Analysis of Accounting Theory and Issues: Sonic Healthcare Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Sonic Healthcare's compliance with the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) conceptual framework and General Purpose Financial Reporting (GPFR). It examines the company's financial performance from 2013 to 2017, highlighting a decline in key financial parameters like EBITDA and net profit after tax in 2017, while revenue increased. The report assesses Sonic Healthcare's adherence to AASB standards regarding Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE), contingent liabilities, inventories, revenue recognition, and dividend reporting. It also discusses the company's remuneration report and recent news, including insider trading activity. The analysis indicates Sonic Healthcare's full compliance with AASB standards and provides a critical evaluation of its financial position, concluding with a recommendation for investors. The report also includes extracts from the company's annual reports to support its analysis.

Running head: ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ISSUES
Accounting Theory and Issues
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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Executive Summary
This report takes an attempt to analyze the compliance of Sonic Healthcare with the principles
and standards of the conceptual framework of AASB. The analysis indicates towards the decline
in financial performance of Sonic Healthcare in 2017. It can be seen that Sonic Healthcare has
full adherence to the standards and principles of AASB conceptual framework and GPFR. The
report also discusses about a recent tax fraud case of Sonic Healthcare. Lastly, the report
provides suggestion to the investor whether to invest in the company or not.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Company Profile..............................................................................................................................3
Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................................5
General Purpose Financial Reporting (GPFR)................................................................................6
Remuneration Report.......................................................................................................................7
Critical Analysis..............................................................................................................................8
Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE).........................................................................................8
Contingent Liability.....................................................................................................................9
Inventories.................................................................................................................................10
Revenue.....................................................................................................................................10
Dividends...................................................................................................................................11
Recent News..................................................................................................................................12
Comparison....................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................16

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Introduction
The main objective of this report lies in the analysis and evaluation of the compliance of
different standards of accounting conceptual framework and general purpose financial reporting
by one Australian company. For the progress of this report, Sonic Healthcare Limited (Sonic
Healthcare) is taken into consideration for the purpose of analysis and evaluation. On a broader
note, the report aims at the analysis of the importance of conceptual framework for the
preparation and presentation of the financial statements of the selected organization (Nobes,
2014). It can be seen that Australia has a well developed conceptual framework provided by the
Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) for the Australian organizations to get assistance
in the process of financial reporting. Moreover, AASB has put the obligation on the Australian
companies to adhere to the regulations and standards of AASB conceptual framework in the
process of their financial reporting (Hope, Thomas & Vyas, 2013). This report consists of some
specific parts that analyze various dimensions of the conceptual framework and general purpose
financial reporting for Sonic Healthcare. Based on the outcome of the overall analysis, the
appropriate suggestion for the investors is provided in the conclusion part.
Company Profile
Sonic Healthcare is considered as one of the leading companies in Australia involved in
providing laboratory services, pathology services and radiology services. The company was
established in the year of 1987 and it is headquartered at Macquarie Park, Sydney, New South
Wales, Australia. The worldwide reputation of Sonic Healthcare can be seen in laboratory,
medicine, radiology and other diagnostic services. Apart from Australia, Sonic Healthcare has its

4ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ISSUES
presence in the countries like USA, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom, New
Zealand and New Zealand (sonichealthcare.com, 2018).
The following table shows the summary of the financial performance of Sonic Healthcare for last
five years from 2013 to 2017:
(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
The above table shows that there is decrease in the major financial parameters of Sonic
Healthcare. Decrease can be seen in EBITDA and net profit after tax. However, increase in
revenue is visible in above. The following figure shows the movement of share price of the
company for last five years:

5ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ISSUES
(Source: asx.com.au, 2018)
It is visible from the above table that the share price of Sonic Healthcare has been in the
upward way as compared to 2014 to 2018. All these aspects indicate towards a mixed financial
performance of Sonic Healthcare where both increase and decrease in major financial parameters
can be seen.
Conceptual Framework
As per the earlier discussion, the main role of AASB conceptual framework can be found
in providing the needed guidelines and principles for the preparation and presentation of the
financial statements of the Australian companies (aasb.gov.au, 2018). At the same time, it
provides great assistance in the aspects of general purpose financial reporting of the companies.
Moreover, AASB conceptual framework works as a major mechanism to International
Accounting Standard Board (AASB) for developing new standards and principles for making
financial reporting more effective (aasb.gov.au, 2018). The following extracts from the 2017

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Annual Report of Sonic Healthcare shows the adherence of the company with the principles of
conceptual framework:
(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
It is visible from the above extracts that Sonic Healthcare fully adheres to the standards
and guiding principles of AASB conceptual framework in order to prepare and present their
financial statements. At the same time, compliance of the company with the regulations of
Corporations Act 2001 can be seen from the annual report. Apart from all these, Sonic
Healthcare also adheres to the standards of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
and IASB in the process of their financial reporting (sonichealthcare.com, 2018).

