Report 4: Infrastructure and Security - Storage Media and RAM Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of storage media and RAM within the context of infrastructure and security. It explores various types of RAM, including SDRAM, DDR, and RDRAM, and discusses their features and speeds. The report also examines the impact of scaling on memory design and network architecture. Furthermore, it covers backup and recovery mechanisms, highlighting the differences between volatile and non-volatile memory, and the roles of DRAM and SRAM. The document references several research papers and books to support the analysis, offering a comprehensive overview of the subject.

Infrastructure and Security

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report 4 :Storage.............................................................................................................................1
Media and RAM.........................................................................................................................1
Media and Network architecture...............................................................................................1
Backup and Recovery................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

Report 4 :Storage
Media and RAM
Storage, often termed as the random access memory (RAM) is considered as a type of
data storage that is being used in the systems and processes. A special feature of random access
memory is that it can be accessed very easily. Without even having any access to the preceding
bytes, one can have access to the memory (Alam, Tehranipoor and Guin, 2017). It is widely
used in systems, servers, smartphones etc. RAM also comes in a wide variety. Whether it is the
cheap or the slowest, fastest etc., there are various categories of the same. The fastest version of
the storage is the DDR4. Although DDR5 has been announced as well but it has still not
implemented. Some other RAM that are considered as efficient enough includes PNY Anarchy
16 GB, Corsair Vengeance Pro DDR3 2400MHz 16GB. These are one of the fastest storage and
memory access.
Media and Network architecture
Scaling has also affected the designing of the memory. As there are various different
types of memories and storage devices present and every single memory have their own
specialised features. Actually the RAM is considered as the dynamic random access memory and
the primary memory. Although the DRAM is cheap but is slow as well. For avoiding the effects
of being slow, some static RAM is being built on the chip (Elmore and Fearey, 2015). This is
then termed as level 1 cache. It is a part of random access memory only but it is being used for
speeding up the memory. In actually, there are level 1, level 2 and level 3 cache memories in a
system. These all are found on the processor chip of the specific system.
There are various types of RAM and each of them are discussed as following :
SDRAM
Synchronous dynamic random access memory that cannot be considered as an extension
for the EDO DRAM. The speed of the SDRAM is observed to be 66 MHz. With the help of
scalability, the overall frequency of the SDRAM can be estimated up to 133 MHz. Also, in some
cases of higher frequencies, it can also lead up to 180 MHz. This is considered as a beneficial
factor because in this, the processor gets even more faster. Also, various new and modified
versions of the memory have been included as well.
DDR
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DDR refers to the double data rate SDRAM. It helps in increasing the overall rate of data
transfer to two times more of the actual one. Although this type of memory is considered as quite
incompatible but is being widely used in various operations and services. Even it acts quite
compatible with some types, but on the other hand, it acts very incompatible with the SDRAM.
RDRAM
RDRAM refers to the Rambus dynamic random access memory. It is being considered as
a specialised factor that the companies can make use of in the consumer market. It is also
classified as a serial memory technology. The whole designing of RDRAM is quite different
because multiple number of channels have been included in the same so that the whole
transmission of the data can be done in an effective and appropriate manner.
Memory speed
The initial speed of the SDRAM is being evaluated as 66 MHz. It is observed that when
there seems an increase in the speed of the memory bus, the overall speed gets a sort of
maximization and it gets high up to 100 MHz.
Backup and Recovery
The random access memory is being considered in the form of integrated circuits. There
are various volatile types and a common example of this can be considered as the DRAM
modules. There are various memories available, out of which are some volatile and some are non
volatile. There is a opposite factor of RAM which is considered as SAM. SAM is termed as the
serial access memory. A variety of information cells are being stored in the same. The actual
storage is being done on a memory chip. The memory chip is also considered as an integrated
circuit. The capacitor holds the whole data and information (Biringer, Vugrin and Warren,
2016.). There are two types of random access memory that are widely being used and these
involve static dynamic access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
The capacitor holds the charge and it can be high as well as low. A high charge is considered as
1 and a low charge is considered as a 0. Also, there is a switch as well and usually the transistor
has to play the role of a switch. Both types of random access memory are considered as volatile.
The memory is also structured and is divided into various number of elements. The memory cell
is considered as the fundamental block of the memory. The speed of the RAM when starts
increasing to a huge extent and is because of the forward movement, then it can be referred to as
the recovery speed of the ram.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alam, M., Tehranipoor, M.M. and Guin, U., 2017. TSensors Vision, Infrastructure and Security
Challenges in Trillion Sensor Era. Journal of Hardware and Systems Security, 1(4),
pp.311-327.
Amin, S.M., 2015. Power and Energy Infrastructure: Cyber Security, Defense, and
Resilience. Geo. J. Int'l Aff., 16, p.70.
Biringer, B., Vugrin, E. and Warren, D., 2016. Critical infrastructure system security and
resiliency. CRC press.
Chang, K.C., Chang, T.C., Tsai, T.M., Zhang, R., Hung, Y.C., Syu, Y.E., Chang, Y.F., Chen,
M.C., Chu, T.J., Chen, H.L. and Pan, C.H., 2015. Physical and chemical mechanisms in
oxide-based resistance random access memory. Nanoscale research letters, 10(1), p.120.
Chen, A., 2015. Utilizing the variability of resistive random access memory to implement
reconfigurable physical unclonable functions. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 36(2),
pp.138-140.
Elmore, R. and Fearey, B., 2015, January. Examination of the United States Nuclear Industry
Approach to Critical Infrastructure Protection: Applicability to Improved Industry-Wide
Network Cyber Security. In Iccws 2015-The Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security: ICCWS2015 (p. 86). Academic Conferences
Limited.
Elmore, R. and Fearey, B., 2015, January. Examination of the United States Nuclear Industry
Approach to Critical Infrastructure Protection: Applicability to Improved Industry-Wide
Network Cyber Security. In Iccws 2015-The Proceedings of the 10th International
Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security: ICCWS2015 (p. 86). Academic Conferences
Limited.
Huy, H. and Ahn, G.J., 2015. Virtualizing and Utilizing Network Security Functions for Securing
Software Defined Infrastructure. In Looking Beyond the Internet Workshops.
Redlich, R.M. and Nemzow, M.A., Digital Doors Inc, 2017. Digital information infrastructure
and method for security designated data and with granular data stores. U.S. Patent
9,734,169.
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