Strategic Planning Individual Report on Tesco's Strategy
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This individual report provides a detailed analysis of Tesco's strategic planning process. It begins with an introduction to strategic management and defines its importance for business success. The report then outlines the process organizations use to determine their strategy, emphasizing the role of goal setting, analysis, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. A significant portion of the report focuses on evaluating the impact of both internal and external environmental variations on Tesco's strategy, utilizing SWOT and PESTLE analyses to examine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Finally, the report discusses Tesco's strategic plan, highlighting key considerations for achieving growth and maintaining a competitive advantage. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and recommendations for Tesco's future strategic direction.

Strategic Planning
Individual Report
Individual Report
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
An introduction including a definition of strategic management...........................................1
Explain the process used by organisations to determine their strategy..................................2
Evaluation of the impact of internal and external environmental variation on organisational
strategy...................................................................................................................................3
Discuss the organisational strategic plan................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
An introduction including a definition of strategic management...........................................1
Explain the process used by organisations to determine their strategy..................................2
Evaluation of the impact of internal and external environmental variation on organisational
strategy...................................................................................................................................3
Discuss the organisational strategic plan................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

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INTRODUCTION
The strategic planning is explained is the procedure in which the leaders of the business
enterprise identify the vision for the future development and growth of the organisation in order
to complete the goals in objectives the business organisation. This is defined as the process
which includes the introduction of the sequence in which the goals has to be achieved and the
company is able to reach its stated vision. It is very significant for every business enterprise plan
in advance which includes from the term goals to long-term goals. The strategic plan in place a
significant role in every business enterprise in order to achieve the growth and success so that the
employs can work in an effective and efficient manner. Organisation which is taken for this
report is Tesco. This is the multinational company situated in London. It is considered as the
largest supermarket in grocery retailer. The company was established in 1919(Kurpiela, and
Teuteberg, 2022). This report will include the various topics such as the introduction of the
strategic management, the process which is used by the company in order to determine the
strategy, internal and external environment and its impact on the strategy and at last it will
include a strategic plan.
MAIN BODY
An introduction including a definition of strategic management.
The strategic management is defined as the planning in advance for the business
organization that how they will how they will use the various resources in order to achieve the
goals and objectives effectively. Please try to check management requires the evaluation of the
various internal and external factors which can impact in their business operations in the various
activities. It is very significant for every business enterprise to have a practice in strategic
management so that they can achieve this routine success. Strategic management helps the
business organization in achieving its objectives effectively. If the company is planning and
making the strategies in order to get the best services it is customers then this impacts on the
branding of the business organization. Also, the strategic management assist in giving the
competitive advantage to the enterprise because the management will provide with being aware
of the changing in dynamic market and adopting the new strategies. The strategic planning also
includes the implementation within the structure and adopting new technologies so that the
company is able to attract customers in effective way. This place an important role within the
1
The strategic planning is explained is the procedure in which the leaders of the business
enterprise identify the vision for the future development and growth of the organisation in order
to complete the goals in objectives the business organisation. This is defined as the process
which includes the introduction of the sequence in which the goals has to be achieved and the
company is able to reach its stated vision. It is very significant for every business enterprise plan
in advance which includes from the term goals to long-term goals. The strategic plan in place a
significant role in every business enterprise in order to achieve the growth and success so that the
employs can work in an effective and efficient manner. Organisation which is taken for this
report is Tesco. This is the multinational company situated in London. It is considered as the
largest supermarket in grocery retailer. The company was established in 1919(Kurpiela, and
Teuteberg, 2022). This report will include the various topics such as the introduction of the
strategic management, the process which is used by the company in order to determine the
strategy, internal and external environment and its impact on the strategy and at last it will
include a strategic plan.
MAIN BODY
An introduction including a definition of strategic management.
The strategic management is defined as the planning in advance for the business
organization that how they will how they will use the various resources in order to achieve the
goals and objectives effectively. Please try to check management requires the evaluation of the
various internal and external factors which can impact in their business operations in the various
activities. It is very significant for every business enterprise to have a practice in strategic
management so that they can achieve this routine success. Strategic management helps the
business organization in achieving its objectives effectively. If the company is planning and
making the strategies in order to get the best services it is customers then this impacts on the
branding of the business organization. Also, the strategic management assist in giving the
competitive advantage to the enterprise because the management will provide with being aware
of the changing in dynamic market and adopting the new strategies. The strategic planning also
includes the implementation within the structure and adopting new technologies so that the
company is able to attract customers in effective way. This place an important role within the
1
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business organisation and helps in achieving the growth. The strategic management is related to
the planning in managing the several functions within the organisation. It is very important for
the business organisation to control the various strategies in being competitive(Hanlon, 2019).
