Structural Design Principles: A Comprehensive Project

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20 principles of structural design
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Table of Contents
LO1 Calculate bending moments and shear forces for simply supported steel and concrete beams.........3
P1 Determine the following by calculations and diagrams: bending moments and shear force in simply
supported steel beams with point loads and uniformly distributed loads..............................................3
Task A:.................................................................................................................................................3
Task B:.................................................................................................................................................4
Task C:.................................................................................................................................................6
Task D:.................................................................................................................................................7
Task E:..................................................................................................................................................9
P2 Discuss the statutory requirements to ensure safety in structural designs......................................10
M1 Produce valid factors of safety for live loads, dead loads and imposed loads using current codes of
practice and building regulations..........................................................................................................11
D1 Assess the most effective support method for a given scenario, in terms of ease and speed of
construction, economics, safety, and environmental factors................................................................12
LO2 Determine deflection for simply supported steel beams...................................................................13
P3 Determine deflection in simply supported steel beams with point loads and a uniformly distributed
load........................................................................................................................................................13
P4 Explain how deflection in beams affects structural stability.............................................................14
M2 Analyze different support methods and their effect on a deflection in fixed structures.................16
LO2/LO3: To Assess Support Methods in Construction.............................................................................17
(D)..........................................................................................................................................................17
LO3 Calculate the axial load carrying capacity of steel and reinforced concrete columns........................18
P5 Calculate the axial load carrying capacity of steel and reinforced concrete columns.......................18
P6 Determine the axial load carrying capacity of steel columns and reinforced concrete columns......19
(A):.....................................................................................................................................................19
(B):.....................................................................................................................................................19
M3 Analyze the load-carrying capacity, size, weight and corrosion resistance properties of different
materials used for beams and columns in fixed structures...................................................................20
LO4 Analyze the load-carrying capacity, size, weight and corrosion resistance properties of different
materials used for beams and columns in fixed structures.......................................................................20
P7 Develop a design solution, including beam design and column design, for a given scenario...........20
P8 Produce drawings and specifications in support of a structural design solution..............................21
M4 Evaluate the use of alternative material in achieving a design solution, discussing the benefits or
challenges associated............................................................................................................................21
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D3 Assess the use of Building Information modeling in the production of accurate structural design
information and the collaborative environment of the structural design.............................................22
Figures list
Figure 1 Load point at center......................................................................................................................4
Figure 2 Shear force and bending moment.................................................................................................7
Figure 3 Point load.......................................................................................................................................8
Figure 4 bending moment and shear force................................................................................................10
Figure 5 Uniformly load.............................................................................................................................11
Figure 6 shear force and bending moment................................................................................................13
Figure 7 Uniformly and point load.............................................................................................................14
Figure 8 Shear and bending force..............................................................................................................16
Figure 9 Uniformly and point load.............................................................................................................17
Figure 10 Shear force and bending moment.............................................................................................19
Figure 11 Resultant image.........................................................................................................................32
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LO1 Calculate bending moments and shear forces for
simply supported steel and concrete beams.
P1 Determine the following by calculations and diagrams:
bending moments and shear force in simply supported steel
beams with point loads and uniformly distributed loads.
