Measurement Statistics and Appraisal: Task 1 and Task 2 Analysis

This assignment delves into the core concepts of measurement, statistics, and appraisal. It begins by defining and differentiating between independent, dependent, and extraneous variables, providing illustrative examples to clarify their roles in research. The assignment also explores methods for controlling extraneous variables, including randomization, matching, and the use of experimental design. Furthermore, it discusses the concept of levels of evidence, emphasizing the importance of methodology, design, and validity in evaluating research findings. The document outlines the hierarchical order of evidence and provides examples of how it is applied. The assignment concludes with a list of relevant references.

Running head: MEASUREMENT STATISTICS AND APPRAISAL
Measurement, Statistics and Appraisal
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1MEASUREMENT STATISTICS AND APPRAISAL
Table of Contents
Answer to the task 1...................................................................................................................2
Answer to the task 2...................................................................................................................2
References..................................................................................................................................2

2MEASUREMENT STATISTICS AND APPRAISAL
Answer to the task 1
The independent variable is a variable which is control in a scientific manner. This
variable is not depend in any variable. On the other hand the dependent variable is a variable,
which is depends upon the independent variable. Similarly the extraneous variable is one kind
of variable which is not very much apply in an experiment or test. The extraneous variable
influence the outcome of a test or an experiment.
For example when a researcher wants to visualise the process of fertilizer, which
helps to plants grow fastest. In this case different type of fertilizer has been applied to each
plant. The type of fertilizer is the independent variable and the height of plant is the
dependent variable. Similarly the example of extraneous variable is that if a researcher
research on the number student increase or decrease by online learning and understanding of
statistics. In case there are two groups of data has been seen. One is online knowledge base
study and the other is text book. In this case the extraneous has been included the prior
knowledge. The researcher have to make group A matched with group B before study with
the prior knowledge. The second extraneous variable is socio economic income, temperature
of the room where it is tested (Lu& Bol, 2015)
There are four ways that the researcher control the extraneous variable. These are
randomization, matching, use of experimental design and the statistical control.
Randomization: This is a way to control the extraneous variable, where the treatment has
been allocated randomly in the group of experiment. This is a way where all the groups of the
extraneous element are equally present. More over this process or technique is applicable
only in the case of large sample size (Peterson, Homer & Wonderlich, 2013).
Matching: Another way of control the extraneous variable is matching. It is a process, which
control the confounding variable. The confounding variables are age, gender and income. In

3MEASUREMENT STATISTICS AND APPRAISAL
most of the time it is difficult to extend the matching among all the groups. Moreover in some
of the cases it is matched but it is irrelevant on the dependent variable.
Answer to the task 2
The level of evidence is a study which is depends upon the quality of the
methodology, design, validity and the applicability. It is divided in to different levels or
groups. In general, the level evidence and proof is similar. But in technically both are
different. The term evidence is more powerful or attractive. The level of evidence can also be
applied in the purpose of specification of hierarchical order and it is depends upon the
internal validity of the research design (Wasserman et al., 2015).
For example the evidence pyramid, which is visualise the strength of research design
and also this pyramid divided in to the different sections. The different sections are
systematic review, meta-analysis, cohort studies and case report and so on.

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References
Kallet, R. H. (2014). How to write the methods section of a research paper. Respiratory care,
49(10), 1229-1232.
Lu, R., & Bol, L. (2015). A comparison of anonymous versus identifiable e-peer review on
college student writing performance and the extent of critical feedback. Journal of
Interactive Online Learning, 6(2).
Peterson, L., Homer, A. L., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2013). The integrity of independent
variables in behavior analysis. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 15(4), 477-492.
Wasserman, J. M., Wynn, R., Bash, T. S., & Rosenfeld, R. M. (2015). Levels of evidence in
otolaryngology journals. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 134(5), 717-723.