Explain the process used by organisations to determine their strategy
It is very significant for every business enterprise to determine the strategy and effectively
so that the company can achieve goals in objectives. Determining the strategy play the important
role by serving the best with customers. There are various procedures used by the business
organisation in order to be competitive.(Nematpour, Khodadadi, and Rezaei, 2021). In context of
the Tesco companies adopting the babies cost leadership and its business strategy so that it can
have a cost advantage. This is considered as the most effective strategy for the business
organisation and this and answers in the season of any of the company. The process which is
utilised by the enterprise in order to determine the strategy which is mentioned below:
Goal setting- This is the most vital phase in laying out the objectives and targets for the
strategies which should be taken on by the business association to be powerful and proficiently.
While making the essential arrangement this is most significant where the association need to set
clear goals for making development and progress. Here the vision and Mission should be
clear(Cardoni, and et.al., 2018) Analysis- this is considered as the critical stage for the business association where the
association must investigate the gathered data. It is vital that the data and information is
examined to embrace the right technique for the development of the business
undertaking. It is fundamental for direct the inner and outside climate which might
influence the objectives and goals of the business organisation.(Galli, 2020). Strategy formulation- this is the third move toward the cycle where shaping the
methodology is to audit the data from the examination. This phase of the cycle
incorporates the plan of the different re-emerges which are helpful for the business
association. The business s undertaking must distinguish the assets from the outside
climate which can help in accomplishing objectives and targets actually and productively.
Strategy implementation- It is vital for the fruitful execution of the system for the progress of the
business association. Coordinating the general work with the ongoing construction of the
2
the planning in managing the several functions within the organisation. It is very important for
the business organisation to control the various strategies in being competitive(Hanlon, 2019).
Explain the process used by organisations to determine their strategy
It is very significant for every business enterprise to determine the strategy and effectively
so that the company can achieve goals in objectives. Determining the strategy play the important
role by serving the best with customers. There are various procedures used by the business
organisation in order to be competitive.(Nematpour, Khodadadi, and Rezaei, 2021). In context of
the Tesco companies adopting the babies cost leadership and its business strategy so that it can
have a cost advantage. This is considered as the most effective strategy for the business
organisation and this and answers in the season of any of the company. The process which is
utilised by the enterprise in order to determine the strategy which is mentioned below:
Goal setting- This is the most vital phase in laying out the objectives and targets for the
strategies which should be taken on by the business association to be powerful and proficiently.
While making the essential arrangement this is most significant where the association need to set
clear goals for making development and progress. Here the vision and Mission should be
clear(Cardoni, and et.al., 2018) Analysis- this is considered as the critical stage for the business association where the
association must investigate the gathered data. It is vital that the data and information is
examined to embrace the right technique for the development of the business
undertaking. It is fundamental for direct the inner and outside climate which might
influence the objectives and goals of the business organisation.(Galli, 2020). Strategy formulation- this is the third move toward the cycle where shaping the
methodology is to audit the data from the examination. This phase of the cycle
incorporates the plan of the different re-emerges which are helpful for the business
association. The business s undertaking must distinguish the assets from the outside
climate which can help in accomplishing objectives and targets actually and productively.
Strategy implementation- It is vital for the fruitful execution of the system for the progress of the
business association. Coordinating the general work with the ongoing construction of the
2

business organization is extremely sentential. The chiefs must take liabilities so representatives
can work really to accomplish the objectives and goals. Munguía-López, and et.al., 2021).
Evaluation and control- this is the last phase of the cycle where each association need to focus
in on the assessment of the technique which has been embraced by the business association to be
powerful and proficient. This incorporates estimating the outcomes with the arranged
methodologies by the business association.( Hassert, B., 2018)
Evaluation of the impact of internal and external environmental variation on organisational
strategy
It has been identified that the internal and external environment plays a key role in the structural
strategy. It is very vital for the organisation to recognise the internal and external factors
which can affect the business functions. In order to find the internal environment, the
organisation can use SWOT analysis which is discussed below;
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weaknesses
It has been identified that the Tesco
company is captured the British market
which is considered as the top retail
store in the United Kingdom. Its actual
revenue was 60 391 £1 million which is
both in the United Kingdom in Ireland.
