University Statistics Assignment: Population and Sampling

This statistics assignment explores fundamental concepts in statistical analysis, focusing on defining a target population, selecting appropriate sampling methods, and designing a questionnaire. The assignment begins by defining the target population, emphasizing the importance of clearly identifying the group of interest for a study. It then discusses the rationale for using a sample of the population, highlighting the benefits of time and cost efficiency. The assignment further details the application of simple random sampling, providing a step-by-step guide for its implementation, including preparing a sampling frame, random selection procedures, and data collection methods using a questionnaire. The questionnaire, designed to gauge residents' views on provincial and federal environmental policies, is presented, including questions about policy clarity, government cooperation, conflicts in environmental management, and the effectiveness of environmental conservation efforts. The assignment concludes by emphasizing the importance of anonymity and voluntary participation in the survey, along with a list of relevant references supporting the statistical concepts and environmental policy context.

Running head: BASICS OF STATISTICS 1
BASICS OF STATISTICS
Student’s Name
University
Date

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Who or what would be the precise target population? Why a sample of the population?
A precise target population is a complete set of elements that possess some common
characteristics defined by the sampling technique or criteria established by a researcher. It
includes objects or persons to be studied in a given case (Patten, 2016). For example, in case one
business student forms a precise population for the survey on the major in real estate. In case
two, staff members and college forms the population target. In case three, residents from the
community worthwhile for sampling. From this, the researcher determines the number and
criteria to conduct this survey.
Samples are reliable this is so because experiments can be done on a sample basis to verify
findings. Sample data can be used to check data accuracy if all the units of a population are
collected the received information may be correct (Oriani, 2016). Unlike complete counts,
sampling saves time and cost of a survey process since a study is limited to a small geographical
location and on a specified population number.
Selecting a representative population for a large population is effective as it saves time and the
resources required for the process. it works best for population that is difficult to access. For
example, people in prisons, like crushed planes in a deep sea, presidents, etc are not accessible
due to economical or time related factors.
Case three: focus on the environment at home
On case three. The appropriate sampling method for gathering data could be Simple random
sampling. From its definition, it entails samples with equal probability of being selected. It also
requires a reach out of the total scope of the population. Simply, the population to be tested
should be sufficiently small, temporally and spatially for efficiency and efficient sampling. The

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data to be sampled, Provincial and federal policies, is insignificantly prone to change since the
modification may involve many legal procedures and may even call for a meeting with the city
leaders (Guerrero, Maas & Hogland, 2013). The intervals and randomness on Provincial and
federal policies can be readily determined.
Step by Step details on how to implement Simple Random Sampling.
1. Objectively prepare an exhaustive list (sampling frame) of all members of the population
interest from which samples are drawn. From the sample frame, a repetitive process of
selecting recurs o every selection round.
2. I will randomly select individuals or members of the sample from the list prepared or the
sample.
3. I will use a particular scientific procedure to ensure that the selection is purely by chance.
For example, hat-and –head method or random number table. Random number table is
preferred in this case.
4. Coming up with an effective and efficient method or gathering information is the next
step. In involve understanding the resources required for the collection process. An
efficient and effective way, in this case, preparing a questionnaire.
5. Going to the field to distribute and filling in the questionnaire will follow.
6. Analyzing the collected data to draw finding and creating a meaningful report will be the
last step in the sampling process.

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A questionnaire to determine residents’ views of provincial and federal policies on the
environment.
The purpose of this study is to know the residents see on provincial and federal policies about
environmental protection. The study is being conducted in the neighborhood of this city. The
questionnaire asks about your view on environmental conservation and management policies.
Consider how residents manage their surroundings about provincial and federal policies.
Consider how they manage their waste, is it effective? Think also of the effect of changes in the
ecosystem that may occur due to mismanagement and environmental degradation(Buenrostro et
al., 2014). Think also of the importance of the constitution and the relevant features of the
parliamentary model of the government in the federal system (Ferreira & Marques, 2015).
Do not write your name, contact or house number on this questionnaire. Your response will be
anonymous and will never be linked to your personality (Aitken et al., 2015). Your participation
is entirely voluntary. Skip any part item or question you feel like no answering. Your
cooperation is highly appreciated. Thank you. Check once in the checkboxes.
1. Are the provincial and federal policy clear to residence (answer from your own
experience if you have read the policies)?
A. Strongly agree
B. Agree
C. Partially
D. I agree

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2. Should there be a co-operative model of negotiation between the government regulators
and the polluting parties where contracts exist between polluters and the government?
1 2 3 4 5
3. Are there conflicts among levels of the government and inactions in environmental
management and conservation? If yes cite at least one example.
4. Is memorandum of understanding between government and the private sectors achieving
the desired environmental conservation goals?
5. What is your view on imposing specific standards on environmental matters?

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References:
Aitken, M., Martinussen, R., Wolfe, R. G., & Tannock, R. (2015). Factor structure of the
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a Canadian elementary school sample.
Assessment for effective intervention, 40(3), 155-165.
Buenrostro, O., Márquez, L., & Ojeda, S. (2014). ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF PÁTZCUARO
REGION, MEXICO. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ),
13(12).
Ferreira, S., & Marques, R. C. (2015). Contingent valuation method applied to waste
management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 99, 111-117.
Guerrero, L. A., Maas, G., & Hogland, W. (2013). Solid waste management challenges for cities
in developing countries. Waste management, 33(1), 220-232.
Oriani, F., Straubhaar, J., Renard, P., & Mariethoz, G. (2014). Simulation of rainfall time series
from different climatic regions using the direct sampling technique. Hydrology and Earth
System Sciences, 18(8), 3015-3031.
Patten, M. L. (2016). Questionnaire research: A practical guide. Routledge.