Applied Business Research Project: Social Housing in NZ Strategy

This research project, titled "Strategic management of social housing in the non-profit sector in New Zealand," investigates the challenges and potential benefits of strategic management within the social housing sector of New Zealand. The project aims to identify effective strategic management policies, analyze the challenges faced in implementing social housing strategies, and explore the impact of housing policies. The research employs a multi-view approach to analyze the broader issues of affordability, demographic factors, and the rising costs of housing in New Zealand. The project includes a literature review that covers topic background, housing and social policy, the theory of multi-view approach, overall policy framework, and the impact of housing policy, along with a discussion of research methodology, limitations, risks, ethical considerations, and a timeline. The project also explores the historical context of housing in New Zealand and examines various strategies such as the Accommodation Supplement and the reintroduction of income-related rents. Moreover, the research analyzes the current state of social housing stock, challenges, and explores the need for a reevaluation of funding and delivery of social housing solutions. The project also examines different models of social housing development and their implications for New Zealand.

MAPM9.100 Applied Business Research Project
MASTER OF APPLIED MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Dharani Karishma Amir Ali
Strategic management of social housing in the non-profit sector New Zealand
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Executive Summary
The economic and social changes of the 1990s presented noteworthy changes to
housing strategy. These changes flagged the finish of the Family Benefit
Capitalisation Plan and sponsored loan fees, which had added to the quick
development of home possession all through the past three decades. People needed
social housing prompted the rating up of budgetary markets, making capital more
available; the expulsion of sponsorships to nearby government for retired person
housing; the presentation of market rents for state housing occupants and the
presentation of the Accommodation Supplement as the essential type of government
housing help. Thus, it is important to develop a multi-view approach that will be
helpful to inform strategic management of social housing in non-profit sector New
Zealand in this research.

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Table of Contents
MAPM9.100 Applied Business Research Project ......................................1
1. Aims/objectives...................................................................................................8
2. Research question................................................................................................9
3. Introduction/background/rationale....................................................................10
4. Literature review...............................................................................................10
4.1 Topic background......................................................................................10
4.2 Housing and social policy..........................................................................12
4.3 Theory of Multi-view approach.................................................................14
4.4 Overall policy framework..................................................................................15
4.5 Impact of housing policy...................................................................................20
5. Research methodology......................................................................................22
6. Limitations........................................................................................................24
7. Risks and Contingencies...................................................................................25
8. Ethical Considerations......................................................................................26
9. Timeline............................................................................................................27
10. References.....................................................................................................28
11. Bibliography.......................................................................................................30
Appendices...............................................................................................................32

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1. Aims/objectives
In this research project the strategic management of social housing sector in
New Zealand will be investigated. Both positive and negative aspects of this
topic will be evaluated critically in order to identify the challenges and
potential benefits. In addition, in this research the factors and challenges
faced while implementing a strategy for social housing in New Zealand will
be investigated.
The objectives of the research can be described as follows:
 To identify the strategic management policy that can be developed for the
social housing sector in New Zealand
 To find out the challenges that may be faced for the social housing sector in
New Zealand.

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2. Research question
The research will focus on investigating development of a strategy that will take a
multi-view approach for social housing in the non-profit sector for housing in New
Zealand. In order to cover the research objectives, it is important to obtain appropriate
answers to the following questions in the research.
Research question 1:
What are the Strategic Management issues for the social Housing sector in NZ?
Research question 1a: How can strategic management policy be developed for
social housing sector in New Zealand?
Research question 1b: What are the challenges that might be faced for the social
housing sector in NZ?

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3. Introduction/background/rationale
Housing is one of the key areas by which social as well as economic well-being of
people can be influenced. Successful housing results are considered vital to the
communityi. Social housing strategy is required for providing a clear focus for
involvement in the specific area as well as appreciation in the essential services along
with priorities, which can be anticipatedii. In this perspective, social housing strategy
of New Zealand Housing can be defined as follows.
Non-profit housing programs are supported and delivered by local as well as central
government in order to assist low and modest income households as well as other
disadvantaged groups accessing proper, suitable, secure as well as affordable housing.
However, the challenge in this perspective is the impact of the wider issue of
affordability. As the cost of houses is rising faster compared to household incomes,
there has been a declining affordability of housingiii. On the other hand, demographic
as well as social housing factors are expected to result in demand for social housing
exceeding its availability. Thus, in this research, the strategy for social housing would
be helpful for the associated organizations to adopt and gain advantagesiv. However,
high range of housing makes tough for low-income individuals as well as families to
find suitable accommodation needsv. Thus, it is important to develop research that
will analyse all factors for social housing strategy in New Zealand. On the other hand,
as the research will be based on a multi-view approach, it is important to analyse the
approach that proceeds to a whole-system analysis as well as design to evaluate
possible solutions to inform the situation.
4. Literature review
4.1 Topic background
New Zealand's past housing landscape has been changed. Political as well as social
events such as Polynesian and colonial settlement, the New Zealand wars, the Great
Depression, the world wars as well as the subsequent baby boom and the urban float
and transient floods of the 1960s have all affected housing strategiesvi. Government
housing activities of the previous 150 years have included town settlement plans.