(Hassert, 2018)
It is identified that as it applies play a
very vital role in the business
operations of the business organisation.
Considering the disco the company has
the could supply chain management
which helps in reducing the cost in
having a defective and efficient
management system school and
The change within its clubcard without
informing its customers. This made the
loss for the organisation in loosing the
customers and they shifted to some
other brands. The customers were angry
and not satisfied by this strategy of
Tesco which was not a good sign for
the company. (Carmichael, and
O’Brien, 2020).
The Brexit has been affecting the
performant of the business organisation
where Tesco is able to make less profit
because of the Brexit move. The market
share price of the company has declined
by approximately 9 percent.
3
can work really to accomplish the objectives and goals. Munguía-López, and et.al., 2021).
Evaluation and control- this is the last phase of the cycle where each association need to focus
in on the assessment of the technique which has been embraced by the business association to be
powerful and proficient. This incorporates estimating the outcomes with the arranged
methodologies by the business association.( Hassert, B., 2018)
Evaluation of the impact of internal and external environmental variation on organisational
strategy
It has been identified that the internal and external environment plays a key role in the structural
strategy. It is very vital for the organisation to recognise the internal and external factors
which can affect the business functions. In order to find the internal environment, the
organisation can use SWOT analysis which is discussed below;
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths Weaknesses
It has been identified that the Tesco
company is captured the British market
which is considered as the top retail
store in the United Kingdom. Its actual
revenue was 60 391 £1 million which is
both in the United Kingdom in Ireland.
(Hassert, 2018)
It is identified that as it applies play a
very vital role in the business
operations of the business organisation.
Considering the disco the company has
the could supply chain management
which helps in reducing the cost in
having a defective and efficient
management system school and
The change within its clubcard without
informing its customers. This made the
loss for the organisation in loosing the
customers and they shifted to some
other brands. The customers were angry
and not satisfied by this strategy of
Tesco which was not a good sign for
the company. (Carmichael, and
O’Brien, 2020).
The Brexit has been affecting the
performant of the business organisation
where Tesco is able to make less profit
because of the Brexit move. The market
share price of the company has declined
by approximately 9 percent.
3
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objectives
Opportunities Threats
The Tesco has launched a new store by
the name of the Jacks and the
organisation is performing well. This is
the opportunity for the Tesco to grow
its market with low cost rivals.
Although the company has expanded its
business operations in other 14
countries. But there are some emerging
markets such as Turkey, south Korea
and Indonesia. Tesco can expand the
market in these countries in order to
grow. (Perlmutter, 2019)
There are various national economic
factors such as taxations, credit,
government rules and regulations which
are measured as a serious threat to the
growth and recital of the Tesco.
There is the threat of the competitors such as
Sainsbury, Walmart etc. (Dutta, and et.al.,
2018)
From the past identification of the internal environment of the day school has been analysed that
the effort to video status which can impact the strategy of the business organisation. It is very
essential for the company to overcome with its weakness in order to adopt the new strategies and
attract customers in effective way. As these supplies please available in the business operation
with strategy to be strong and competitive for the disco. It is very important for the organisation
to focus on the cost heater to shit strategy to attract customers and also beat it straight and focus
on the objectives of the basis of the competitive advantage in a effectively way.
In order to analyse the impact of the external environment the business organisation can
consider the PESTLE analysis which is the tool in order to identify the various factors which can
impact the business operations. The PESTLE analysis of the TESCO is discussed below;
Political- This is the element which is connected with the degree to which government
strategies might meddle the business tasks and its different exercises. Such factors
4
Opportunities Threats
The Tesco has launched a new store by
the name of the Jacks and the
organisation is performing well. This is
the opportunity for the Tesco to grow
its market with low cost rivals.
Although the company has expanded its
business operations in other 14
countries. But there are some emerging
markets such as Turkey, south Korea
and Indonesia. Tesco can expand the
market in these countries in order to
grow. (Perlmutter, 2019)
There are various national economic
factors such as taxations, credit,
government rules and regulations which
are measured as a serious threat to the
growth and recital of the Tesco.
