Report: Analysis and Critique of Zahra's Article on Entrepreneurship

This report critically analyzes Shaker A. Zahra's article, "International Entrepreneurship in The Post-Covid World," examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global entrepreneurship. The report explores the article's purpose, which is to assess how the pandemic has reshaped the global economy and influenced international new ventures (INVs). It details the new ideologies presented, emphasizing the disruptions to supply chains, industries, and global networks, and discusses the research methodology, including data collection methods and sampling design. The report identifies the article's strengths, such as its insightful topic and knowledge gained, and its weaknesses, including issues with data relevance and complexity. Ultimately, the report concludes that the pandemic has created both challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurs, reshaping the global market landscape and spurring innovation.

STRATEGIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION
(Critiquing A Published Paper)
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
The Purpose of The Article........................................................................................................3
The New Ideologies Published In The Article And Their Importance......................................4
The Research Methodology.......................................................................................................5
Data Collection:......................................................................................................................5
Sampling Design:...................................................................................................................5
The Basic Observations Or Findings.........................................................................................5
The Strengths And Weaknesses.................................................................................................6
The Strengths:.........................................................................................................................6
Interesting Topic Of Article:...............................................................................................6
Gaining More Knowledge:.................................................................................................6
Answered My Question:.....................................................................................................6
The Weaknesses:....................................................................................................................7
The Sample Data Is Not That Relevant:.............................................................................7
Certain Findings Are Too Complicated:.............................................................................7
Not Satisfied With The Results:.........................................................................................7
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................8

Introduction
In the opening paragraph of Shaker A. Zahra's article, "International Entrepreneurship
in The Post-Covid World," the author describes how the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has
been a profoundly devastating global pandemic that has spread widely and quickly with
terrible effects on economies, businesses, and peoples. This essay will go into more detail on
the present Covid-19 scenario and how it will affect our businesses and entrepreneurship
globally. I'd want to define entrepreneurship before going into more detail. Economic growth
and innovation are significantly influenced by entrepreneurship (Hughes, Hughes, Morgan,
Hodgkinson, and Lee, 2021). Explain how the Covid situation has affected the global
economy and business climate in the present opinion of the Covid-19. Additionally, Covid
results in the loss of employment for half of the global labour force.
How will business owners fare in the face of the pandemic? Although there are
plausible justifications for these inquiries, none is aware of the solution. It is now obvious
that Covid has developed into a seriously harmful global epidemic that has spread globally
and massively, with disastrous ramifications for markets, industries, and people. There are
many predictions about what will happen as a result, but one thing that appears certain is that
it will not stop soon, and even if it does, its catastrophic legacy will last for years (Sharma,
Kraus, Liguori, Bamel and Chopra, 2022). Our way of life, the viewpoints of our
governments, and our relationships with others have all been impacted by Covid. It even had
an impact on our health. The Corona Virus is currently getting worse and will have an
influence on the entire planet, as we can forecast.
The Purpose of The Article
International Entrepreneurship in the Post-Covid World is the title of the article that
has been selected, written by Shaker. A. Zahra (2020). The goal of this essay is to examine
how the Covid scenario has affected the world of entrepreneurship, how the Covid 19's
fundamental changes have been incorporated into the global economy, and how these
changes are likely to impact worldwide new businesses (Cristo-Andrade and Ferreira, 2020).
The analysis of how entrepreneurs are actively involved in their businesses in the context of
Covid 19 is therefore intended, along with a focus on how Covid is having an impact on both
entrepreneurship and the global economy.
The article focuses on the key adjustments Covid has made to the global economy and
how it has an effect on new international business operations (INVs). Whether corporately
sponsored or independently owned, the author argues that some INVs pursue profit-making

