Report: Standardisation of Manufacturing Drawings for ISO PACK 2000

This report focuses on the standardisation of manufacturing drawings for the ISO PACK 2000, a product of Wessington Cryogenics Limited (WCL). The study begins with an abstract and table of contents, followed by an introduction that highlights the importance of standardisation in manufacturing. The literature review explores the optimum design of the ISO PACK 2000, creation of new manufacturing drawings, implementation of generic drawings, and 3D modeling. The research methodology outlines the strategy, philosophy, approach, data collection, limitations, sampling, and ethical considerations. Data analysis is performed using thematic analysis to identify key themes. The report concludes with an evaluation of the standardisation process and provides recommendations for improvement, supported by references. The aim is to address inconsistencies in drawings and ensure that the manufacturing process is efficient and reliable.

Standardisation of
Manufacturing Drawings

ABSTRACT
Standardisation of manufacturing drawings is considered as an important factor before
the implementation of the same in actual. It is important because while manufacturing of the
drawing of the ISO PACK 2000, all the factors will be covered as well, whether it is about the
dimensional requirement or about the other required factors such as paint etc. Secondary research
has been taken place in order to analyse the actual standardisation and manufacturing of the ISO
PACK 2000 in order to make the research effective and appropriate enough. All the aspects of
research methodology have been covered as well so that the information and data can act suitable
and relevant enough for maintaining the standard and quality of the research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 1 : Introduction...................................................................................................................1
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Aim ..................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objectives :.......................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 : Literature Review..........................................................................................................4
2.1 Optimum design of the ISO PACK 2000 standard range.................................................4
2.2 Creation of new manufacturing drawings........................................................................5
2.3 Implementing generic drawings for outer jacket, internal piping and external piping....6
2.4 Analysing creating a 3D model of the vessel for potential future projects.....................7
Chapter 3 : Research Methodology..................................................................................................8
3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8
3.2 Research strategy..............................................................................................................8
3.3 Research philosophy.........................................................................................................8
3.4 Research approach............................................................................................................8
3.5 Data Collection................................................................................................................9
3.6 Research Limitations.......................................................................................................9
3.7 Sampling...........................................................................................................................9
3.8 Ethical considerations ...................................................................................................10
Chapter 4 : Data Analysis..............................................................................................................11
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................11
4.2 Thematic analysis...........................................................................................................11
Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Recommendations.............................................................................15
5.1 Conclusion and Evaluation.............................................................................................15
5.2 Recommendations..........................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

Chapter 1 : Introduction
TITLE
To assist in the development and implementation of existing and new systems and
software used by WCL.
1.1 Overview
WCL refers to Wessington Cryogenics Limited which is considered as an effective and
one of the eight leading subsidiary organisations that deal with cryogenic tank manufacturers.
Ans also they have a great reputation in terms of quality, reliability and providing customer
satisfaction (Ang, 2017). Although there are various types of different software's being used in
different organisations, some well known and common examples of software's that are being
used by WCL includes Insurance placement software, enabled test software etc. In actual, there
have been organised different software's for different departments because the requirement of
each department varies and that too at a huge extent. So, there is a requirement of involving
different software implementation for different departments. The forte of making use of
software's is to provide an efficient amount of technical support to all the members that are
working in the company. It is obvious that after involving different software's and factors of
technical support, the members and employees get a sort of relaxation factor from various hectic
schedules etc.
Different types of software's and technical support includes different areas such as audio
and video technical support, development and implementation of the database because it is very
important to manage all the data and records of the company. If the company would be having an
efficient and appropriate database, the chances for storing all the records, information and data
about the employees as well as of customers becomes efficient enough. Also, the database should
be maintained in a way that it involves all the essential features such as data hiding and access
control features. It is important as well because as WCL is a leading organisation, so there are
chances that the firm must be have competitors as well. So, for protecting the personal data and
information from any external or unauthorised access, the database should comply of all these
factors to maintain an efficient level of security and privacy. There are enormous number of
other equipments as well such as ES series dewars, PV and TPV series pressure vessels etc.
Every such equipment are of a different use to the company. As the functionality of ES series
Dewars is that it helps in storing of the liquid nitrogen. After proper storing, it also deals with the
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transportation of the same for different laboratory and industry applications (Cristescu and
Welte, 2017). In the development and implementation of software for help desk, the firm can
select and recruit the staff from a list of talented and qualified members so that they can be able
enough to manage the help desk and on chat only, must be capable enough of solving the queries
of the customers who wants to invest from the company. The technical support also involves the
network services so that it can be easy for the firm and employees to share the information and
data from the other ones but the sharing of information can only happen over the same network.
