Strategic Management and Leadership Analysis of Walmart

This report offers a comprehensive analysis of Walmart's strategic management and leadership. It begins with an introduction to Walmart's business activities, emphasizing its competitive strategies and global presence. The report then delves into the external and market environment, examining political, economic, technological, social, environmental, and legal factors, as well as market competition and the influence of customers and suppliers. A detailed SWOT analysis is presented, highlighting Walmart's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The report further explores the company's human and financial resources, emphasizing core competencies and the importance of financial management. The organizational structure of Walmart is also discussed, followed by an examination of future challenges and potential strategies for addressing them. The report concludes with a summary of key findings and provides references to support the analysis.

Running head: Strategic management and leadership
Strategic management and leadership

Strategic management and leadership
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
External and market environment of the Walmart.......................................................................................3
SWOT analysis of Walmart.........................................................................................................................6
Human and financial resources and core competencies of the organization................................................7
Organizational structure of the Walmart....................................................................................................10
Future challenges of the Walmart and strategies to resolve these issues....................................................12
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................13
References.................................................................................................................................................15
2

Strategic management and leadership
Introduction
The report talks about the business activities and operations of the Walmart. It explains
that how the company is overcoming on the competitors in the market. It explains the external
environment of the firm and it also describes that how macro environment influences the success
and growth of the firm negatively. Apart from this, the paper explains the financial and human
resources of the Walmart. It outlines that how the core competencies and core values are
important for the firm to attain the long-term mission and vision of the organization. In addition,
it describes the organizational structure of the company to gain sustainability in the organization.
It tells that how the Walmart has become a global leader in the retail industry around the world.
Walmart is an American multinational retailing company which operates and manages as
a chain of discount department stores, hypermarkets, and grocery stores with headquartered is
located in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton and it was
incorporated on 31st October 1969. The firm operates and manages under the name Walmart in
the Canada and United States. The company is one of the biggest companies in the world by
revenue and profit. The firm invests money in outside North America to get the better results and
outcomes (Michelson, 2013). In today’s era, Wal-Mart is becoming a player with maintaining
sustainability within the organization. It provides great employment opportunities to the
employees.
External and market environment of the Walmart
The growth and success of the organization are influenced by the external environment
and market of the country. External environment consists various factors which cannot be
controlled and managed by the company. These factors include the following:
Political factors: The sales and revenue of the Walmart can be affected by the various political
factors. The government can change and modify rules and regulations at any time which can
affect the company growth and success of the firm (Sánchez, 2013).
Economic factors: Economic factors are also the part of the external environment which affects
the business of the company negatively. Market inflation also affects the business activities and
3

Strategic management and leadership
operations of the firm. It also affects the performance and efficiency of the company. Further, the
purchasing power of customers depends on the economic condition of the country. After the
various researchers, it has been evaluated that economic factors both internationally, as well as
domestically, might affect the financial performance and effectiveness of the Walmart. In
addition, higher interest rate, energy cost, inflation, unemployment rate, and changes in the tax
law and regulations can affect the success and growth of the firm. Along with this, foreign
exchange rate, higher transportation cost, and other economic elements could also affect the
business operations of the firm (Marcilla, 2014).
Technological factors: Generally, e-commerce and internet affect the overall performance of the
company. As a result, the company is able to introduce and launch its online stores which can
help to the company for maintaining a good relationship with customers in the global market.
Through e-commerce and internet, the company is able to maintain a proper and regular
connection with buyers and sellers.
Social factors: There are various social factors existed in the external environment which can
influence the business activities of the Walmart. Therefore, the firm participates in social
activities to build and develop a good relationship between the society and clients as well
(Lombardo, 2017).
Environmental factors: The Company sells the products and services with maintaining good
quality. The firm ensures that products and services are not harmful to the customers in the
market. The organization has also introduced an effective and unique waste management system
that main aim to reduce the pollutions and provide a neat and clean environment to the public for
the future. The waste system is built and developed to reduce and prevent the various mistakes
and obstacles within the organization.
Legal factors: The legal rules and regulations also affect the growth and progress of the firm.
The company is trying to do work for client’s welfare and it also wants to make a good image in
the global market (Fernie, Fernie, and Moore, 2015).
Market competition: Market competition is a big concern and it affects the objectives and goals
of the firm. The firm needs to evaluate and analyze the plans, policies, strategies of the
competitors in order to determine the long-term success and growth of the firm. In this way,
4

