Understanding Bullying: Contributing Factors and Effective Strategies

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of bullying among adolescents, defining it as a significant public health issue with lasting consequences. It delves into the various factors that contribute to bullying, including individual characteristics like aggression and physical strength, as well as environmental factors such as witnessing abuse and peer pressure. The essay also explores the impact of bullying on victims, bullies, and bully-victims, highlighting the potential for long-term negative health outcomes. Furthermore, the essay discusses strategies to overcome bullying, emphasizing the importance of identifying the root causes of bullying behavior, implementing bullying prevention efforts in schools, and creating supportive environments for adolescents. It also acknowledges the complexities of cyberbullying and the need for specific policies to address online harassment. The essay underscores the importance of addressing bullying through a multi-faceted approach involving parents, teachers, and the community.

Assignment
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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Requirements...................................................................................................................................3
Discussion on factors contribute to bullying...............................................................................5
Strategies to overcome bullying problem among adolescent......................................................7
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
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Introduction
Bullying among children and adolescents is one of the important public problem globally
but unfolded appropriately. It is kind of prevalent in all societies, from ancient civilization to
modern community and considered an evolutionary adaptation with specific purpose of gaining
high level of dominance, securing survival, reducing stress level. Bullying among adolescent will
be developing a negative perception which may causes one person to another. Sometimes,
bullying can be categorised on the basis of physical, psychological manner. It perceived power
imbalance between victim, an intent to cause fear and harm an individual people. This
assignment will discuss about the different factors contribute to bullying problem world-wide
with serious immediate and lifelong consequences. Moreover, it will discuss an appropriate
strategies to overcome bullying problem among adolescent.
Requirements
Overview of Bullying among adolescents
Bullying occurs when using words, actions are repeatedly to harm someone well-being.
There are times it can accidentally occurs bullying. It is necessary aspect to understand that
bullying has become deliberate behaviour. Its purpose to make someone feel threatened,
intimidates. The extant research has explained the victim of bullying which have identified the
overall rates of school absenteeism. Before taking any actions, it is important to understand the
type of bullying. Because every action depends on the certain condition or situation.
Traditionally, it would conduct a research on the bullying and find the major role of
harassment, victimization and related to the social issues (Besnili and Tanrikulu, 2021). Several
kind of investigation have represented the actual meaning of bullying and also examine the
experience of subgroups. In recently, there are lot of cases identified related to the bullying
among adolescents. That’s why, it is important to define the bullying type and its major
consequences among adolescents health condition.
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Bullying is widely acknowledged as serious health problem or issue concern, which
affects adolescent, children across global world. According to the survey, it has found that
bullying behaviour is major public health problem so that it is needed to eliminate or remove
within society. Nowadays, it has been rapidly increasingly the demand of coordination,
collaboration and interaction with adolescent who has already experienced bullying in their daily
lives.
On the other hand, bullying is form of multifaceted to represent mistreatment as social
issues, mostly seen in schools, workplace. It can be identified the different forms and repeated
exposure of one person to physical, emotional aggression (Dwiningrum, Wahab and Haryanto,
2020). It involves threats, harassment, social exclusion, hazing and taunting. Health is defined by
WHO as state of physical as well as mental condition of adolescent and children who have
experience of bullying. There are variety of consequences occurs due to the bullying. Especially,
an involvement of body, if a one children can harm physical ways to another adolescent. In this
way, it has increased the odds of developing health problems such as depression, sleeplessness,
anxiety, poor eating habits and suicidal behaviour or attitude.
A major consequences of bullying can also extend to adulthood and demonstrated in
several manner. Similarly, Children with health problem arises such as hearing, visual
impairment, eating disorder, obesity etc. these are happening due to the risk of bullying and
victimisation in school. Different kind of medical symptoms are resulting physiological changes
associated with condition of bullying. Afterwards, it was declare bullying as public health
problem. So as, it is needed for health care professionals to address certain kind of bullying
among adolescent.
On the basis of evidence, it explore whether occurs face to face bullying, cyber-bullying
and teacher’s bullying. These are associated with mental health condition of adolescent, indicate
that psychological perceptions of child’s are affected majorly. This is the strongest association
with mental health problem for both men and women (Manolchev and Lewis, 2021). Another
way, it relates to the other form of bullying. Significantly the consequences of bullying was
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identified among girl adolescent, although, experience of physical bullying which may increases
a situation of mental problems.