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Furthermore, in 1986 the Residential Tenancies Act was passed, setting out the rights
and commitments of proprietors and occupants and giving exhortation. This included
reintroducing wage-related rents for state housing occupants and supporting critical
development in the volume of state housing stockvii. Different projects that have been
started included endeavours to enhance housing quality through the audit of the
Building Act 1991; the rustic housing and solid housing programs; interest in the
development of option social housing arrangement by neighbourhood government and
group gatherings; reconstructing housing research limit and starting a pilot contract
protection program to help access to home proprietorship for low income based
familiesviii. Thus, it is important to research on analysing social housing strategy for
non-profit sector in New Zealand. The Accommodation Supplement was expected to
increase choice, as it was available across all sectors and for both rental and
ownership. Its advocates thought it would reduce the marginalisation of State
beneficiaries, as it gave them greater choice, as they were no longer locked into State
housingix. Thus, it is important to develop strategy for the case.
House costs in New Zealand have risen forcefully finished the most recent decade,
expanding the weight on the arrangement of settlement for those people and families
outside the private land and property rental market. Social lodging stock is at present
commanded by Housing New Zealand's $15 billion portfolio which is under critical
weight. Around $1.7 billion is required to keep up and redesign state-claimed
properties alone. In addition, somewhere in the range of 2500 people and families are
in prompt need of housingx. Accordingly the New Zealand Government has made it a
need to revaluate the way New Zealand funds and conveys social lodging solutions. In
May 2011, the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development (NZCID) and
the Australian Trade Commission drove an appointment of around 30 open and
private division social and group lodging industry agents to Australia. The reason for
the visit was to research elective techniques for conveying non-private lodging stock
which may be appropriate to New Zealand. The designation took a gander at three
distinctive lodging ventures right now being worked on in Sydney and Melbourne,
each of which was attempted utilizing an alternate obtainment display.
One anticipate, in progress in Carlton, Melbourne, includes the redevelopment of 192
open lodging units. It is driven by a designer who, under contract from the Victorian
State government, won an aggressive offer procedure to supplant existing open
lodging stock with new units and convey co-found private properties available to be

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purchased to private buyers. A moment demonstrate, in progress in Kensington,
Melbourne, additionally incorporates the redevelopment of open property with
development of an extensive number of co-found private lofts. Its main purpose of
contrast to the Carlton display is that a not-revenue driven group lodging association
gives on-going property and tenure administration administrations. The third model is
being connected in Bonnyrigg, Sydney. This venture, the biggest and most radical of
the three, is an open private association (PPP) between the New South Wales State
government and a private consortiumxi. It is a long haul understanding for the
consortium to configuration, manufacture, back and, where appropriate, work and
keep up 81 hectare lodging improvement including social and private lodging. The
designation both went by and was informed on the three models. This gave the
gathering a chance to watch each of the activities in its present state and also
comprehend and evaluate the procedures behind the venturesxii. On the premise of the
site visits and the foundation briefings, the assignment was made a request to give
criticism to ZCID on their individual conclusion and evaluation of the achievement of
the three models. In view of the total of this input, NZCID distinguished the
accompanying key discoveries.
4.2 Housing and social policy
Having secured and reasonable housing enhances the capacity of family units is
almost noteworthy need to give a steady situation to family, with resulting
enhancements in wellbeing, business and instructive resultsxiii. For instance, the
reintroduction of income-related rents has affected the social and financial prosperity
of state inhabitants. Inhabitant turnover in state investment properties has diminished
in many zones of the nation, from a normal of 33% in September 2000 to 15% in
September 2003xiv. A few zones have seen considerably more sensational changes,
particularly a few sections of Auckland, where turnover rates dropped by up to 70%.
Money-related strategy, tax collection arrangement, social help and migration
strategy can possibly helpful in developing effective strategy for social housingxv.
While a level of contrast is normal, there are housing results that the administration
accepts are not adequate.
New Zealand's housing sector is divided in separate parts, which incorporates those
properties 100% claimed by private premiums, including proprietor occupiers,