Strategic management and leadership
Walmart can overcome on the competitors in the global market. In addition, low prices of the
products and services also affect the customers in the universal market. Further, substitute
products are also big challenge for the company. If the buyers become honest and loyal in the
market then the threat of substitutes can be reduced by the firm. Along with this, the company
can use effective business strategies and policies to gain success around the world (Blackwell
and Eppler, 2014).
Customers: The growth and success of the Walmart depend on the customers which are existed
in the international market. Customers increase the competition in the market. There are various
types of the buyer which affect the prices of the products in global market. There are some
factors which affect the buying behavior of the customers such as the size of customers, number
of buyers, consumer mentality, quality and quantity of the products and services and discount
factors etc.
Supplier power: Suppliers power affects the business operations and activities of the Walmart.
There are several suppliers are manufacturing a variety of products in the retail industry. Thus,
the company looks the prices of the products and takes the purchasing decisions. The suppliers
have very little power to negotiate the prices. The supplier’s power depends on the various
factors such as switching costs, the uniqueness of products and suppliers concentration.
All these factors affect the business operations and actions of the Walmart. The company
needs to focus on the external environment of the company to maximize its growth and to gain
long-term benefits and revenue within the organization. Further, the firm must focus in the
marketing environment of the company. It should focus on the activities and plans of the market
to promote the products and services of the organization. Walmart is one of the biggest assets to
the people in the world. It provides various types of products such as car repairs, electronics
products, and groceries products. Walmart is the second biggest corporation in the world. In
addition, the company needs to monitor the business activities and operations of the competitors.
The competitors include Target Corporation, Carrefour, and Costco Wholesale Corporation.
These are the major competitors of the Walmart and they play a vital role in the international
market. Entire companies affect the progress and success of the firm. In addition, the
organization must focus on the business level strategies and corporate strategies to gain the
competitors advantages in the market. It makes effective plans, strategies, and policies in order to
5

Strategic management and leadership
determine the course of actions within the organization. In this way, the company can easily
achieve its mission and vision of the firm (Bjelland and Wood, 2015).
SWOT analysis of Walmart
SWOT analysis is done by the company to evaluate and identify the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of the company which has been discussed below (Ali,2012).
Strengths Weaknesses
 It is one of the largest companies across
the world.
 It uses information technology for
providing support to its international
logistics system.
 The company is expanding and
flourishing its business day by day.
Further, it is creating a joint venture in
India.
 The company is not maintaining
flexibility and transparency. Thus, the
company is not able to focus on the
competitors in the global market.
 Walmart is facing competition in North
America with stores such as Target and
Kmart.
 The company is not able to focus on the
several areas due to the huge span of
control.
 Negative publicity and high employee
turnover.
Opportunities Threats
 The company is taking more
advantages by focusing on the special
markets.
 There are enormous opportunities for
the company to expand its future in
near future.
 There are various political problems
and barriers exist in the market.
 Intense price competition is the major
threat for the Walmart.
 Many small businesses dislike
Walmart. It is the other threat for the
company.
6

Strategic management and leadership
Human and financial resources and core competencies of the organization
Wal-Mart is one of the biggest players around the world. If the firm wants to start a new
business then it is the responsibility of the company to procure and save the financial resources
in order to ensure the success and growth of the Wal-Mart. Further, financial management refers
to the effective and efficient management of funds in an effective manner to attain the goals and
objectives of the firm (Glanz, Bader and Iyer, 2012). It is the specialization function which is
directly associated with the top management of the firm. Financial resources play a crucial role
in Walmart and its success and growth which depend on the financial resources of the firm. None
of the organization can start the business without sufficient financial resources. The financial
position of the Walmart is very excellent and effective. Net cash provided by operating activities
was $28.6 billion, $27.4 billion and $, 23.3 billion for the fiscal year 2016. The current revenue
of the company is increasing day by day. Further, the company is focusing on assets of the
company for return on investment and it is managing working capital to provide strong free cash
flow. They are providing returns to their shareholders through dividends and share repurchases.
They are focusing on the return on investment and cash flow. The two aim of the working capital
is to increase and enhance the profitability of the organization and to ensure the long-term goals
and objectives of the firm. The net sales of the Walmart from 2006 to 2017 are showing in below
diagram (Stankevičiūtė, Grunda, and Bartkus, 2012).
(Statista, 2017)
7