Discussion on factors contribute to bullying
Bullies, victims and bully-victims are considered at risk of developing a negative health
result or outcome in both long term & short term such as depression, Low self-esteem,
delinquency, borderline personality, poor academic achievement. Bullying can happen regularly
and randomly (Hicks, Jennings and Green, 2018). Bullying victims are bullied regularly which
means that predict reason behind this complex situation. For example- In school, children’s are
bullying by teacher and other staff members. In fact, it may not even find initial few acts of
bullying.
There are various individual and peer factors increases a lot of risk for involvement in
context of bullying. Anti-bullying intervention are also considered the pre-dominantly school
based and also demonstrate variable result or outcome.
Bullying is based on the unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that
involves real, perceived power imbalance. There are different kind of bullies exist in society,
some bullies are popular and longer (Harlos and Knoll, 2021). As a result, there is no one single
cause of bullying. Instead a host of factors put children at risk for bullying. Here are explained
the different factors which contribute to the bullying among children & adolescent.
Acting with aggression- Many adolescent have poor impulse control in their aggressive
behavior and quick temper. Rather than using Reasoning, it can sort coercion as well as
dominance. It may directly hit & kick instead of using words. For example- in school, other
children’s are taking some advantage of aggressive behavior adolescent, majorly influences to do
harmful activities. In this way, it has identified that aggressive behavior common factor in the
contribution of bullying.
Physical strength to intimidate- this type of factor is contribute in the bullying because
many adolescent who use their size and their strength to get what they often resort of bullying.
Adolescent can control the complex situation or condition by making other children feel weak or
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power-less. For Example- The physically aggressive children is to get them to channel in context
of strength in healthier manner. For instance, Strong and powerful children can try to dominant
weak adolescent because of their strength, size. Sometimes, this kind of activity will directly
affecting the weak adolescent who are unable to manage or control situation.
Getting harassed by others- often adolescent bully others because they are being bullied.
Many adolescent are referred to as bully victim and suffer critical situation. It may arises painful
feelings for children who have already suffering from bullying. Nowadays, an Adolescent bullies
another ways thoroughly and investigate the situation (Seibel and Fehr, 2018). Frequently, many
children are engaging in the behavior and attitude of bullying. This factor is majorly contribute to
bullying and experienced by adolescent at every stage of life.
Witnessing and experiencing Abuse- Adolescent from abusive school, homes are likely to
bully than other children because of their aggression behavior, violence and manipulation. If in
case, an adolescent or children that are angry a lot, and lashing out at another children. This is
not automatically assume and consider worst situation but it may be increased the problem.
Sometimes, it may need more support and guidance than other disciplinary action for bullying
nature, behavior.
Additionally, Adolescence is a stage of development where it needed better support from
parents, teacher and others. In this phase, it obvious thing to establish a negative relationship,
lack of peer support are majorly establishing a risk factors in context of bullying behavior. By
interacting to children and discuss about their need or requirement. The same thing can also
occur for adolescents so that it is useful to reach out to friends, family. In context of bullying
behavior, emotional attachment can play important role because it can establish a strong bond
with family, friends. According to attachment theory, it is mainly focused on the behavior of
adolescents on regular basis, it will continue to interact and communicate in proper manner.
Many children’s feel so much stressed, upset and insecure (Rahm and et.al., 2019). Therefore, it
is important to establish a good coordination with adolescents and provide the better care or
compassion. Many parents may be experienced the situation of bullying in different forms. So as,
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they can easily understand their adolescents mental or physical state at the time of bullying. At
that time, it is important to keep monitor or track activities of adolescents. If any kind of
activities was found and then implement suitable actions. This can help to provide better
protection and also develop self-esteem, confidence level among adolescents.