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financial specialists, and so forth. At the flip side of the range there is the general
population housing area, which is ruled by focal government, yet in addition includes
neighbourhood government ventures. A subset of open housing is state housing,
which is characterized here in connection to those properties 100% claimed by
Housing New Zealand for the benefit of the Government. At long last, outside general
society and private possession models, is the thing that will here be portrayed as the
group housing division which, regularly in relationship with either focal or
neighbourhood government or with private gatherings, possesses, works or oversees
housing stock in a not-revenue driven limit. Social housing is utilized here as an
umbrella term for open and group housing.
The private area represents the greater part of housing stock in New Zealand,
involving more than 90% of all houses. State houses number roughly 70,000, or
around 5 for each penny of all housing stock, and give settlement for around 200,000
New Zealandersxvi. Group housing, the littlest of the three segments, contains under
for every penny of all housing. This paper takes a gander at the general population
(especially state) and group housing parts and talks about choices to enhance the
quality, scale and assorted variety of that housing stock. Enhancing open and group
housing is critical for various reasons. Housing impacts over a number of social and
social circles, at last conveying outcomes for financial execution and generally
speaking nature of living. Equity, instruction, wellbeing and various different results
can be decidedly or adversely affected by changes in urban arranging and the nature
of housing stock.
There is a developing acknowledgment both here and abroad that lifting access to
quality housing for those parts of the group unfit to bear the cost of it accomplishes
more extensive goals than basic arrangement of and access to protect. Tending to
inadequate access to quality housing is a quick issuexvii. The beginning condition of
the group housing division and moderately minor pretended by nearby government
puts the immense lion's share of the housing duty on Housing New Zealand. It reports
that around 2500 candidates for state housing are at present on its holding up list.
Notwithstanding this number, there are various inhabitants needing housing support,
yet who try not to meet the criteria to fit the bill for state housing. Joining the four
classifications of candidates to Housing New Zealand property, there were roughly
8000 people and families applying for state housing starting at May 2011. There is
along these lines an issue of lacking supply in the State housing division.

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4.3 Theory of Multi-view approach
The multi-view approach for project is a technique utilized as a part of frameworks
investigation to create arrangements and furnish associations with instruments to meet
their goals and recognize the best action in the projectxviii. This model is utilized
generally when planning programs for human clients. The structure partitions the
outline of a framework into five discrete stages: the investigation of human action,
data demonstrating, and the investigation of social components innate to the
framework, the plan of the interface and the plan of the specialized anglesxix. Thus,
talking of the approach would be helpful in the research to fulfil its objectives.

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4.4 Overall policy framework
Non-benefit associations are influenced by laws and controls that decide their
authoritative documents, charge treatment, and the routes in which they can act.
Government offices' operational approaches, especially in connection to the way and
degree of subsidizing for non-benefits, additionally have a noteworthy effect.
4.4.1 Legal frameworks
Unincorporated organisations
Non-benefit associations are not obliged to look for formal lawful status.
Unincorporated associations still face various confinements or restrictions on their
exercises since they are liable to the use of customary law standards. Their individuals
might be dealt with as together and severally at risk (in a boundless way). For the
most part the law treats a legitimate move made by a named unincorporated gathering
as a move made by each of its individuals, yet a few laws may manage the association
in its own particular name. All individuals might be required to sign records managing
resources, generally contracts marked in the interest of the gathering have
indeterminate lawful legitimacy. Responsibility for vests in the people not the
associationxx. Where there are question or twisting up move is made, the courts might
be the main course to find out the lawful guidelines that apply. Unincorporated bodies
may likewise be restricted in their capacity to get any outside subsidizing (regardless
of whether from government or not). Be that as it may, such bodies can look for
assess exclusion for their salary if enrolled with the Charities Commission – where a
lawful identity isn't basic.

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Around 61 for each penny of New Zealand's 97,000 non-benefit associations are
evaluated to be unincorporated. Incorporated organisations. Non-benefit associations
can secure a lawful identity in various diverse ways. These take into consideration an
extensive variety of various structures, for instance, from little, self-sustaining and
elite gatherings to huge, open and vote based bodies electorate (counting numerous
voting demographics); from complex progressive associations to "level" assemblages.
The most seasoned of these arrangements has been accessible for over a century.
Legitimate enrolment or something to that affect is generally required with a specific
end goal to get stores from the state and numerous altruistic fundersxxi. Participation
based associations habitually consolidate under the Incorporated Societies Act 1908.
Altruistic social orders regularly join under the Charitable Trusts Act 1957 while
exchanging operations with a magnanimous reason frequently fuse under the
Companies Act. The Registrar of Incorporated Societies, directed by the Ministry of
Economic Development, decides if an association will be enlisted as a consolidated
society. Around 15 for each penny of New Zealand's 97,000 non-benefit associations
are fused as Charitable Trusts and 22 for every penny as Incorporated Societies. In
spite of the fact considerably less normally utilized, it is likewise conceivable to be
joined under the Friendly Societies and Credit Unions Act 1982, and for co-agents
under the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1908.
There are likewise various religious and different associations that are fused by their
own enabling enactment, for instance the Anglican Church Trusts Act 1981, Roman
Catholic Bishops Empowering Act 1997, Royal New Zealand Foundation of the Blind
Act 2002, and Te Whanau-a-Taupara Trust Empowering Act 2003. Each of these
types of joining has its own, somewhat unique, necessities for standards, participation
and different parts of operationxxii. There are additionally extraordinary detailing
necessities required by the enactment that the association is fused under. While for the
most part this direction may be viewed as light gave, it can even now be burdensome
and mistaking for little associations, which may not spend assets on proficient tax
assessment or lawful guidance. Around 90 for each penny of non-benefit associations
in this nation utilize no staff and are in this manner solely dependent on volunteers to
run them and guarantee legitimate consistence.
Charities