Strategic management and leadership
In this way, the company is increasing its sales and revenue day by day. The company is making
a good image in the market through its effective financial position. Further, the company is able
to maintain the effective difference between receivables and payables because it affects the brand
image and suppliers of the firm. Through effective financial position, the company is reducing
the risk of inventory and various other obstacles within the organization. In addition, the
company is making effective strategies and plans to increase the financial revenue and growth of
the firm. Along with this, the firm is using effective supply chain capabilities to reduce the cost
and to build an effective relationship with customers in the global market (Rothenberg, Hull and
Tang, 2017).
Human resource management is the backbone of the Walmart. The company cannot hire
a potential and competent candidate without sustainable HRM. It is one of the largest companies
in the world in terms of organizational size, financial performance, and business value. Further,
the company focuses on the human resources in order to satisfy the business requirements, needs,
and expectations. In addition, the firm monitors and evaluates internal organizational processes
to run the business activities smoothly. Along with this, it focuses on the human resource
planning, job description, job specification, and job design to evaluate and measure the
performance of the workers in order to meet the long-term objectives and goals. The company
focuses on the recruitment, selection, training, development and performance management,
compensation and career development to analyze and measure the performance and efficiency of
the employees. Walmart is one of the biggest organizations in the world. Each store has its own
human resource manager who manages the employees within the organization. HR manager
makes plans, policies, strategies, and procedures to carry the business activities and operations
effectively and efficiently. The company predicts possible future changes in the workforce to
attain the mission and vision of the firm. The company uses the information system to identify
and determine the aspects and areas of the firm which can increase the demand of the human
resources. HRM implements and uses corresponding labor force plans and policies to stabilize
the human resources within the organization. The company hires potential and competent
applicants to increase the sales of the products and services. In addition, the company uses job
analysis and job design methods in order to increase and maximize the revenue and profit of the
company (Ken, 2014).
8

Strategic management and leadership
Further, the company uses different recruitment and selection strategies to hire the
suitable and appropriate candidate in the organization. The recruitment strategies include direct
recruitment, online recruitment, and academic institutions recruitment. These HR methods
ensure the diversity of the candidates to do work effectively at the workplace. Further, the
company uses effective retention strategies to reduce the high employee turnover within the
organization. Along with this, the company provides effective incentives and bonus to the
competent employees to encourage and motivate employees for doing work effectively. In
addition, the company provides training and development coaching to the employees to improve
their skills and performance at the workplace. Further, performance management system is used
by the Walmart. Along with this, it uses career development plans to measure and evaluate the
efficiency of the employees. It uses effective compensation strategies to maximize the
productivity and performance of the workers (Carden, Courtemanche and Meiners, 2009).
HRM also maintains the reciprocal relationship between employee and employer to
increase the productivity of the company. They maintain a good working environment for the
employees at the workplace. In this way, human resource management is an integral part of the
Walmart. HRM provides job satisfaction and job security to the worker to enhance their
efficiency within the organization (Paauwe, 2009).
Core competencies
Walmart is one of the biggest players around the world. There are various core competencies of
the company that have been discussed below.
Culture: It is one of the biggest core competencies of the company. The workers are efficient,
hardworking, and potential to do work effectively. Further, the company provides favorable
working environment and culture to the workers to accomplish the long-term goals and targets
(Tombs, and Whyte, 2015).
Effective relations with suppliers: Walmart maintains effective relations with suppliers to
attain their goals and objectives at lower prices. Further, the company uses information
technology system to ensure the speedy and fast delivery of the products and services. The
company also works with suppliers to increase and improve the production of the firm
(Philippon, 2012).
9