There is the threat of the competitors such as
Sainsbury, Walmart etc. (Dutta, and et.al.,
2018)
From the past identification of the internal environment of the day school has been analysed that
the effort to video status which can impact the strategy of the business organisation. It is very
essential for the company to overcome with its weakness in order to adopt the new strategies and
attract customers in effective way. As these supplies please available in the business operation
with strategy to be strong and competitive for the disco. It is very important for the organisation
to focus on the cost heater to shit strategy to attract customers and also beat it straight and focus
on the objectives of the basis of the competitive advantage in a effectively way.
In order to analyse the impact of the external environment the business organisation can
consider the PESTLE analysis which is the tool in order to identify the various factors which can
impact the business operations. The PESTLE analysis of the TESCO is discussed below;
Political- This is the element which is connected with the degree to which government
strategies might meddle the business tasks and its different exercises. Such factors
4
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incorporate exchange arrangements, exchange limitations, taxes and so forth it has been
recognized that the Brexit move has affected the Tesco is multiple ways. It is extremely
fundamental for the advertisers to know about the arrangements which is changing which
can influence the business association.( Li, H., An, N. and Liu, J., 2021) Economical- This is the component which is connected with the immediate effect of the
exhibition inside the economy over the business activities. Such factors incorporate tax
collection, expansion rates and so on it has been recognized that there was an adverse
consequence of the pandemic as there was high pace of expansion inside the economy
which has made expansion in the costs of the items and this has decline the interest inside
the clients. Because of this the Tesco organization was affected Social- This is the element which is connected with the latest thing in the general public
which has an impact over the business association and its functional exercises. Such
factors incorporate way of life, mentality, conduct of individuals. It is exceptionally
fundamental component where the advertiser need to examine the different part of
individuals and their way of life to fulfil their necessities and requests. This variables
assumes a significant part for the association.(Andrade, and et.al., 2018) Technological - This is the element which is connected with the development and
envelopment inside the world which can impact the business tasks and its exercises. Such
factors incorporate digitalisation, mechanization and so on the Tesco should zero in on
the web-based administrations where the clients don't need to remain in that frame of
mind for extended periods for their charging. After the pandemic it is exceptionally
fundamental that the organization give the web-based serves in a more compelling
manner to draw in clients. It is vital that the advertisers are taking on the new
advancements to draw in customers(Kazanskaya, and et.al., 2021) Legal- this is the component which is connected with the different regulations inside the
country which has an impact over the business hierarchical and its tasks. Such factors
incorporate work regulations, security regulations and so on it is extremely fundamental
for the Tesco organization to observe the specific guidelines inside the assembled
Kingdom where the organization actually must zero in on the well-being regulations for
the representatives. This is fundamental to keep away from any severe activities from the
public authority approve which can be effective for the Tesco.
5
recognized that the Brexit move has affected the Tesco is multiple ways. It is extremely
fundamental for the advertisers to know about the arrangements which is changing which
can influence the business association.( Li, H., An, N. and Liu, J., 2021) Economical- This is the component which is connected with the immediate effect of the
exhibition inside the economy over the business activities. Such factors incorporate tax
collection, expansion rates and so on it has been recognized that there was an adverse
consequence of the pandemic as there was high pace of expansion inside the economy
which has made expansion in the costs of the items and this has decline the interest inside
the clients. Because of this the Tesco organization was affected Social- This is the element which is connected with the latest thing in the general public
which has an impact over the business association and its functional exercises. Such
factors incorporate way of life, mentality, conduct of individuals. It is exceptionally
fundamental component where the advertiser need to examine the different part of
individuals and their way of life to fulfil their necessities and requests. This variables
assumes a significant part for the association.(Andrade, and et.al., 2018) Technological - This is the element which is connected with the development and
envelopment inside the world which can impact the business tasks and its exercises. Such
factors incorporate digitalisation, mechanization and so on the Tesco should zero in on
the web-based administrations where the clients don't need to remain in that frame of
mind for extended periods for their charging. After the pandemic it is exceptionally
fundamental that the organization give the web-based serves in a more compelling
manner to draw in clients. It is vital that the advertisers are taking on the new
advancements to draw in customers(Kazanskaya, and et.al., 2021) Legal- this is the component which is connected with the different regulations inside the
country which has an impact over the business hierarchical and its tasks. Such factors
incorporate work regulations, security regulations and so on it is extremely fundamental
for the Tesco organization to observe the specific guidelines inside the assembled
Kingdom where the organization actually must zero in on the well-being regulations for
the representatives. This is fundamental to keep away from any severe activities from the
public authority approve which can be effective for the Tesco.