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Non-benefit associations may by and large have any reason they pick giving it is
legitimatexxiii. The general population advantage model contained inside statutory
definitions and case law on the importance of magnanimous reason, in light of the fact
that a trust with a solely altruistic reason may have an unending life and need not have
identifiable recipients. An association with a solely beneficent reason will, subject to
certain regional and hostile to evasion rules, be excluded from pay assessment and
blessing obligationxxiv. The givers to altruistic associations might have the capacity to
assert impose concessions for gifts if the philanthropy is likewise acknowledged as a
donated association by Inland Revenue. Collected more than four centuries, the case
law on beneficent design is perplexing. For those non-benefit associations that case
altruistic status, there are the precedent-based law trial of what constitutes a
philanthropy and a beneficent reason. Most open great exercises are perceived yet
some key focuses are:
• The reason must identify with alleviation of neediness, the progression of training or
religion, or some other issue helpful to the group
• The advancement of political change is avoided
• The association may bear on business gave the objects are beneficent.

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The Charities Act 2005 accommodates the Charities Commission to enrol
magnanimous substances. This enlistment procedure has turned into the "front
entryway" for associations that desire to be qualified for expense and blessing
obligation exceptions accessible to foundations under duty enactment. Enrolment
under the Charities Act does not swap the choice for a gathering to independently
fuse, for instance under the Incorporated Societies or Charitable Trusts Acts, as talked
about above. Pledge drives (and raising support) are not subject to a particular
administrative system. The Charities Act proceeds with the past approach embraced
by Inland Revenue in evaluating what association can be acknowledged as
magnanimous for tax cuts. The new enactment gives the most stringent trial of
purpose4 while fortifying the requirement of the current exclusions and giving a
premise to strategy audit of their degree.
The acknowledgment that an association is beneficent under other enactment, for
example, the Charitable Trusts Act (1957), does not imply that an association will be
viewed as altruistic by the Charities Commission. Acknowledgment of enrolment by
the Charities Commission is presently the trigger for acknowledgment of
magnanimous status by Inland Revenue. In any case, Inland Revenue holds a
definitive choice concerning charge excluded status.
Incorporated organizations
Non-benefit associations enlisted with the Charities Commission are required to
present a yearly restore that must incorporate a duplicate of the association's monetary
records and incorporate an announcement of its money related execution.
4.4 Housing Policies: The 1980s-1999

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Housing amid the season of the fourth Work Government was not broadly changed
and there was a continuation of a blend of approaches which included both supply
side appropriations as low intrigue advances to Local Authorities for housing through
to housing advantages to help with lease for low salary family units. Some new
activities were added to empower home proprietorship still observed as the perfect
housing choice as sweat value, and home possession reserve funds plans (National
Housing Commission 1988)xxv. Encourage the Housing Corporation, a multipurpose
association, which both 'financed' and 'given', got away broad rebuilding. The
protection from improving the housing division, at this stage, seems to have been an
impression of solid institutional protection from the multi-reason Housing
Organization and the affectability of the Work Government to the political
ramifications of further radical change after 1987.
As housing was excluded in the main flood of changes, the absence of progress can
likewise be connected to the parts that happened in the Work Government in the late
1980s that debilitated the position of the radical financial reformers inside the
Government. Weights and promotion for change were exhibit amid the season of the
Labour Governmentxxvi. In both the instructions papers to the approaching government
in 1984 and after the 1987 race, solid contentions were made, especially from
Treasury, for a radical change to housing arrangement along the lines of the changes
that had cleared through alternate ranges of Government strategy (Treasury 1984,
1987). The backing, in line with worldwide patterns as of now, was for a move
towards a more prominent dependence upon request side mediation.

