Structural Design Principles: A Comprehensive Report

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Principals of structural design
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Table of Contents
LO1 Calculate bending moments and shear forces for simply supported steel and concrete beams......4
P1 Determine the following by calculations and diagrams: bending moments and shear force in
simply supported steel beams with point loads and uniformly distributed loads................................4
(A)............................................................................................................................................................4
(a):.......................................................................................................................................................4
(b):.......................................................................................................................................................7
(c):.....................................................................................................................................................10
(d):.....................................................................................................................................................13
(e):.....................................................................................................................................................16
P2 Discuss the statutory requirements to ensure safety in structural designs...................................19
P3 Produce valid factors of safety for live loads, dead loads and imposed loads using current codes
of practice and building regulations.....................................................................................................21
D1 Evaluate how maximum bending moments determine steel beam selection using current codes
of practice and approved documents in terms of economics and safety............................................22
LO2 Determine deflection for simply supported steel beams.................................................................23
P3 Determine deflection in simply supported steel beams with point loads and a uniformly
distributed load....................................................................................................................................23
P2 Explain how deflection in beams affects the structural stability....................................................24
M3 Analyze the load-carrying capacity, size, weight and corrosion resistance properties of different
materials used for beams and columns in fixed structures.................................................................26
LO2/LO3 To Assess Support Methods in Construction.........................................................................28
(D)..........................................................................................................................................................28
LO3 Calculate the axial load carrying capacity of steel and reinforced concrete columns......................30
P5 Describe the concepts of slenderness ratio and effective length...................................................30
P6 Determine the axial load carrying capacity of steel columns and reinforced concrete columns...32
(a):.....................................................................................................................................................32
(b):.....................................................................................................................................................32
M3 Analyze the load-carrying capacity, size, weight and corrosion resistance properties of different
materials used for beams and columns in fixed structures.................................................................33
LO4 Explore design methods for steel, reinforced concrete beams, and columns..............................35
P7 Develop a design solution, including beam design and column design, for a given scenario........35
P8 Produce drawings and specifications in support of a structural design solution...........................36
M4 Evaluate the use of alternative material in achieving a design solution, discussing the benefits or
challenges associated...........................................................................................................................37
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D3 Assess the use of Building Information Modelling in the production of accurate structural design
information and the collaborative environment of the structural design...........................................39
References................................................................................................................................................40
Figures list
Figure 1 Load point act at the center...........................................................................................................5
Figure 2 forces of shear and moment of bending........................................................................................7
Figure 3 Load point act on 2 m....................................................................................................................8
Figure 4 forces of shear and moment of bending......................................................................................10
Figure 5 Uniformly load acting..................................................................................................................11
Figure 6 forces of shear and moment of bending......................................................................................13
Figure 7 Load and Uniformly acting point..................................................................................................14
Figure 8 forces of shear and moment of bending......................................................................................16
Figure 9 Uniformly and load point acting..................................................................................................17
Figure 10 force of shear and moment of bending.....................................................................................19
Figure 11 Statutory requirements.............................................................................................................20
Figure 12 Task 2 image..............................................................................................................................24
Figure 13 Task 2 image.............................................................................................................................25
Figure 14 Task 3 image..............................................................................................................................27
Figure 15 Slenderness ratio.......................................................................................................................32
Figure 16 solution for structural design.....................................................................................................37
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LO1 Calculate bending moments and shear forces
for simply supported steel and concrete beams.
P1 Determine the following by calculations and diagrams:
bending moments and shear force in simply supported steel
beams with point loads and uniformly distributed loads
(A)
(a):
According to details given in the question:
Length for span = 14 m
Mid-point load point = 150 KN
According to data given in the above statement, the arrangement will be as shown as:
Figure 1 Load point act at the center
1. Find the force of reaction that acts according to the representative diagram:
Then, take a C point:
Rx+Rc=150
Rx=150-Rc or
It can be written as Rx=150-75 or
Rx=75KN
2. Find the force of shear that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Force shear for X=(acting of force is 150/2) or
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Force shear for X= 75KN
Then, take the Z point:
Force shear Z+acting force of 150/2=acting force of 150/2 or
It can be said that Force shear Z= acting force of 150/2- the acting force of 150/2
Force shear at Z=zero(0)KN
Then, take a Y point:
Force shear at Y= acting force of 150/2- an acting force of 150 or
It can be written as =(acting force of 150- a 2acting force of 150)/2
= -75KN
3. Find a bending moment that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take point X:
Moment bending for X=(zero)0
Take point Z:
Moment bending for Z=(zero)0
Take point Y:
Moment bending for Y=Rx*[(1/2) span length]
= (75*7)KN m or
=525 KN m
So, the resultant image for moment bending and force of shear will be designed by using the
upward results.
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Figure 2 forces of shear and moment of bending
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(b):
According to details given in the question:
Length span=8 m
Mid-point acting load=65KN
Load situation=from left 2 m
According to data given in the above statement, the arrangement will be as shown as:
Figure 3 Load point act on 2 m
1. Find the force of reaction that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Rx*8=6*65 or
Rx=6*65/8 or it can be written as
Rx=48.75 KN
Take Z point:
Rz*8=2*65
Rz=2*65/8 or it can be written as
Rz=16.25 KN
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2. Find the force of shear that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Force shear for X=(acting force of 65*6)/8 or it can be written as
=48.75 KN
Then, take a Z point:
Force shear at Z+ acting force of 65*2/8= acting force of 65*2/8
Force shear at Z=zero(0)KN
Then, take a Y point:
Force shear at Y= acting force of 65/8- an acting force of 65
= (acting force of 65-2 acting force of 65)/8 or it can be written as
=-16.25 KN
3. Find a bending moment that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Moment of bending for X=(0)zero
Take Z point:
Moment of bending for X=(0)zero
Take Y point:
Moment of bending for Y=[6*65/8]*2 or it can be written as
= 97.50KN
So, the resultant image for moment bending and force of shear will be designed by using the
upward results.
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Figure 4 forces of shear and moment of bending
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(c):
According to details given in the question:
Length span=25 m
Uniformly acting load=65KN
According to data given in the above statement, the arrangement will be as shown as:
Figure 5 Uniformly load acting
1. Find the force of reaction that acts according to the representative diagram:
According to representation, the result can be found out for equilibrium condition,
Force reaction sum that acts upward = force reaction sum that acts downward
That is: Rx+Rz=25*25= or
= 625 (a)
Total acting moment=zero(0)
Then, take X point:
Rx*25=12.5*625
Rx=(12.5*625/[25]) or
Rx=312.50KN
Then, take Z point:
Rx+Rz=625
Rx=625-Rz=625-312.50 or
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= 312.50 KN
2. Find the force of shear that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Force shear for X=-[acting force of 25]/2 or
= -312.50 KN
Take Y point:
Force shear for Y+ [acting force of 25*25]/2= acting force of 25*25]/2
Force shear for Y=zero(0)
Then, take Z point:
Force shear at Z= [acting force of 25*25]/2 or
Force shear at Z=312.50 KN
3. Find a bending moment that acts according to the representative diagram:
Take X point:
Moment of bending for X=(0)zero
Take Z point:
Moment of bending for X=(0)zero
Take Y point:
Moment of bending for Y= force of shear at Z*(1/2)length of span or
= (12.5/2)*312.50
= 1953.125 KN
So, the resultant image for moment bending and force of shear will be designed by using the
upward results.
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Figure 6 forces of shear and moment of bending
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