5

Environmental- This is the variable which is connected with the encompassing which
can fuchsine the business association and its functional exercises. Such factors
incorporate environment, atmospheric conditions, maintainability and so on the
organisation must embrace the economical improvement so it isn't influencing the climate
in view of the different assembling cycle of the business organisation.(Bell, 2019)
Discuss the organisational strategic plan
As the strategic plan which has been discussed in states that it is very to review on the
strategies which has been planned in order to stop the competitive and achieve the success in
growth within the business organisation. It has been concluded that the company can take to
several measures of the planning of the business organisation. It is also been planned that in
order to reduce the cost of the products can help the company in attracting the like take a
customers. It is very important to review on the strategies which has been adopted not to increase
the sales in the past years. It is very important that the company can bring the change in the
internal environmental weakness. In context of the Tesco the supply chain management is
effective and increase the sales of the company. The management plays an important role in the
operation and activities which helps in achieving their vision and mission(Martyanov, 2018).
6
can fuchsine the business association and its functional exercises. Such factors
incorporate environment, atmospheric conditions, maintainability and so on the
organisation must embrace the economical improvement so it isn't influencing the climate
in view of the different assembling cycle of the business organisation.(Bell, 2019)
Discuss the organisational strategic plan
As the strategic plan which has been discussed in states that it is very to review on the
strategies which has been planned in order to stop the competitive and achieve the success in
growth within the business organisation. It has been concluded that the company can take to
several measures of the planning of the business organisation. It is also been planned that in
order to reduce the cost of the products can help the company in attracting the like take a
customers. It is very important to review on the strategies which has been adopted not to increase
the sales in the past years. It is very important that the company can bring the change in the
internal environmental weakness. In context of the Tesco the supply chain management is
effective and increase the sales of the company. The management plays an important role in the
operation and activities which helps in achieving their vision and mission(Martyanov, 2018).
6
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CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that this is very important for every
business organisation to have a strategy and planning it once in order to achieve it in an effective
manner. As in context of the Tesco it is very significant for the business enterprise to imply
meant its strategies in order to attract the large set of customers. The internal and external
environment plays a major film identifying the strategies and the growth for the company.
Strategic management is defined as the various activities which has been controlled by the
managers so that the company can be achieved the competitive advantage. It is also been placed
at the process of the strategic planning which need to be considered by the company then
effectively. The analysis suggests that there are various factors which can impact the
organisation and by the strategic planning the various factors can be controlled.
7
From the above report it has been concluded that this is very important for every
business organisation to have a strategy and planning it once in order to achieve it in an effective
manner. As in context of the Tesco it is very significant for the business enterprise to imply
meant its strategies in order to attract the large set of customers. The internal and external
environment plays a major film identifying the strategies and the growth for the company.
Strategic management is defined as the various activities which has been controlled by the
managers so that the company can be achieved the competitive advantage. It is also been placed
at the process of the strategic planning which need to be considered by the company then
effectively. The analysis suggests that there are various factors which can impact the
organisation and by the strategic planning the various factors can be controlled.
7
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Appendix
The business plan for the strategic planning for the Tesco company.
Overview- Tesco is the organisation which is the largest supermarket within the United
Kingdom. It is very important for eta Tesco company to make the different strategic
planning in order to have growth and success of the organisation.
objectives- the main aim of the organisation is to increase the sales of the company by
adopting cost leadership.
Products and services- the various products or services of eta company can be made
more effective where the company can focus on the quality of the food products and
maintain the variety of the products so that they are able to attract customers in an
effective way.
Market analysis- It is very important for the organisation to identify the taste and
preference so customers and this includes market analysis for the company in order to
gain competitive advantage.
Marketing strategy- the company can adopt the marketing strategy as the market
development in order to increase its market share. This is the most effective strategy for
the Tesco in order to achieve growth and success in an effective manner.
