this inverter. The output of the inverter would be then connected to the distribution board or
control panel for successfully the power. The inverter synchronizes with grid and also with any
backup power source to produce smooth power to power the loads with preference of consuming
solar power first. If the solar power is more than the load requirement, the excess power is
automatically fed to the grid. For larger capacity systems connection through step up transformer
and switch yard may be required to feed the power to grid.
Figure 2: Roof top Solar
There are three types of roof top solar photovoltaic systems. They are as follows:
i) Grid Tied System: This helps in supplying the generated power to the grid and also
powering the load. All the systems will not be generating the power during the failure of power
when the inverter shuts down their system for stopping the sending power within the grid.
ii) Grid Interactive: This system helps to join with either diesel generator or battery
backup for supporting the load for power failure.

iii) Off Grid: This particular system does not work with the grid and is thus designed for
working with the battery backup or the diesel generator within the off grid applications.
The project was implemented with the target of 40000 MWp of the Grid Interactive Solar
Rooftop systems in the next five years. The solar photovoltaic for the rooftop systems had the
reduction of capital subsidy from 30% to 15%. Due to the solar photovoltaic project, the
dependency on the electricity would be reduced to a greater level and thus the world will be
extremely beneficial in the entire process. The next benefit that the world would be getting is that
the total expense of using electricity would be lower to a greater extent. The smart grid
connected solar photovoltaic system solely ensures the fact that the system operators could easily
determine if they could carry out their management of energy. Since, solar energy was renewable
in nature; it would have been easy and effective for the world.
CE 1.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I had properly used my skills and knowledge of electrical engineering for successfully
completing this particular project of Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power
Generation System. In the starting of this project, I had few doubts; however, my project leader
and other team members helped to clear out my doubts. The next skill that I had utilized in this
project was problem solving. I even had leadership skills and in absence of project leader, I used
to lead the team. I even had various computer knowledge, which I had used in this project.
CE 1.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
1.3.4.1 Issues

The most significant issue that I faced in this project was the issue in designing the power
generation system. Since, I was given the responsibility of designing the system, I was extra
cautious about this design.
1.3.4.2 Solutions
For solving the problem I utilized my electrical engineering skills and took help from my
other project members and project leader. Finally, I was successful in solving this problem and
the design was made properly.
CE 1.4 Project Review
CE 1.4.1 Project Overview
This project of Design and Fabrication of PV Solar Rooftop Power Generation System
was accomplished perfectly with the team work of me and my team members. We completed our
project under the guidance of our project leader. In the beginning, we collected the raw materials
and took permission from the head of the department. I made the project design properly and
looked into the project budget. Finally, this particular project was accomplished successfully.
CE 1.4.2 My Contribution to the work
I was an important part of the work. My major contribution to this project was the to
make the design of the power generation system. Since, this was my first project; I was extra
conscious about the project and finally was successfully in making the design properly. I also
assisted my project leader during the project tenure and in absence of him; I leaded the team with
my leadership skills.