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In this context, it needs to be mentioned that the AASB conceptual framework has some
specific contribution towards promoting as well as maintaining the introduced principles,
standards and regulations of financial reporting (Pannicke, Berlinger & Dopf, 2013). At the same
time, this conceptual framework also has a specific role to play towards the Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP) in order to review the standards and principles of financial
reporting. Thus, the underlying objective of AASB conceptual framework is to provide the
investors and users of the financial statements with the required financial information for the
process of investment decision-making. It is also considered as a useful tool for the auditors to
review the financial statements of the companies (Henderson et al., 2015).
General Purpose Financial Reporting (GPFR)
The main aim of GPFR is to provide assistance to the investors and other users of the
financial statements in the process of investment decision-making by delivering the needed
financial information about the business organizations. There are four components of GPFR in
the companies; they are income statement or profit or loss statement; balance sheet or the
statement of financial position; statement of change in equity and the statement of cash flows
(Lawrence, 2013). It is the responsibility on the business entities to prepare and present all the
components of GPFR so that the investors and users can gain required information. It needs to be
mentioned that the different components of GPFR consider the interest of both the existing as
well as potential shareholders of the business entities. As per the conceptual framework,
financial information of GPFR must have both the fundamental and enhancing qualitative
characteristics in order to make them more purposeful and acceptable to the users. The
fundamental qualitative characteristics are Relevance and Faithful Representation. The
enhancing qualitative characteristics are Comparability, Verifiability, Timeliness and

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Understandability. The analysis of the financial statements of Sonic Healthcare shows the
presence of all of these characteristics in the financial information of different financial
statements (Hail, 2013).
Remuneration Report
The analysis of the 2017 Annual Report of Sonic Healthcare states that the remuneration
committee of the company adheres to the guidelines of Corporations Act 2001 to calculate
different components of the executive remuneration. As per the remuneration policy of Sonic
Healthcare, the executive remuneration must reflect the roles and responsibilities of the
executive directors. There are three parts in the remuneration structure of Sonic Healthcare for
their executive directors. They are Fixed Remuneration, Short-Term Incentives (STI) and Long-
Term Incentives (LTI). Fixed remuneration is provided as per the base level of remuneration, but
the payment of STI and LTI is based on the performance of the executive directors
(sonichealthcare.com, 2018). The following extract shows the company’s performance as an
outcome of executive remuneration in 2017:

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(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
It is visible from the above figure that the year 2017 has witnessed less percentage of
growth in underlying EBITDA and EBITDA as compared to 2016; at the same time, decrease in
the net profit attributed to the members can also be seen from the above figure. It indicates
towards the failure of the executive directors to achieve the desired financial performance of the
company for 2017 (sonichealthcare.com, 2018).
Critical Analysis
Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)
According to the AASB conceptual framework, all the regulations and guidelines for the
recognition and reporting of business PPE can be seen in the standards of AASB 116 Property,
Plant and Equipment under Section 334 of the Corporations Act 2001 and all the companies
must adhere to this standard for the accounting of PPE (aasb.gov.au, 2018). The obligation on

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the companies is to determine the carrying value of PPE along with the depreciation. The
following abstract from the 2017 Annual Report of Sonic Healthcare shows the recognition and
reporting of PPE by the company:
(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
It is visible from the above that Sonic Healthcare has adhered to all the provided
guidelines of AASB conceptual framework for the accounting of PPE.
Contingent Liability
Liabilities are a major portion of the business of Sonic Healthcare and contingent liability
is one of them. Contingent liability refers to the obligation of the business entities occurred from
any past event. The entities are needed to maintain all the information about their business
contingent liabilities; and it is obligation on them to follow all the principles and guidelines of
AASB 137 Provision, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets under section 334 of the
Corporations Act 2001 (aasb.gov.au, 2018). The investors and users must be able in verifying

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the contingent liability of the businesses. The following abstract from the 2017 Annual Report of
Sonic Healthcare shows the recognition and reporting of contingent liability:
(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
Inventories
According to the principles of AASB conceptual framework, it is required for all the
business entities in Australia to adhere to the standards and principles of AASB 102 Inventories
under section 334 of the Corporations Act 2001 (aasb.gov.au, 2018). In this process, the
entities have the obligation to recognize the expenses and write downs to the net realizable value.
The following abstract from the 2017 Annual Report of Sonic Healthcare shows the recognition
and reporting of inventories:
(Source: sonichealthcare.com, 2018)
Revenue
As per the AASB conceptual framework, it is needed for the business entities of
Australian to adhere to the principles of AASB 118 Revenue under Section 334 of the
Corporations Act 2001 for the recognition and accounting of their business revenues
(aasb.gov.au, 2018). In this process, the companies are needed to take into account the revenue