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The moving example of free market activity side approach intercessions in housing
over a number of OECD nations and shows, that in all cases, there was a dynamic
move towards a more prominent accentuation on request side measures over this
period. The decision of the National party to government in 1991 proceeded with the
example of progress organized by the fourth labour government. However a few
viewpoints were heightened. In the principal spending plan of the new government in
1991 welfare benefits were slice keeping in mind the end goal to support the
development of recipients into the workforce. Housing was likewise in the sights of
the new government for change. In 1992 The Housing Restructuring Act was
presented. This changed both the organization of housing, and the idea of help given.
The Housing Corporation made in the mid-1970s, as a multi reason state association,
was cancelled.
On the other hand, duty for approach exhortation was isolated from the conveyance of
housing administrations. In this manner the as of late made Ministry of Housing
(1988) accepted a more critical part and turned into the sole wellspring of approach
exhortation. The administration of open housing was exchanged to another substance
called Housing New Zealand (HNZ), which had the primary obligation of dealing
with the state rental stock. Another type of pay assistance was presented as the main
methods for helping low salary individuals into housing, the Accommodation
Supplement (AS) (1993).
4.5 Impact of housing policy
In the race campaign of 1999, one of the vows that labour made, if chose, was that
they would return rents for State house occupants to a salary related premise. In this
manner, in 2000 the Housing Restructuring (Income Related Rents) Amendment Act
was passed. This specific bit of enactment reintroduced pay related rents for State
house occupants, and kept the further offer of any more open rental stock. The
designation of state rental was to be founded on require, therefore criteria must be
created and portion strategies set up. A further change was in the association and
organization of lodging with another element to be made.
In 2001 the Housing New Zealand Corporation (HNZC) was shaped to supplant the
Housing New Zealand (HNZ) and the remaining parts of the old Housing
Corporation. The new association had a more extensive order than essentially dealing
with the state rental stock. It was by and by to incorporate a strategy and research

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limit. This was to empower the distinguishing proof of future needs and guarantee that
the lodging segment all in all was very much set to give moderate, not too bad lodging
to New Zealand families now and later on. In any case, the arrangement part is
separated amongst HNC and the Ministry of Housing which was renamed. The new
association was to be a socially capable office and never again needed to make a
benefit. Later on government would remunerate the Housing Corporation of New
Zealand for loss of wage made through the new wage related rents strategy.
Further, the supply of open lodging was by and by to ascend with the administration
setting up a plan to buy, rent and fabricate encourage open lodging. The new
administration of wage related rents, at first helped around 40,000 state occupants.
The measure was a focused on one and considered both the wage of accomplices and
any wage from funds. When they were over the salary and resources limits set, rents
were then acclimated to showcase esteem and help was like that give under the
Accommodation Supplement to non-state occupantsxxvii. This strategy gets a level of
decency in the evaluation of state and non-state inhabitants and in this manner mirrors
the want inside the arrangement for even value. The bureau of Building and Housing
in 2004, and given a concentration around regulative part of building and a
proceeding with duty regarding the administration of the private tenures enactment.

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5. Research methodology
Research methodology is the procedure of systematic approach and solving issues in
appropriate technique in the researchxxviii. Thus, methodological tools such as
philosophy, approach and design strategies as well as data collection method would
be helpful to pursue the research in proper way. The methodology for explore is
portrayed to perceive the most sensible approach that can be grasped to secure the
desired results and yields from the particular research. In investigate strategy, certain
speculations and thoughts are gotten to have better and more significant examination
on the picked subject for analysexxix. The execution of the investigation system
fathoms the technique being gotten to separate the diverse segments that impact the
subjective finish of the creating methodology for social lodging in New Zealand. In
this section of the research, the researcher will select suitable as well as appropriate
tools for the research that helps to conduct the research in proper and effective way.
Research philosophy
Research thinking associates in enlightening the suspicion system attempted by a star
while driving an examination point. In any case, the reasoning system for assessing a
specific point can differ so the affirmation of examination theory should be achievable
and in true course of action. The sweeping and typical sorts of epistemology that is a
touch of speculation are positivism, interpretivism and authenticity. Positivism as
related in the present setting helps in better examination of the hidden confirmations
and data identified with the different parts developing strategy for housing in New
Zealand. Adjacent to that, nature of the examination is time-restricted so interpretative
or validity consider was disposed of as of late like the decision of examination
wisdom.
Research Approach
A specific examination subject can be tried for mull over in two wide systems for
either deductive or inductive. Inductive approach is an examination that partners in
pondering an examination minute that enough information on the favoured one isn't
accessiblexxx. The essential time of inductive approach will acumen that aides in
extending imperative data and builds up the technique for the examination in like
way. Inductive procedure fills the need of new hypothesis working for any subject. Of
course, deductive technique is utilized as a strategy that depicts the sensible use of the
hypotheses concentrated on to get to substance of the research paper. Deductive