while others engage in social missions, and that some INVs have mixed initiatives that put a
priority on both making money and having a social impact (Caiazza, Phan, Lehmann and
Etzkowitz, 2021). She explained that INVs operate and emerge from both developed and
developing economies, finding opportunities across international borders. She adds that the
paper would also list many study fields and pertinent subjects that merit investigation. In the
post-Covid era, the piece illustrates the value of global enterprise. The influence of Covid-19
on businesses, the difficulties businesses confront, and the opportunity businesses have in the
post-Covid world are the main ideas and theories covered in the article.
The New Ideologies Published In The Article And Their Importance
According to the article, the new concepts or knowledge that the author had
highlighted is essentially a way of thinking about the state of the world economy and how
international corporations are affected. Clearly, Covid has already made substantial
advancements that will have a significant impact on these businesses in the next years. As a
result, the author also touched on the significance of the Covid-related shifts and how they
have affected long-standing structures, multinational supply chains, traditional industries, and
networks, as well as how information, technological resources, innovations, and people are
being eroded across international borders (Mazzei, 2018). This might be particularly
concerning, the author noted. All of these measures will make it more difficult for
international corporations to conduct business, but because they are connected, their
aggregate impact is more harmful.
The main reason why it's important to share these concepts is to gauge how Covid
will affect entrepreneurs and how the global business climate will evolve. The majority of
Covid's campaign has gained international traction at a time of significant political
unpredictability, further highlighting the limitations of foreign organisations as nations have
shut their doors and engaged in conflict over who will pay for the medical supplies needed to
care for their citizens. The relevance, stability, compatibility, and efficacy of international
institutions have all been questioned in light of this competition.
According to the author's remarks, since the Covid issue began, appeals for "in
shoring" have been louder and more frequent as some nations have been unable to obtain the
medical supplies and drugs they required to treat their people. They were also subject to
travel restrictions, both domestically and abroad, and some of them were unable to visit
family members throughout the pandemic (Minai, Raza and Segaf, 2021). However, this
study also argued that Covid harm international institutions, shifting ideologies, and altering

patterns of global operations have also disrupted global business networks, which are widely
regarded as crucial to innovation, learning, access to resources, global expansion, and
opportunity recognition. In addition, several sectors have grown since Covid, according to the
author. Among many others, examples include manufacturing of sanitary products,
manufacturing of enterprise technology services, home entertainment, artificial intelligence,
robotics, tele-medicine, hospitals, medical equipment suppliers, e-commerce retailers, e-
learning providers, courier pick-up and delivery services, and many more.
The Research Methodology
Data Collection:
We would be able to re-evaluate our long-held assumptions about the IB market
climate, our internalisation hypothesis, and the tendencies of foreign entrepreneurship by
talking about and analysing the challenges just stated (and those to emerge). Additionally,
crucial, it will allow us to investigate newer analytical strategies to address the broader range
of concerns that are being posed to us (Etemad, 2021). Fortunately, several academics have
already pointed out the significance of such methods. The internalisation of dynamic
structures and simulation are two examples.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) has presented its vision for a Great Reset of the
global economy. In order to create a more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable future, the
WEF's Great Reset programme asks for a fundamental rethinking of the global economy.
Sampling Design:
Analysis of a multinational entrepreneur has undergone methodological advancement
in recent years. There are many opportunities for creative and thorough studies in the topic as
a result of the development of Covid and the contemporary environment it has produced. The
launch of Covid is a crucial event that makes it possible to use event studies to look into
things like the survival of International New Ventures (Alayoubi, Al Shobaki and Abu-Naser,
2020). Additionally, it emphasises the significance of researching the relative influence of
these elements on the competitive decisions made by foreign new projects, as well as their
financial and non-financial ramifications. Future research could potentially make use of
multilevel designs. Researchers studying the global entrepreneur should employ modelling
more often in addition to field and lab trials. It is clear that scholars studying the global
entrepreneur must pose new queries that will most likely allow them to employ a wider range

of theoretical and quantitative methodologies in their investigations while preserving
objectivity and relevance.
The Basic Observations Or Findings
It is important to keep track of how social networks have impacted these various
organisations. This essentially pave the way for a wider application of social network analysis
in next studies of multinational entrepreneurs. Despite how extensive the historical records
are, the most recent Covid crises cannot be thoroughly documented. Personal assessment,
interviews, case studies, ethnography, and record analysis can all be beneficial in the quest
for a deeper comprehension of interpersonal interactions and the causal mechanisms at work.
They can also encourage the usage of mixed method formats (Zahra, 2021). Likewise, chaos
models and related ideas may be useful in developing scholarship in the unstable world we
currently live in. Additionally, modelling can be used more effectively by Global
Entrepreneur researchers in addition to field and lab tests.
Entrepreneurship can be beneficial in the post-Covid world for a variety of reasons.
First of all, entrepreneurship can create fresh chances for development and employment.
Second, entrepreneurship can spur innovation and support the development of new markets
and sectors. Thirdly, entrepreneurship can aid in creating economies that are more robust.
The Strengths And Weaknesses
The Strengths:
Interesting Topic Of Article:
Sharing this article's information with others, such as family, friends, and co-workers,
is highly recommended. It would be more intriguing if this study were to be discussed as a
pandemic-related topic so that we could at least learn how the current Covid scenario affects
the world economy. It also explains the effect and growth of multinational internet
entrepreneurs.
Gaining More Knowledge:
Because the paper is well written, organised, and understandable, I am able to learn
more as a reviewer by reading this piece. As a result, just reading this post has greatly
increased my knowledge about entrepreneurship (Westgren and Wuebker, 2019). In addition,
many entrepreneurs are forced to become digital during this epidemic so they may continue
to generate some cash and serve as a source for their own nation.