So, for that the company can ensure take properly software purchasing and licensing terms
because if they did not follow the rules and regulations, it can violate the standards of the
government.
Also, the company should ensure that proper training and development should be given to
the employees and staff members because it is obvious enough that they must not be aware of
using these softwares's and technology (Stefan and Sofilca, 2017). So, it is very essential for the
company to provide efficient amount of training and development to the employees so that it can
help in bringing out positive results to the organisation. It will also help in bringing the company
better, popularity as well as popularity. Also, it will help the company in gaining efficient
amount of satisfied customers that can prove much helpful and beneficial for the company in
achieving popularity as well as productivity. There are different types of editing also required
such as audio and video editing so for that technical support and software's are also important
because there are various features that are being used by the company that needs some sort of
editing. So, for managing those, involvement of these editing software's is required at a huge
extent. Also, they play an important role as they provide different types of themes and related
factors that can help in making the outputs more attractive. Then, the same can be represented by
the company to the customers and also, it is considered as a very attractive feature that can help
the company in gaining much amount of satisfied customers. Another very well known example
of equipments and software can be considered as PVT series vertical bulk storage tanks that are
known as one of the most suitable and relevant options for containing a huge amount of liquid
nitrogen (Miller, 2015). So, this can be considered as requirements for implementing and
developing software systems in the company that can help in producing more effective and
appropriate results.
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1.2 Aim
To analyse and resolve the issue of inconsistent information on drawings using different
products and equipments in WCL.
1.3 Objectives :
 To analyse the establishment of the optimum design for the ISO PACK 2000 standard
range.
 To determine creating new manufacturing drawings and ensuring parts lists coincide with
Bills of materials
 To implement generic drawings for outer jacket, internal piping and external piping.
 To analyse creating a 3D model of the vessel for potential future projects
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Chapter 2 : Literature Review
2.1 Optimum design of the ISO PACK 2000 standard range
The composition of ISO PACK 2000 involves inner vessel, piping, outer jacket and along
with this, there is an ISO frame as well. The manufacturing of each component differs in various
factors as it has been made so that it can fulfil the requirements of the system accordingly. In the
ISO PACK 2000, there has been placed a cylinder and the main purpose of it is that the rolling
and cutting of the inner vessel can take place. The inner vessel is also considered as a rolled
cylinder in which the ends are closed. It has been designed accordingly as well as a specific rate
of circumference is given to each internal as well as external piping as well as to the outer jacket.
There has been made divisions as well in the overall circumference and it is done in form of
different quarters. Also, on every quarter, a pop mark is marked in order to remind the fact that it
has been divided there (Coors and Mallick, 2015). Also, at the end, the whole process is being
checked along with the dimensions and thickness etc. because it is very essential that they are
meeting the basic thickness because if they are not meeting the actual required requirements, it
can cause some troubles. So, it is very important to ensure that all the dimensions are being
equally distributed so that the customer may not have to face any further complication or issue.
There are some instruments that helps in checking the diameter, dimensions and thickness. A
very common example of this can be considered as the ultrasonic thickness gauge which helps in
checking the thickness of the vessels. Also, it is very important because after all processing and
testing only, the vessel is being handed over to the customers.
As WCL is one of the leading firms that deals with manufacturing of the vessels so that
they can be used for storing cryogenic liquids. There are enormous number of products designed
for the same and almost every product is similar enough in the designing. What makes them
quite different is the fact that these vessels differ in volume and size. Also, the difference
between them can be obtained on the basis of working pressure. A very well known example of
the product that is being widely used by the WCL as well is the ISO PACK 2000. It is considered
as a portable tank container which is also known for storing cryogenic liquids. There are various
liquids that are considered cryogenic such as nitrogen, oxygen etc. Also, it has been standardised
with an ISO frame. It is being designed and structured in a way that it seems reliable enough to
be used in the gas and oil industry. It is used as a specialised vessel because in manufacturing
only, it involves variety of process and operations that makes it efficient enough (Charlebois and
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Richard, 2018). Also, after the process of manufacturing, it undergoes a proper testing phase in
which all the parts are being checked thoroughly. In the testing phase, every single part attached
to it is being checked so that it cannot cause any further issue or complication. Then it is being
filled with the cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen, argon, oxygen or nitrogen. Also, there
are various other equipments as well that are associated with the ISO PACK 2000 and it includes
high vacuum and highly insulated units. Also, there are various pressure systems that are also
considered as pressure building. It further involves various operations and processes related to
the pipe work and valve related. These are structured and are designed in a way that it can
provide maximum amount of flexibility to the person who has to operate it. The ISO PACK 2000
has some factors that make it special and efficient enough such as it has dual try cock valves, the
frame has been welded properly, the check valve has been hasting enough. Also, the availability
of shackles can be seen remaining in situ.