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system wants to build up a hypothesis with more purposes of intrigue and
considerations of information examination. In the present examination, the subject
will try to consider the musings identified with the strategy for social housing in New
Zealand. Regardless, inductive technique neglects to be executed in the present
subject, as the ace features no new musings or hypotheses.
Research design:
Research design helps in clearing up the structure of the examination subject that will
help in affirmation of the social affair and examination plotxxxi. Amidst the technique
of information accumulation, a specific sort of approach is related that assistants in
better depiction of the examination outline.
The distinctive sorts of research layout that can be associated in academic research are
as exploratory, educational and realisticxxxii. Exploratory design helps a researcher in
seeing differing sorts of insights and considerations required to finish an examination
paper. In any case, instructive examination configuration portrays the event of scenes
or occasions and correspondingly impact of the scene. In light of the unimportant
enlightenment of conditions and last items relationship, infiltration subtle segments of
an examination persuade the chance to be obliged.
Use of enlightening will be avoided as it helps the likelihood of longitudinal
examination that was inconceivable with the specific subject. In the research, data
from secondary sources such as books, journals and websites will be taken and
reviewedxxxiii. Based on the gathered data, themes will be developed and analysis will
be achieved that would be helpful to fulfil objectives of the research.
Feasibility: The researcher will find data based on secondary sources. Simple random
probability sampling technique will be used for data collection. The research will
follow all accessibility issues along with the standard for doing a research.
Data collection methods: There are two types of data collection methods such as
primary and secondary data collection methodsxxxiv. In the research, secondary data
collection method will be followed for collecting secondary data and proceed to
document analysis.
Data analysis methods: The accumulated data will be analysed by qualitative data
analysis method. Themes will be developed according to collected data and document
analysis will be achieved. Secondary data will be analysed with the qualitative data
analysis techniques. Secondary data will be collected and according to that theme will

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be formed so that it will be easy for analysing and developing strategy for social
housing in non-profit sector of New Zealand.
6. Limitations
Even though the research is expected to provide future possibilities, some difficulties
might be faced while conducting the research. Lack of sufficient money and time,
there might be dependency on limited materials for literature review. In addition,
some articles might not be accessible for including old data and different language.
This says nothing about any limitations you might face in collecting primary data,
Contacting participants, analysing data, storing data etc.

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7. Risks and Contingencies
Risk Description: In the qualitative research often raises few concerns regarding the
protection of confidentiality of participants as well as third parties mentioned in the
transcribed narratives.
Risk Severity: low
Risk Likelihood: low
Risk Manageability: high
This is not good enough. You need to state what these are

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8. Ethical Considerations
While conducting the research, it will require ensuring appropriate following of the
ethical principles. In order to avoid collation, the information that will gather for
qualitative analysis will be kept protected Law that restricts publication of
confidential information. In addition, data under privacy and copyright policy will not
be used in the research.
This section is incomplete. You need to write out exactly what you paln to do to meet
the ethical considerations

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9. Timeline
Main activities/ stages 1st
week
6th
week
12th
week
18th
week
20th
week
24th
week
Topic Selection 
Data collection from
secondary sources
 
Designing layout of the
research

Literature review   
Research Plan  
Selecting Appropriate
Research Techniques
 
Primary data collection  
Analysis & Interpretation of
Data Collection
 
Conclusion 
Rough Draft 
Submission of Final Work 

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10.References
Alford, J. (2014). The multiple facets of co-production: Building on the work of
Elinor Ostrom. Public Management Review, 16(3), 299-316.
Austin, P. M., Gurran, N., & Whitehead, C. M. (2014). Planning and affordable
housing in Australia, New Zealand and England: common culture; different
mechanisms. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 29(3), 455-472.
Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2014). Creating value in non-profit-business
collaborations: new thinking and practice. John Wiley &Sons. no place of
publication
Baines, D., Charlesworth, S., Turner, D., & O’Neill, L. (2014). Lean social care and
worker identity: The role of outcomes, supervision and mission. Critical
Social Policy, 34(4), 433-453.
Ball, A., Grubnic, S., & Birchall, J. (2014). 11 Sustainability accounting and
accountability in the public sector. Sustainability accounting and
accountability, 176. no volume and issue number
Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-
1010). Springer New York.
Chowdhury, A., & Shil, N. C. (2017). Performance measurement systems in the
context of new public management: evidence from the Australian public sector
and policy implications for developing countries. Problems of Management in
the 21st Century, 12(1).
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a
research project. Sage.no place of publication
Hoye, R., Smith, A. C., Nicholson, M., & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport management:
principles and applications. Routledge. no place of publication
Klingner, D., Nalbandian, J., & Llorens, J. J. (2015). Public personnel management.
Routledge. no place of publication

First 2-3 words of Title 25
Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., & Van der Voet, J.
(2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature
review. Public Administration, 92(1), 1-20.
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and
design. Routledge. no place of publication
Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Wainwright, T., & Broad, M. (2016). Visual
performance management in housing associations: a crisis of legitimation or
the shape of things to come? Public Money & Management, 36(2), 105-112.
Phillips, R., & Pittman, R. (Eds.). (2014). An introduction to community development.
Routledge: Abingdon.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research
methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley &Sons: New Jersey.
Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., & Halligan, J. (2015). Performance management in
the public sector. Routledge: Abingdon.