Peer pressure could be contributing factor an adolescent may get bullied, if they are not
participate in any activities. Therefore, it is important role played by teacher, parents to teach
their children to understand the significance of pressure. It is being authentic to their views,
opinion belief values and assumptions. According to the studies, it has been examined the
adolescents, who has showing a bullying behaviors because their parents are not attached with
child in both emotional and physical manner. The causal behavior of parents are influences
adolescent to interact with outside people. In this situation, it will be increasing the condition of
bullying in different forms. For Example- Research has linked bullying behaviors of children due
to the exposure of violent TV shows, games. In this way, it is necessary thing to track or monitor
activity of child.
On the other hand, Bullying occurs because of others, who might have used their power
and social status for bullying someone else. In case, anti-bullying policies and procedures are
used against incidents of bullying. Some adolescents are being victimized increases their
participation within bullying behavior. In this way, it has reported low level of victimization
when it occurs bullying. It would require to support adolescent who may face a violence or
bullying behavior at school. Usually, it can easily identify the specific signs, symptoms of
bullying of what they are being exposed to. Sometimes, it can happen with adults, as it may be
victims of behavior bullying with different peoples.
Strategies to overcome bullying problem among adolescent
On the basis of research evidence, there is much more research focused on what are different
contributes to bullying behaviour than victimisation. The important aspect that refers bullying is
one of the imbalance power (Barcaccia and et.al., 2018). As such, perpetrating bullying is also
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related to attain, maintain own power. It often useful to represent the feeling of individual people
in context of low self-esteem and helplessness.
In recent times, there is nothing worse than identifying adolescent has been targeted by
bully. Large number of children have experienced entire range of emotions such as fear, pain,
anger and confusion. Even it may be found embarrassment. Regardless of what they are feeling,
overcoming bullying which requires immediate actions. Among adolescent, bullying has become
consider dangerous and life-threatening situation. Nobody can get away from bullying, which
may arise in different ways.
Here are explained the strategies to overcome bullying problem:-
Identify a clear reason behind bullying- usually, bullying occurs at every level which are
majorly identified among adolescent at school. To start with this strategy, it is needed to find
aggressive behaviour of children’s who will try to mis-use their strength. It is important to
exemplify through physical, relational, verbal or non-verbal relations. This is type of repeated
offense, even when a teacher or staff members observe thing it for first time.
Cyberbullying is also consider more complex problem because it is directly affecting on
mental as well as physical health condition of adolescent. This is because of many aggressive
children’s are using social media platform and sending a harassing messages to other adolescent.
In this situation, children’s feel so much stressed, upset and effecting on its health condition
(Calvo-Morata and Fernández-Manjón, 2020). At school premises, Staff member need to ensure
that bullying prevention efforts are implemented when it come cyberbullying. Moreover, it is
also designed and implemented suitable policies, rules where it can easily controlled bullying
situation.
Have open communication- Communication is key approach to establish strong
collaboration with victim of bullying. Teacher, parents and professionals are mainly used open
communication with adolescent, identify what they are feeling more open to talk about their
problem. Having a classroom meeting, it is one way to build that communication and discuss
with children regarding bullying condition. This type of strategy will support for adolescent
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where they can feel free to share all harassment with their known person. In this way, it can
easily identify the origin of bullying, otherwise many adolescent cannot share anything and
feeling so much stressed. This kind of situation will be developing a critical health condition.
By using strategy, it is important to encourage children’s where they can share incidents
that occurs. Reporting also help track or monitor individual incidents, responses so that can see,
if there is a trend occurs.
Engage parents- it is also consider an important strategy that help to overcome problem of
bullying among adolescent. There are many people involved in children’s lives. It is all impacts
on the individual people who can work together. The biggest differences can be made and
identified in a children’s life. Communication with parents about their adolescent behaviour,
whether they are receiving bullying condition. In most of cases, it has rapidly changing
behaviour of adolescent and examine poor health condition. So as, it is needed to teacher need to
build rapport with parents (Taliaferro, Doty and Rovito, 2020). Keeping parents informed about
their children friends, behaviour, attitude in school, it is important tool when it can easily
identifying behaviours. Working together, teacher and parents can provide better support for
children. Afterwards, It should be used the consistent approach to introduce with more
productive manner. Even it help adolescent recognise when another children is being bullied or
not.
Looking for warning signs- When any kind of bullying is occurring, there may be identified
warning sings such as stomachaches, difficulty sleeping, injuries, loss or destroyed self-esteem.