2.2 Creation of new manufacturing drawings
This compiles the whole procedure of manufacturing of the drawings for ISO PACK
2000. On the basis of various factors, the whole designing has been made. As, it will involve
manufacturing of new and completely modified drawings, it must be having different design as
well as compared to the previous one (Aou, Matsuda and Reuschle, 2016). The designing
procedure is classified into different stages. One of the most important point is to ensure the fact
that they all should look similar enough on the external view. Also, it has been decided to make
some modifications in the previous one because in the previous model, the piping was combined
with the vessel and the outer jacket. So, in the new one, it was decided to be separated. The
reason for separating the drawings was to ensure that each of three products can be well
demonstrated and analysed so that it can help in the actual implementation as well. After making
these drawings separately, all these seems to be generic enough. There has been some
modifications in the outer pipework design as well because now it has been prepared in a way
that it covers entire range now.
The fact which is to be ensured here is that if one wants to change even a smaller part
only, the whole diagram has to be amend and that too in a way that the other factors should stay
maintained like before and there should be no changes in that. Also, in the new and the modified
drawings, the drawings have been given new numbers of the ISO PACK 2000. Previously the
prefix for the drawings was 9950. But as per the new structure and rules, the numbers have been
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changed because there are now completely new drawings. So, now the numbers start with either
the 9070 or the 9970. The numbers have been changed to avoid any confusion or any sort of
ambiguity. There is a sort of pattern that is being analysed by the series of number. A very
common example of this can be considered as the fact that the first digital helps in providing the
size of the tank. The second digit tells the design standard of it. Also, usually, the last two digits
are common, thus they help in explaining the working pressure of the same. So, it can be
concluded that the ASME versions have been involved completely with all the factors and
essential operations compiled in it.
2.3 Implementing generic drawings for outer jacket, internal piping and external piping
Designing and implementing generic drawings for internal and external piping along with
the outer jacket was considered as an important part of the whole structure. There have been
various steps involved in the same as the design code, various types of valves that are used,
various types of strainers etc. The structure of the piping was essential as well because it has an
important role. Thus, the internal as well as the external designing is essential. In case of the
inner vessel, it is being designed in a way that it can easily comply with the outer vessel as well.
It is done because the outer cylinder is being cleaned properly and then, backing strips are being
fitted on it (Coors and Mallick, 2015). Therefore, the structure of the inner vessel is made in a
way that it can easily inserted in the outer vessel. Between both the cylinders, two cylinders are
being fixed and these can be classified as the anti rotation devices. In this scenario, the individual
on the other end can take the support and weight of the cylinder whereas the anti rotation one's
helps in preventing the rotation of the inner vessel in the outer jacket. The drawing of outer
jacket will also be done in a proper and appropriate way. It will not be combined with any other
but while designing it, one fact that is to be ensured is that it should be in a way that the inner
vessel can be fitted into it. The piping in the real model will be pre assembled, so the structure
will be in that way as well. Whether it is regarding the internal piping or the external one, the
ends of the piping should be represented in a way that it can complete the requirement of their
functionality (Hampton and Matzar, 2015). After the drawings have been made, it will be tested
accordingly and then being implemented. After the whole inspection is being done, if there are
any issues with the drawing that it seems that its implementation can prove complicated, in that
case, the whole drawing is to be made again. The same procedure repeats and after the
inspection, the implementation of the same takes place. It is important to ensure that the whole
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inspection is being done by the department of quality assurance of the Wessington Cryogenics
Limited. After checking the drawing, every single factor in the actual implementation is checked
as well. The further checking process involves checking of the welds, paint, condition etc. of the
container. After checking these essential features appropriately, then it is termed as ready enough
to get it delivers to the customer.