Task A:
According to the scenario given in the question:
Figure 1 Load point at the center
Some given notations are: Ls denotes the length span
Ls = 14 m
Mid-point load = 150 KN
The image will be designed by using the given values in the question:
a. Evaluate the force reaction by using the image:
By using the above image;
Mean of force reaction locating in upward direction = Mean of force reaction locating in an
upward direction
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Rm+Ro=Rn (1)
Submission of acting moments = zero(0)
Conduct M point:
Ro*14=7*150
Ro=150*7/14 or
Ro=75 KN
Conduct O point:
Rm+Ro=150
Rm=150-Ro or
Rm=150-75 or
Rm = 75 KN
b. Evaluate the forced shear by using the image:
Conduct M point:
Force shear for M=Force of 150KN/2 or
Force shear for M = 75 KN
Conduct O point:
Force shear for O+Force of 150KN/2=Force of 150KN/2 or
The force of shear for O = Force of 150KN/2-Force of 150KN/2
The force of shear for O = 0KN
Conduct an N point:
Force shear for N=Force of 150KN/2-Force of 150KN
Force shear for N=(Force of 150KN-2Force of 150KN)/2
Force shear for N= -75KN
c. Evaluate moment bending for upward image:
Conduct M point:
Moment bending for M = zero[0]
Conduct O point:
Moment bending for O = zero[0]
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Conduct an N point:
Moment bending for N=Rm*(1/2 of span length)
= 75*7(KN m) or
= 525 Kim
So, the resultant construction can be made according to the calculations which are based on the
moment bending or force shear.
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Figure 2 Shear force and bending moment
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Task B:
According to the scenario given in the question:
Figure 3 Point load
Some given notations are: Ls denotes the length span
Ls = 8 m
Mid-point load = 65 KN
Load situation = from left side 2 m
The image will be designed by using the given values in the question:
a. Evaluate the force reaction by using the image:
Conduct M point:
Ro*8=65*6
Ro=2*65/2 or
Ro=48.75 KN
Conduct O point:
Ro*8=65*2
Ro=2*65/8 or
Ro=16.25 KN
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b. Evaluate the forced shear by using the image:
Conduct M point:
Force shear for M=Force of 65KN/8 or
Force shear for M = 48.75 KN
Conduct O point:
Force shear for O+Force of 65KN*2/2=Force of 65KN*2/2 or
The force of shear for O = Force of 65KN*2/2-Force of 65KN*2/2
The force of shear for O = 0KN
Conduct an N point:
Force shear for N=Force of 65KN/8-Force of 65KN
Force shear for N=(Force of 65KN-2Force of 65KN)/8
Force shear for N= -16.25KN
c. Evaluate moment bending for upward image:
Conduct M point:
Moment bending for M = zero[0]
Conduct O point:
Moment bending for O = zero[0]
Conduct an N point:
Moment bending for N=(65*6/8)*2
= 48.75*2(KN m) or
= 97.50 Kim
So, the resultant construction can be made according to the calculations which are based on the
moment bending or force shear.
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Figure 4 bending moment and shear force
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Task C:
According to the scenario given in the question:
Some given notations are: Ls denotes the length span
Ls = 25 m
Acting load uniformly= 25 KN
The image will be designed by using the given values in the question:
Figure 5 Uniformly load
a. Evaluate the force reaction by using the image:
By using the above image;
Mean of force reaction locating in upward direction = Mean of force reaction locating in an
upward direction
Rm+Ro=Rn (1)
= 25*25 or
=625
Submission of acting moments = zero(0)
Conduct M point:
Ro*25=625*12.54
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Ro=625*12.5/25 or
Ro=312.50 KN
Conduct O point:
Rm+Ro=625
Rm=625-Ro or
Rm=625-312.50 or
Rm = 312.50 KN
b. Evaluate the force shear by using the image:
Conduct M point:
Force shear for M=Force of 25KN*25/2 or
Force shear for M = -312.50 KN
Conduct O point:
Force shear for O+Force of 25KN*25/2=Force of 25KN*2/2 or
Force of shear for O = Force of 25KN*25/2-Force of 25KN*25/2
Force of shear for O = 0KN
Conduct N point:
Force shear for N=Force of 25KN/2-Force of 25KN
Force shear for N=(Force of 25KN-2Force of 25KN)/2
Force shear for N= 312.50KN
c. Evaluate moment bending for upward image:
Conduct M point:
Moment bending for M = zero[0]
Conduct O point:
Moment bending for O = zero[0]
Conduct N point:
Moment bending for N=force shear of R*(1/2 of 1/2span length)
= 312.50*12.5/2(KN m) or
= 1953.125 Kim
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