First 2-3 words of Title 26
11. Bibliography
Alford, J. (2014). The multiple facets of co-production: Building on the work of
Elinor Ostrom. Public Management Review, 16(3), 299-316.
Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2014). Creating value in non-profit-business
collaborations: new thinking and practice. John Wiley &Sons. no place of
publication
Austin, P. M., Gurran, N., & Whitehead, C. M. (2014). Planning and affordable
housing in Australia, New Zealand and England: common culture; different
mechanisms. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 29(3), 455-472.
Baines, D., Charlesworth, S., Turner, D., & O’Neill, L. (2014). Lean social care and
worker identity: The role of outcomes, supervision and mission. Critical
Social Policy, 34(4), 433-453.
Ball, A., Grubnic, S., & Birchall, J. (2014). 11 Sustainability accounting and
accountability in the public sector. Sustainability accounting and
accountability, 176. no volume or issue number
Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-
1010). Springer New York.
Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C., & Bloomberg, L. (Eds.). (2015). Creating Public Value
in Practice: Advancing the Common Good in a Multi-sector, Shared-power,
No-one-wholly-in-charge World (Vol. 194). CRC Press: USA
Chowdhury, A., & Shil, N. C. (2017). Performance measurement systems in the
context of new public management: evidence from Australian public sector
and policy implications for developing countries. Problems of Management in
the 21st Century, 12(1). no page numbers
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a
research project. Sage: USA.
Hoye, R., Smith, A. C., Nicholson, M., & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport management:
principles and applications. Routledge: Abingdon
Klingner, D., Nalbandian, J., & Llorens, J. J. (2015). Public personnel management.
Routledge: Abingdon.
Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., & Van der Voet, J.
(2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature
review. Public Administration, 92(1), 1-20.

First 2-3 words of Title 27
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and
design. Routledge: Abingdon.
Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Wainwright, T., & Broad, M. (2016). Visual
performance management in housing associations: a crisis of legitimation or
the shape of things to come? Public Money & Management, 36(2), 105-112.
Miles, M. P., Miles, M. P., Verreynne, M. L., Verreynne, M. L., McAuley, A.,
McAuley, A., ... & Hammond, K. (2017). Exploring public universities as
social enterprises. International Journal of Educational Management, 31(3),
404-414.
O'Leary, R. (2016). Retrofitting Collaboration into the New Public Management:
Lessons from New Zealand. Browser Download This Paper. no url and date of
access
Phillips, R., & Pittman, R. (Eds.). (2014). An introduction to community development.
Routledge. no place of publication
Scott, R. J., & Boyd, R. (2016). Collective impact in the Public Sector: The New
Zealand Results approach. incomplete reference
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research
methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley &Sons. no place of
publication
Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., & Halligan, J. (2015). Performance management in
the public sector. Routledge. no place of publication

First 2-3 words of Title 28
Appendices
Figure 1: Strategy development
(Source: xxxv )

First 2-3 words of Title 29

i Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., & Halligan, J. (2015). Performance management in the
public sector. Routledge: Abingdon.
ii Ball, A., Grubnic, S., & Birchall, J. (2014). 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability in the
public sector. Sustainability accounting and accountability, 176.
iii Klingner, D., Nalbandian, J., & Llorens, J. J. (2015). Public personnel management.
Routledge. no place of publication
iv Ball, A., Grubnic, S., & Birchall, J. (2014). 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability
in the public sector. Sustainability accounting and accountability, 176. no volume and issue
number
v Chowdhury, A., & Shil, N. C. (2017). Performance measurement systems in the context of
new public management: evidence from australian public sector and policy implications for
developing countries. Problems of Management in the 21st Century, 12(1). no page numbers
vi Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2014). Creating value in nonprofit-business
collaborations: new thinking and practice. John Wiley &Sons. no place of publication
Phillips, R., & Pittman, R. (Eds.). (2014). An introduction to community development. Routledge:
Abingdon.
vii Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., & Van der Voet, J. (2014).
The management of change in public organizations: A literature review. Public
Administration, 92(1), 1-20.
viii Austin, J. E., & Seitanidi, M. M. (2014). Creating value in nonprofit-business
collaborations: new thinking and practice. John Wiley &Sons.
ix Groenhart, L., & Burke, T. (2014). What has happened to Australia's public housing? Thirty years
of policy and outcomes, 1981 to 2011. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 49(2), 127-149.
x Marlowe, J. M., Bartley, A., & Hibtit, A. (2014). The New Zealand Refugee Resettlement
Strategy: implications for identity, acculturation and civic participation. Kotuitui: New Zealand
Journal of Social Sciences Online, 9(2), 60-69.
xi Elliott, S., & Yusuf, I. (2014). ‘Yes, we can; but together’: social capital and refugee
resettlement. Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 9(2), 101-110.