2.4 Analysing creating a 3D model of the vessel for potential future projects
A 3D model of the ISO PACK 2000 can be created along with involving all the essential
features that are required for the same. Although various tools and software's can be used for
creating the three dimensional model but in this case, 3D CAD package can act efficient enough.
This is a well known and developed software that is known as Solid works. It has been chosen
out of all because in this, it has been observed that it helps in designing the sketches of the ideas
in a way that they can be appropriately used further. In this software, it works as when the
drawing has been made, it analyses the whole sketch from the initial stage to the final one, thus it
is possible to create a 3D model and it is simple and easy (Charlebois and Richard, 2018). There
are various number of features available in this software. Then, it depends on the person who is
going to make use of it because in this software, one can make directly a 3D model. Also, one
can create a 2D image along with a mate component so that it can be well combined to form a
3D structure or model. So, in this, a 3D model of piping, both of the internal and external with
the inner and outer vessels has to be designed and it can easily be developed and implemented
with the help of 3D CAD package, which is one of a popular software used for designing 3D
models.
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Chapter 3 : Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
Research is considered as a systematic way of conducting the whole research by
gathering an efficient set of data and information that can help in making the research more
effective and appropriate. There are various different aspects of the research methodology and all
these are discussed as following :
3.2 Research strategy
Research strategy is considered as a step wise and proper plan that helps in providing a
proper direction to the researcher for using the information and data in a better way. It can be
further classified in two types, either qualitative or quantitative. The qualitative strategy deals
with the theoretical information and data whereas the quantitative strategy deals with the
statistical set of information. In this research, the researcher will make use of the qualitative
research because it will help in a better analysis of the issues related to inconsistent information
on drawings and its resolution by different products and equipments.
3.3 Research philosophy
Research philosophy can be considered as a sort of belief which comprises the way of
using the information and data in an appropriate way. It first helps in providing the way,
information should be gathered. Then its analysis takes place and after that, it is being used. The
research philosophy can be classified in various types such as positivism, interpritivism,
axiology, ontology and realism. In this research, the researcher will make use of positivism
because it can be considered efficient enough for evaluating in different tools and equipments
that are being used by the WCL for various different factors.
3.4 Research approach
Research approach is considered as a way that can be used by the researcher in the
research to make it more effective and appropriate. It can be further classified in two types, either
the inductive or the deductive one (Aou, Matsuda and Reuschle, 2016). The inductive approach
is associated with emerging new theories whereas the deductive approach deals with the aimed
and testing process. So, in this research, the researcher will make use of the deductive approach
because it does focuses on any new or emerging theory, rather it focuses on the aimed procedure.
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3.5 Data Collection
Data collection is considered as the gathering of data by different means. Different means
of collecting data are referred as the primary and the secondary methods. Primary data collection
is considered as a way in which the information is being gathered for the first time whereas in
secondary data gathering method, the data has been already gathered by some external body and
then the same gathered data is being used by the researcher to make it more appropriate and
efficient (Lutynski, 2015). Different sources of primary data includes focused groups,
interviews, surveys and questionnaire and various sources of secondary data includes online,
books, journals etc. In this research, the researcher will make use of the primary data because the
data from questionnaire and surveys will help in analysing the issues and prevention methods
better that are being faced regarding the inconsistent patterns in WCL.
3.6 Research Limitations
Research limitations can be considered as the factors that can prove challenging enough
at some point of the research (Heidt, Henriques and Grohmann, 2017). A very common example
of this can be considered as that if in case the researcher wants to expand the time of the research
so that they can make it more appropriate etc. But at the same time, it is equally important to
ensure that if the time for the research will be increased, some other resources will be required as
well till that time such as cost etc. Therefore, the researcher should ensure that it is better to
finish the research in a given duration only so that none of such factors can act as a challenge or
barrier in the research.
3.7 Sampling
Sampling is considered as a process in which a few samples are being taken from a large
amount of population. There are various types in which sampling can be classified and some of
them involve simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling, cluster sampling, multi stage
sampling etc. In case of simple random sampling, random samples are being taken from some
population and then on the basis of that, data is collected (Hampton and Matzar, 2015). Stratified
sampling is when the un grouped people are being order in a homogeneous way so that it can be
easy for gathering the information and data. In cluster sampling, the samples are composed in
form of different clusters and data can be obtained from the same. In this research, the researcher
will make use of the simple random sampling because a few random samples will help in
providing the required data at a more faster rate, thus save a huge amount of time as well. The
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