Strategic management and leadership
International growth: It is another core competency of the company. The company determines
long-term growth and success of the company. The firm is expanding its business activities and
operations globally. This competency also helps to overcome on the competitors in the global
market (Prieto, Phipps. and Addae, 2014).
Better use of technology: The Company uses innovative technologies to provide good quality of
product and services to the customers around the world. Further, the company maintains an
effective and cordial relationship with its suppliers and partners across the world. By using of
innovative and effective technology, the company can gain competitive advantages in the market
(van Tulder, 2015). Along with this, just in time inventory process is implemented by the
company to reduce and eliminate the cost of inventory at the stores and warehouses. Along with
this integrity and patience is another core competencies of the firm. The company maintains
effective communication in the market to deal with suppliers as well as customers around the
world. These are the core competencies of the Walmart. These core competencies help to beat
the competitors in the market. It also helps to identify and measures the future plans and policies
of the organization to gain long-term success and growth (Isberg and Pitta, 2013).
Organizational structure of the Walmart
The organizational structure of the Wal-Mart is very effective and efficient. The
organizational structure of the Wal-Mart determines and evaluates business activities and
operations of the firm. This structure resolves various problems and key challenges which are
existed in the organization. The firm is growing and succeeding day by day through its effective
and unique organizational structure. It also helps to provide competitive advantages in the market
(Grosse-Ruyken, Wagner and Jönke, 2011).
The firm uses hierarchical functional organizational structure to increase the revenue of
the firm. There are two features of Wal-Mart organizational structure such as function-based
definition and hierarchy. Through hierarchy features, the employees assign command and
authority in vertical lines to enhance their confidence and productivity (Galpin, Whitttington, and
Bell, 2015). Along with this, the function based definition feature includes the groups of the
employees which are fulfilling the functions and objectives of the firm. For example, the
company maintains department such as human resource management to perform the functions
10

Strategic management and leadership
and duties effectively and efficiently. In addition, Walmart also maintains department for the
function of the marketing, administration, finance and information technology. These are
enormous function based departments in the organizational structure of the Walmart (Morschett,
Schramm-Klein, and Zentes, 2015).
The functional organizational structure of the Wal-Mart affects the entire organization of
the firm. The company maintains transparency and flexibility at the workplace through its
effective and unique organizational structure (Elder, 2016). The lower level of organizational
structure cannot easily adjust business policies and practices within the organization. Further,
various models are used by the firm to maintain effective organizational structure for providing
benefits to the employees as well as customers. Further, culture also plays a vital role to maintain
excellent organizational structure in the company (Lombardo, 2017). The organizational culture
depends on the various factors which increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the Walmart.
There are four components of Walmart organizational culture such as service to customers,
action with integrity, respect for the individual and strive for excellence (Hill, Jones. and
Schilling, 2014). In terms service to customers, the firm provides effective and good quality of
products and services to the customers in the global market. Further, the company provides
respect and morale to the each and every employee. In addition, the company promotes and
encourages honesty, integrity, fairness to make effective decisions in the organization. Walmart
also promotes teamwork and collaboration to increase the efficiency and to reduce the cost of the
products. It is one of the biggest retailers who promote organizational structure and culture to
overcome on its competitors in the universal market. The main aims of the Walmart to increase
revenue with maintaining suitable prices of the products around the world (Flamholtz and
Randle, 2012).
Further, the company uses differentiation and pricing strategies to gain long-term profit
around the world. Through differentiation strategy, the company is able to differentiate its
products from the competitor’s products in the world. Along with this, it uses pricing strategies
to fix the reasonable prices of the various products and various around the world. The Wal-Mart
organizational culture is based on the open door policy to evaluate and identify the needs,
requirements, and expectations of the customers around the world (Okoro, 2012).
11

Strategic management and leadership
The effective and unique organizational structure provides various benefits to the
customers as well as the organization. The company can evaluate and analyze the rules, policies,
plans, and programs of the competitors around the world. It is one of the biggest benefits for the
company. There are various competitors of the Walmart such as Target, Coulomb technologies,
Amazon, Best buy and Apple Inc. The company can also measure and evaluate the strategies and
plans of the market to gain sustainability in the market. The firm can reduce and eliminate the
risk and key challenges of the market. Now it is assumed that organizational culture and structure
play a vital and significant role in Walmart. Further, the company analyzes and evaluates the
external environment to eliminate various obstacles and barriers around the world. In this way,
the company achieves various competitive advantages in the market around the world (Joyce
Stuart, 2011).
Future challenges of the Walmart and strategies to resolve these issues
The company will face various key challenges and risks to attain its future objectives and
goals across the world. The Wal-Mart stores are not neat and clean thus, the company will not be
able to increases the sale of the products and services in the world. As a result, the company will
have to bear a lot of loss in the global market (Gunter, Hall, and Apple, 2017). The company will
have to integrate its digital services with physical stores across the world. Further, the company
will face various other issues such as low wages, sex discrimination, and poor working
environment. In addition, the company is imposing restrictions on the suppliers thus it is a major
issue of the company (Wolfe and Pyrooz, 2014). Along with this, Walmart will try to grow in the
universal market, therefore; various challenges will be faced by the firm. Culture issue will also
be faced by the firm in near future. There is a change in tastes; preferences and needs of the
customers, therefore, it will become a great challenge for the company. As a result, market risk
will be faced by the company. Threats of substitutes can be a bigger challenge for the firm in
near future. The competitors can also affect the success and growth of the Walmart in near
future. Threats of new entrants can also affect the business activities and operations of the firm
negatively around the world. In this way, various challenges would be faced by the company in
near future (Gordon, 2014).
12