xii Kelsey, J. (2015). Reclaiming the future: New Zealand and the global economy. Bridget Williams
Books.
xiii Hoye, R., Smith, A. C., Nicholson, M., & Stewart, B. (2015). Sport management: principles
and applications. Routledge. nol place of publication
xiv Gillespie-Bennett, J., Keall, M., Howden-Chapman, P., & Baker, M. G. (2013). Improving
health, safety and energy efficiency in New Zealand through measuring and applying basic housing
standards. The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online), 126(1379).
xv Baines, D., Charlesworth, S., Turner, D., & O’Neill, L. (2014). Lean social care and worker
identity: The role of outcomes, supervision and mission. Critical Social Policy, 34(4), 433-
453.
xvi Taylor, D. R., Gray, M., & Stanton, D. (2016). New conditionality in Australian social security
policy. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 51(1), 3-26.
xvii Collings, S., Jenkin, G., Carter, K., & Signal, L. (2014). Gender differences in the mental health
of single parents: New Zealand evidence from a household panel survey. Social psychiatry and
psychiatric epidemiology, 49(5), 811-821.
xviii Manville, G., Greatbanks, R., Wainwright, T., & Broad, M. (2016). Visual performance
management in housing associations: a crisis of legitimation or the shape of things to
come? Public Money & Management, 36(2), 105-112.
xix Austin, P. M., Gurran, N., & Whitehead, C. M. (2014). Planning and affordable housing in
Australia, New Zealand and England: common culture; different mechanisms. Journal of
Housing and the Built Environment, 29(3), 455-472.
xx de Kam, G., Needham, B., & Buitelaar, E. (2014). The embeddedness of inclusionary housing in
planning and housing systems: insights from an international comparison.
xxi Munn, Z., Porritt, K., Lockwood, C., Aromataris, E., & Pearson, A. (2014). Establishing
confidence in the output of qualitative research synthesis: the ConQual approach. BMC medical
research methodology, 14(1), 108.
xxii Fields, D. (2015). Contesting the financialization of urban space: Community organizations and
the struggle to preserve affordable rental housing in New York City. Journal of Urban
Affairs, 37(2), 144-165.

xxiii Miller, C. (2016). The shared history of public health and planning in New Zealand: A different
colonial experience. Progress in Planning, 106, 1-21.
xxiv Mattingly, K., & Morrissey, J. (2014). Housing and transport expenditure: socio-spatial
indicators of affordability in Auckland. Cities, 38, 69-83.
xxv Osborn, R., Squires, D., Doty, M. M., Sarnak, D. O., & Schneider, E. C. (2016). In new survey
of eleven countries, US adults still struggle with access to and affordability of health care. Health
Affairs, 10-1377.
xxvi Alaazi, D. A., Masuda, J. R., Evans, J., & Distasio, J. (2015). Therapeutic landscapes of home:
Exploring Indigenous peoples' experiences of a Housing First intervention in Winnipeg. Social
Science & Medicine, 147, 30-37.
xxvii O'Sullivan, K. C., Howden-Chapman, P. L., & Fougere, G. M. (2015). Fuel poverty, policy, and
equity in New Zealand: The promise of prepayment metering. Energy Research & Social
Science, 7, 99-107.
xxviii Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge. no place of publication
xxix Shaw, B. E., Hahn, T., Martin, P. J., Mitchell, S. A., Petersdorf, E. W., Armstrong, G. T., ... &
Bhatia, S. (2017). National Institutes of Health hematopoietic cell transplantation late effects
initiative: the research methodology and study design working group report. Biology of Blood and
Marrow Transplantation, 23(1), 10-23.
xxx Mackey, A., & Marsden, E. (Eds.). (2015). Advancing methodology and practice: The IRIS
repository of instruments for research into second languages. Routledge.
xxxi Fletcher, A. J. (2017). Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets
method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), 181-194.
xxxii Eggert, T., McGlynn, K., Greten, T. F., & Altekruse, S. (2014). Response to fibrolamellar
hepatocellular carcinoma versus conventional hepatocellular carcinoma: better 5-year survival or
artefactual result of research methodology?. Gut, 63(9), 1524-1524.
xxxiii Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research
methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley &Sons: New Jersey

xxxiv Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology (pp. 1008-1010).
Springer New York.
xxxv O'Sullivan, K. C., Howden-Chapman, P. L., & Fougere, G. M. (2015). Fuel poverty, policy, and
equity in New Zealand: The promise of prepayment metering. Energy Research & Social
Science, 7, 99-107.