These are consider the different signs which means that identify a child’s bullied by other person.
In most of cases, children’s will try to avoid social situations such as talk of harming themselves.
This is only few of warning sign that indicate a children is being bullied.
It is important for teacher, staff members to break up incidents as they occurs. This can help
to separate the children involved so that it can easily gather real facts, it allows the school to fix
this situation while preventing it from occurs again. Bullying will rarely end right away, be
consistent and persistent about stopping. It is an essential aspect to follow procedure and reduce
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the consequences. Some adolescent needs more care so that it is necessary aspect to use
appropriate strategy against bullying.
Consider an outside counselling and guiding- in rare, bullying can affect the mental
health condition of adolescent or children in many different ways. So as, it is very important to
regaining self-confidence among children and require adapt suitable outside intervention. An
expert professional and counsellor have focused on the personality traits of adolescent but it may
identify the depression, thoughts of suicides. These are major consequences of bullying among
children’s at school, homes (Dwiningrum, Wahab and Haryanto, 2020). Even if it suspect the
child is fine, never under-estimate power of bullying. Adolescents have taken drastic measures to
escape his or her pain, if in case it causes including suicide without admitting hurt themselves. In
this situation, it will require to select an option of outside counselling which means that establish
an interaction with children, discuss about their problem or issue. It is one of the best strategy
that help to provide the right direction or path of children so that they can understand bullying
incident.
Conclusion
From above discussion, it has concluded that bullying is global threat to both mental as well
as physical health of adolescents. On the basis of evidence, it can measure, and record the need
which are untaken with multi-lateral collaboration of experts, policy makers and other
stakeholders. In this report, it has been summarised about the public health problem as bullying,
which is mainly exist among adolescents in society or community. On the basis of discussion, it
has described the purpose which make to someone feel threatened, intimidates. The extant
research has explained the victim of bullying. It can be identified different kind of factors
contribute to bullying. It involves, Acting with aggression, Physical strength to intimidate, Have
open communication. Analysing the factors which is always supported to represent the form of
bullying, if it occurs harassment incident among adolescents. Furthermore, it has explained the
different strategies that help to overcome critical situation for bullying incidents. As per analysis,
it can be determined the different strategies such as Have open communication, Identify a clear
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reason behind bullying. These kind of strategies plays important role to manage and control the
bullying among adolescents.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Barcaccia, B. and et.al., 2018. Forgiveness and friendship protect adolescent victims of bullying
from emotional maladjustment. Psicothema. 30(4). pp.427-433.
Besnili, Z.N. and Tanrikulu, I., 2021. Development and validation of the preschool peer bullying
scale-teacher form. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools. 31(1). pp.46-
62.
Calvo-Morata, A. and Fernández-Manjón, B., 2020. Serious games to prevent and detect
bullying and cyberbullying: A systematic serious games and literature review. Computers
& Education. 157. p.103958.
Dwiningrum, S.I.A., Wahab, N.A. and Haryanto, H., 2020. Creative Teaching Strategy to
Reduce Bullying in Schools. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and
Educational Research. 19(4). pp.343-355.
Harlos, K. and Knoll, M., 2021. Employee silence and workplace bullying. Pathways of Job-
related Negative Behaviour. pp.201-229.
Hicks, J., Jennings, L. and Green, D.A., 2018. Middle school bullying: Student reported
perceptions and prevalence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling. 4(3). pp.195-
208.
Manolchev, C. and Lewis, D., 2021. A tale of two trusts: case study analysis of bullying and
negative behaviours in the UK ambulance service. Public Money & Management. pp.1-8.
Rahm, G. and et.al., 2019. Workplace bullying among healthcare professionals in Sweden: a
descriptive study. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. 33(3). pp.582-591.
Seibel, L.M. and Fehr, F.C., 2018. They can crush you”: Nursing students’ experiences of
bullying and the role of faculty. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 8(6). pp.66-
76.
Taliaferro, L.A., Doty, J.L. and Rovito, M.J., 2020. Profiles of risk and protection for violence
and bullying perpetration among adolescent boys. Journal of school health. 90(3).
pp.212-223.
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