Strategic management and leadership
The company uses various strategies, plans and policies to overcome these challenges and risks.
The company can evaluate and measure the future risk and challenges by using effective plans
and strategies within the organization (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung, 2016). The company
should focus on the needs, requirements, and expectations of the consumers to gain the profit and
revenue in the global market. It should monitor and improve the organizational culture to
increase the working capacity of the workers. The company must develop and enhance the
effective organizational structure to attract more customers in the international market. Various
campaigns and programs must be conducted by the company to meet the success and growth of
the firm. Along with this, innovative and new technologies must be used by the Walmart to
increase the number of customers around the world. Effective planning should be done by the
company to eliminate the future risk and challenges in the organization (Geer-Frazier, 2014).
Further, various growth and business level strategies could be used by the firm to
enhance and increase the sale of the corporation. In addition, marketing mix strategies must be
used by the firm to reduce the future key challenges and risk around the world (Haiven, 2014).
Along with this, Pestle analysis and porter five model must be used by the company to evaluate
and measure the various external factors of the organization. Walmart should identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the firm to beat the competitors in the global market (Asiedu, 2015).
Apart from this, various promotional and advertisement strategies should be used by the
company to increase and maximize the sales and revenue of the company. The company must
focus on the sustainable human resource management to make the effective rules and policies in
an organization. Further, Wal-Mart must maintain sustainability and corporate social
responsibility to increase the shareholder value and net worth. In this way, the company can
reduce and eliminate all these challenges and risk of the market in near future ( Haiven, 2014).
Conclusion
The report is based on the Walmart Company and it explains the growth and success of
the firm in the global market. Further, it describes the various key challenges and risks which are
faced by the company around the world. On the above discussion, it has been concluded that
Wal-Mart is one of the largest companies in the retail industry. The company is making effective
13

Strategic management and leadership
and unique position in the universal market. Further, the company uses effective human resource
management and organizational structure to maximize success and minimize the extra cost of the
grocery products and services. Further, Pestle analysis and SWOT analysis are used by the
Walmart to analyze and evaluate the competitors around the world. Further, core competencies
and core values also play a significant role in order to determine the course of actions of the firm.
In this way, the company is becoming a leading organization in the retail industry to attract more
customers in the global world. In addition, various policies and strategies are used by the
company to explore and flourish its business operations and activities globally. The company
must focus on it marketing and business level strategies to gain long term success and growth in
the market. In this way, the company can beat the competitors around the world.
14

Strategic management and leadership
References
1. Asiedu, E., 2015. A critical Assessment of the Strategic Position of Melcom within the
Retail Industry in Ghana. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 4,
p.137.
2. Bjelland, O.M. and Wood, R.C., 2015. To nurture transformational technology, build a
community like Sam Walton’s. Strategy & Leadership, 43(2), pp.41-46.
3. Blackwell, R. and Eppler, D., 2014. An Approach to Strategic Situation Analysis: Using
Models as Analytical Tools. Journal of Global Business Management, 10(1), p.80.
4. Carden, A., Courtemanche, C. and Meiners, J., 2009. Walmart and Values: Painting the
Town Red?. Business and Politics, 11(2), pp.1-16.
5. Elder, S.D.W., 2016. Assessing the impacts of retail supply chains on food security and
agricultural sustainability in the global South: the case of Walmart in
Nicaragua (Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia).
6. Fernie, J., Fernie, S. and Moore, C., 2015. Principles of retailing. Routledge.
7. Flamholtz, E.G. and Randle, Y., 2012. Corporate culture, business models, competitive
advantage, strategic assets and the bottom line: Theoretical and measurement
issues. Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, 16(2), pp.76-94.
8. Galpin, T., Whitttington, J.L. and Bell, G., 2015. Is your sustainability strategy
sustainable? Creating a culture of sustainability. Corporate Governance, 15(1), pp.1-17.
9. Geer-Frazier, B., 2014. Complexity leadership generates innovation, learning, and
adaptation of the organization. Emergence: Complexity and Organization, 16(3), p.105.
10. Glanz, K., Bader, M.D. and Iyer, S., 2012. Retail grocery store marketing strategies and
obesity: an integrative review. American journal of preventive medicine, 42(5), pp.503-
512.
11. Gordon, P., 2014. The Two Walmarts. In Corporate social responsibility in the global
business world (pp. 207-217). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
15