Answered My Question:
Personally, this post has provided me with the solution to a question I've had for a
very long time about how challenging it can be to be an entrepreneur. This is due of the
possibility that you may need to consider how to continue operating your firm in the face of
the pandemic. However, this post has answered my doubts and informed me about a global
entrepreneur who has seen success thanks to an internet platform (Chatzinikolaou, Demertzis,
and Vlados, 2021). Additionally, this explains how the current circumstances affect the world
economy.
The Weaknesses:
The Sample Data Is Not That Relevant:
I learned from this article that the authors omitted other information on growth
statistics on the Covid and internet platforms during these pandemic situations.
Certain Findings Are Too Complicated:
Some of the conclusions are difficult for me to understand because I am not very
adept at reading the author's perspective, and I often find it frustrating when I am unable to
make sense of a particular chart on my own.
Not Satisfied With The Results:
Although the article is easy to read and I found it to be intriguing, I am not entirely
satisfied with the study's findings because they are difficult for me to understand.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this paper tried to determine how the Covid pandemic crisis affected
the overall state of the world economy. It is clear that a new, powerful wave of creative
disruption is anticipated, which will drastically alter the global market landscape and give
energy to a new generation of international new ventures looking for chances in the chaos
that Covid has caused. We anticipate that the financial markets will continue to be
unpredictable because the virus' spread is expected to continue to have an impact on the
manufacturing and service sectors of the economy, particularly in developed nations (Sadiq,
Nonthapot, Mohamad, Keong, Ehsanullah and Iqbal, 2021). The long-term or, to a
considerable extent, immediate financial and economic effects of this developing recession

are also being discussed. Whatever the case, it is obvious that contagious diseases like
COVID-19 have the potential to have a large negative economic and financial impact on
local, national, and international economies. According to this post, we may still preserve our
economies through an entrepreneur's forum to continuously assist the local, national, and
international economies. The Covid-19 outbreak has revealed that the world is dealing with
hitherto unheard-of difficulties. We need to encourage and support entrepreneurship if we
want to create a future that is more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable.

References
Alayoubi, M.M., Al Shobaki, M.J. and Abu-Naser, S.S., 2020. Requirements for Applying
the Strategic Entrepreneurship as an Entry Point to Enhance Technical Innovation:
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Caiazza, R., Phan, P., Lehmann, E. and Etzkowitz, H., 2021. An absorptive capacity-based
system view of Covid-19 in the small business economy. International
Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(3), pp.1419-1439.
Chatzinikolaou, D., Demertzis, M. and Vlados, C., 2021. European entrepreneurship
reinforcement policies in macro, meso, and micro terms for the post-COVID-19
era. Rev. Eur. Stud., 13, p.39.
Cristo-Andrade, S. and Ferreira, J.J., 2020. Knowledge spillovers and strategic
entrepreneurship: what researches and approaches? International Entrepreneurship
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Etemad, H., 2021. The evolutionary trends of international entrepreneurship in the past two
decades: The state of the field in the face of COVID-19’s global crisis. Journal of
International Entrepreneurship, 19(2), pp.149-163.
Hughes, M., Hughes, P., Morgan, R.E., Hodgkinson, I.R. and Lee, Y., 2021. Strategic
entrepreneurship behaviour and the innovation ambidexterity of young technology-
based firms in incubators. International Small Business Journal, 39(3), pp.202-227.
Mazzei, M.J., 2018. Strategic entrepreneurship: Content, process, context, and
outcomes. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(3), pp.657-
670.
Minai, M.S., Raza, S. and Segaf, S., 2021. Post COVID-19: Strategic digital entrepreneurship
in Malaysia. In Modeling economic growth in contemporary Malaysia (pp. 71-79).
Emerald Publishing Limited.
Sadiq, M., Nonthapot, S., Mohamad, S., Keong, O.C., Ehsanullah, S. and Iqbal, N., 2021.
Does green finance matter for sustainable entrepreneurship and environmental
corporate social responsibility during COVID-19?. China Finance Review
International.
Sharma, G.D., Kraus, S., Liguori, E., Bamel, U.K. and Chopra, R., 2022. Entrepreneurial
challenges of COVID-19: Re-thinking entrepreneurship after the crisis. Journal of
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Zahra, S.A., 2021. International entrepreneurship in the post Covid world. Journal of World
Business, 56(1), p.101143.