Financial planning- this is most important where the company need to plan from where
it will allocate its resources in order to conduct the business organisational activities in an
effective manner.
8
The business plan for the strategic planning for the Tesco company.
Overview- Tesco is the organisation which is the largest supermarket within the United
Kingdom. It is very important for eta Tesco company to make the different strategic
planning in order to have growth and success of the organisation.
objectives- the main aim of the organisation is to increase the sales of the company by
adopting cost leadership.
Products and services- the various products or services of eta company can be made
more effective where the company can focus on the quality of the food products and
maintain the variety of the products so that they are able to attract customers in an
effective way.
Market analysis- It is very important for the organisation to identify the taste and
preference so customers and this includes market analysis for the company in order to
gain competitive advantage.
Marketing strategy- the company can adopt the marketing strategy as the market
development in order to increase its market share. This is the most effective strategy for
the Tesco in order to achieve growth and success in an effective manner.
Financial planning- this is most important where the company need to plan from where
it will allocate its resources in order to conduct the business organisational activities in an
effective manner.
8

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Kurpiela, S. and Teuteberg, F., 2022. Strategic planning of product-service systems: A systematic
literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, p.130528.
Hanlon, A., 2019. Digital marketing: strategic planning & integration. Sage.
Cardoni, A., Tompson, G.H.J., Bartolacci, F. and Zanin, F., 2018. Strategic planning for value
creation in business networks: conceptual framework and theoretical
proposals. Strategic planning for value creation in business networks: conceptual
framework and theoretical proposals, pp.17-44.
Munguía-López, A.D.C., Sánchez-Bautista, A.D.F., El-Halwagi, M.M. and Ponce-Ortega, J.M.,
2021. Strategic Planning of an Integrated Fuel Production System with a Fair-
Sustainable Approach. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 9(14), pp.5116-
5127.
Hassert, B., 2018. Bridging the strategy-execution gap: Strategic planning in times of
change. Journal of Airport Management, 13(1), pp.17-30.
Dutta, G., Gupta, N., Mandal, J. and Tiwari, M.K., 2018. New decision support system for
strategic planning in process industries: Computational results. Computers & Industrial
Engineering, 124, pp.36-47.
Li, H., An, N. and Liu, J., 2021. Strategic planning, strategy map and management control: a case
study. Nankai Business Review International.
Kazanskaya, A.Y., Makarenya, T.A., Nalesnaya, Y.A. and Stash, S.V., 2021. Cognitive Modelling
As A Tool For Strategic Planning Of An Industrial Development.
Martyanov, A., 2018. Losing military supremacy: The myopia of American strategic planning.
SCB Distributors.
Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M. and Rezaei, N., 2021. Systematic analysis of development in
Iran’s tourism market in the form of future study: A new method of strategic planning.
Futures, 125, p.102650
Hassert, B., 2018. Bridging the strategy-execution gap: Strategic planning in times of change.
Journal of Airport Management, 13(1), pp.17-30.
Perlmutter, D.D., 2019. How to Manage the Strategic-Planning Process. The Chronicle of Higher
Education, 66(6), pp.A36-A36.
Andrade, and et.al., 2018. Space–time variability of citrus leprosis as strategic planning for crop
management. Pest management science, 74(8), pp.1798-1803.
Bell, R.E., 2019. Strategic Planning in Agricultural Cooperatives: Riceland Foods, Inc. In
Competitive Strategy Analysis for Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives (pp. 3-14). CRC
Press.
Galli, B.J., 2020. Using marketing to implement a strategic plan: Reflection of practiced literature.
In Start-Ups and SMEs: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1518-
1532). IGI Global.
Carmichael, D.L. and O’Brien, D., 2020. How to engage in departmental strategic planning. In
Roberts Academic Medicine Handbook (pp. 421-426). Springer, Cham.
Ahmadi, M. and Abadi, M.Q.H., 2020. A review of using object-orientation properties of C++ for
designing expert system in strategic planning. Computer Science Review, 37, p.100282.
Soulard, J., Knollenberg, W., Boley, B.B., Perdue, R.R. and McGehee, N.G., 2018. Social capital
and destination strategic planning. Tourism Management, 69, pp.189-200.
9
Books and Journals
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