Strategic management and leadership
12. Grosse-Ruyken, P.T., Wagner, S.M. and Jönke, R., 2011. What is the right cash
conversion cycle for your supply chain?. International Journal of Services and
Operations Management, 10(1), pp.13-29.
13. Gunter, H.M., Hall, D. and Apple, M.W., 2017. Corporate elites and the reform of public
education. Policy Press.
14. Haiven, M., 2014. Cultures of financialization. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
15. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an
integrated approach. Cengage Learning.
16. Isberg, S. and Pitta, D., 2013. Using financial analysis to assess brand equity. Journal of
Product & Brand Management, 22(1), pp.65-78.
17. Joyce Stuart, H., 2011. An identity-based approach to the sustainable corporate
brand. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 16(2), pp.139-149.
18. Ken, I., 2014. Profit in the food desert: Walmart stakes its claim. Theory in Action, 7(4),
p.13.
19. Lombardo, J. (2017). Walmart: Organizational Structure & Organizational
Culture. Panmore Institute.
20. Lombardo, J., 2017. Walmart: Organizational Structure & Organizational
Culture. Panmore Institute.
21. Marcilla, L.B., 2014. Business analysis for Wal-Mart, a grocery retail chain, and
improvement proposals.
22. Michelson, H.C., 2013. Small farmers, NGOs, and a Walmart world: welfare effects of
supermarkets operating in Nicaragua. American Journal of Agricultural
Economics, 95(3), pp.628-649.
23. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015. Strategic international
management. Springer.
24. Okoro, E., 2012. Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward
a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion. International journal of
business and management, 7(16), p.130.
25. Paauwe, J., 2009. HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and
prospects. Journal of Management studies, 46(1), pp.129-142.
16

Strategic management and leadership
26. Philippon, T., 2012. Finance vs. Walmart: Why are Financial services so
Expensive?. Rethinking Finance,” A. Blinder, A. Lo and R. Solow (eds).
27. Prieto, L.C., Phipps, S.T. and Addae, I.Y., 2014. Is Wal-Mart a social enterprise? An
exploration of the relationship between corporate reputation, corporate social
responsibility & financial performance. Academy of Strategic Management
Journal, 13(2), p.51.
28. Rothenberg, S., Hull, C.E. and Tang, Z., 2017. The impact of human resource
management on corporate social performance strengths and concerns. Business &
Society, 56(3), pp.391-418.
29. Sánchez, R.R., 2013. The Complex Political Economy of Natural Capitalism: The Case
of Whole Foods, Stonyfield Farms, and Walmart. Online Journal of Communication and
Media Technologies, 3(3), p.178.
30. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016. Globalizing human resource
management. Routledge.
31. Stankevičiūtė, E., Grunda, R. and Bartkus, E.V., 2012. Pursuing a cost leadership strategy
and business sustainability objectives: Walmart case study. Economics and
Management, 17(3), pp.1200-1206.
32. Tombs, S. and Whyte, D., 2015. The corporate criminal: Why corporations must be
abolished. Routledge.
33. van Tulder, R., 2015. Getting all motives right: a holistic approach to internationalization
motives of companies. The Multinational Business Review, 23(1), pp.36-56.
34. Wolfe, S.E. and Pyrooz, D.C., 2014. Rolling back prices and raising crime rates? The
Walmart effect on crime in the United States. British Journal of Criminology, 54(2),
pp.199-221.
17