Supply Chain Management and Operations Research Proposal, DBA, NMU

This research proposal delves into the critical aspects of supply chain management and operations within commercial establishments. It begins with an executive summary and a detailed table of contents outlining the structure of the proposal. The introduction establishes the study's purpose: to ...Read More

Running head: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Supply chain management and operations
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Executive Summary
The foremost determination of this proposal is to understand the operations department and
the supply chain department of different commercial establishments. This proposal will have
different section and each of the segment is important to preserve the consistency of this
proposal. Both secondary and primary data will be considered to maintain the dependability
of the findings of this proposal. The data analysis as well as the sampling method will also be
mentioned in this proposal, along with the ethical considerations and limitation of this study.
The time frame of this proposal along with the revision required in the proposal will also be
main discussed in the closing stages of this proposal along with the past experience of the
researcher of this proposal.

2SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Background of the study........................................................................................................4
Rationale of the study.............................................................................................................5
Research aims and objectives.................................................................................................5
Research Questions................................................................................................................5
Problem Statement.................................................................................................................6
Research Hypothesis..............................................................................................................6
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................6
Conceptual framework used in the proposal..........................................................................7
Research Methodology...............................................................................................................8
Introduction............................................................................................................................8
Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................8
Research Approach................................................................................................................9
Research Design...................................................................................................................10
Data Collection Process.......................................................................................................11
Data Analysis Process..........................................................................................................11
Sampling Method.................................................................................................................12
Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................13
Mitigation procedures..........................................................................................................13
Limitations of the study.......................................................................................................13
Definition of the concepts from literature review............................................................13
Verification of the concepts used.....................................................................................13
Outline of the chapters.........................................................................................................14
Significance of the research.................................................................................................14
Time frame...............................................................................................................................15
Revised budgetary needs..........................................................................................................17
Qualification and experience of the researcher........................................................................17
Reference..................................................................................................................................18

3SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Introduction
The prime determination of this proposal is to highlight the issues of supply chain
management operations and operations which are practised in most of the commercial
establishment. The advantages as well as the disadvantages of having different categories of
strategies will be evaluated in this proposal (Swink et al., 2017). The following section of this
proposal will be presenting the back ground of the study where detailed description of the
supply chain and operational practices of major commercial establishments will be
highlighted in an organized manner.
Background of the study
Both the manufacturing as well as the services industries practices the operations and
supply chain. Different types of materials and management of those materials are very much
considered in the research proposal (Schönsleben, 2018). All the operations planning,
distribution, logistics, retailing actives, order fulfilments are the essential activities of the
operations and supply chain of commercial establishments.
Supply change management and operations management are completely different
from each other and both departments are aligned with each other using an organized
approach. External stakeholders of the business who are part of the supply chain of the
business are given proper training so that the overall quality of service of the organization is
maintained. The delivery of the products and the service depends entirely on the performance
of the workers who are working on each of the operations and supply chain (Nair & Reed‐
Tsochas, 2019). All the workers of the operations department as well as the logistics
department is handled in an systematized modus with the help of resource management plan.
Acquiring the raw materials, distribution to the consumers are managed using
effective sales and marketing plans. Operations strategy is selected by the project managers in
order to manage each of the operational strategies adopted by the operations manager
(Meixell & Luoma, 2015). The role of the operational manager is very much significant in
order to identify the performance of each of the stakeholders associated with the business.
Identification of the correct marketing channels all falls under the category of the supply
chain management. The significance of operational constants are very much significant as it
helps to manage each of the operations of the production rooms (Monczka et al., 2015).
Creation of the inventory and maximising the efficiency of operations are maintained by the

4SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
supply chain managers and the operations managers of the commercial establishments
business (Wang et al., 2016). The rationale of the proposal will be described in the next
segment of the proposal.
Rationale of the study
Rationale of the proposal can be defined as the set of reasons which are very much
helpful for the researchers off the proposal to understand the significance and impact of
having a detailed idea about the importance of having a detailed knowledge about the
operations as well as the supply chain management practices of global commercial
establishments.
All the administration of the business practices and the efficiency of the different
categories of external and internal stakeholders are managed using the operations
management. Maximization of the profit and loss of the organization has to be evaluated in
the first place using the operational manager (Touboulic & Walker, 2015). The business
value of the organizational can maintained in a professional manner using the performance
report which are generally created and managed by the operational manager of this business.
Research aims and objectives
 To identify the significance of supply-chain management.
 To analyse and comprehend the usability of supply-chain management.
 To evaluate the significance of operational management.
 To identify the reasons behind the need of operations management.
 To find out the benefits of operations management.
Research Questions
 What is the role of operations management to ensure the success of the business?
 How can supply chain management help in identifying the overall productivity of
commercial establishments?
 What is the significance of supply chain strategy?
 What is the role of supply chain manager and operations manager in commercial
establishments?
Problem Statement

5SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
The practice of supply chain management has numerous issues and problems
associated with it which have a direct impact on the growth and productivity of the
stakeholders of the business like the customer service issues, managing the cost and practices
of the products and service offered by the business. Managing each of the activities of the
operations team is also a significant concern for most of the administrative department of the
commercial, establishments. At the same time it can also be said that creation of new
business opportunities can be effected using the supplier relationship. Delays in the
operational activities as well as delay in the supply chain are the other significant
characteristics problems associated with the commercial establishments all around the world.
Research Hypothesis
H0: The issues associated with the operations department of reputed business
organizations and the complications of the supply chain do not have a significance impact on
the overall productivity of any business.
H1: The issues of the supply chain as well as the operations department can have a
huge impact on the growth and productivity of commercial establishments.
Literature Review
This unit of the proposal will be very much significant to understand the impact of the
issues in the operations department and the supply chain department of these commercial
establishments. Each of the discussion of this chapter of the proposal will be highlighting the
opinion if the researchers as well as the reputed scholars who have stated their opinion about
the steps which are required to address the challenges of these two departments. Statements
and the opinion of each of the researchers are taken in such a manner which will be very
much useful to identify the exact steps required to mitigate the issues of the supply chain
management along with the operations department. Recent paper are selected in the literature
review unit of the paper.

6SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Conceptual framework used in the proposal
Figure 1: Conceptual model used in this proposal
(Source: Created by the author)
As stated by Mangan, Lalwani & Lalwani (2016), operations and supply chain
management have different issues associated with them such as the reduction of the costs in
each of the departments. The investigator of this paper stated about the taxation
complications among the external stakeholders of the business. The rising price of the raw
materials is the other challenge of the supply chain. The investigator of the paper stated that
the customer service of the commercial establishments must be having both online as well as
offline chat support. The significance of procurement risk management was also highlighted
by the investigator of this paper.
As illustrated by Lamba & Singh (2017), cost of energy and labour are the prime
drawbacks of the supply chain management. The investigator of this paper highlighted about
the risk management plan can be very much useful to identify the probable risk of the
operations departments and the supply chain management. The investigator of this paper
highlighted the significance of controlling and co-ordination all the resources which are
required to manage all the available resources of the business. The supplier dependencies of
the business were also discussed in a detailed manner by the investigator of this paper.
Set of ideas
and theories
Primary data
collection
Findings of
the paper

7SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
As mentioned by Kache & Seuring (2017), development of a good relationship among
each of the stakeholders of a business is very much required in order to get the long term
results of a solution. The investigator of this paper mentioned that services of high standards
can be maintained if good relationships are maintained with both internal stakeholders of the
business like operational manager and external stakeholders like distributor of the products.
The tactical, operational and the strategic level of supply chain management are described by
the investigator of this paper. The factors responsible to manage the costs were also
highlighted by the investigator of this paper. The investigator of this paper also focused in the
management of the labour costs.
According to Jabbour & de Sousa Jabbour (2016), supply chain managers must be
working very closely with all the business partners of the business as the market condition
keeps on changing every moment. The investigator of this paper focussed on the creation of
the inventory which can be very much useful to address the limitations caused due to issues
in supply chain management. The employment of the warehouse was also considered by the
investigator of this paper. This paper has successfully focussed on the inventory levels and
accuracy in managing the business data which can be very much useful to maintain the net
profitability of any business.
As revealed by Addo-Tenkorang & Helo (2016), the skills required for the supply
chain managers has to be frequently updated in order to manage the changing expectation of
the clients in terms of project management, cost accounting skills, ability to comprehend the
financial statements. The investigator of this paper mentioned that problem solving skills are
very required in order to manage the complexities of the production departments.
Understanding the cross cultural issues is also one of the most significant feature of this
paper.
According to Ivanov, Tsipoulanidis & Schönberger (2017), negotiation skills as well
as the procurement skills are very much significant in order to explore the alternative ways to
mitigate the risks of the supply chain management like the manufacturing risks, risk due to
adverse weather conditions, risks of unavailability of resources and communication risks. The
investigator of this paper have stated that maintaining the supplier as well as the customers
are very much significant for the long term growth of the business. The concept of value
chain management is the other concept which was highlighted by the investigator of this
proposal.

8SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Research Methodology
This unit of the proposal will be highlighting the data collection procedure, data
analysis procedure, data sampling procedures, research design, research approach and ethical
considerations of the proposal. The synthesis of the literature is one of the biggest aspects of
this conceptual model. The context and issues of the operation department as well as the
supply chain department can be managed using the above stated conceptual design.
Introduction
Different variations and the context of the selected topic can be managed in a
professional manner using this conceptual framework. Some of the ethical considerations of
this research can also be understood in the first place using conceptual design. The standards
which has to be maintained in the proposal can also be identified in the first place using the
conceptual framework. It can also be said that the relationship between each of the variable
used in this proposal, understanding the predictions made in the proposal according to the
secondary as well as the primary data can also be understood from the conceptual framework.
Research Philosophy
Diverse types of research philosophies are considered in research proposals like the
positivism, realism and pragmatism.
Pragmatism philosophy is the category of philosophy which can be very much useful
to answer the investigation questions in an organized manner. Freedom of the primary
stakeholder will be maintained using this research philosophy. All the procedures as well as
the techniques used in the paper can be managed using this research philosophy (Hugos,
2018). Impractical ideas from any of the data collection procedure are rejected in the first
place using this research design. The data collection as well as the data interpretation of the
data can be maintained using this research philosophy. Different approaches will be
considered in this research design.
Positivism philosophy considers only the factual knowledge are considered. Social
behaviour of the humans are considered in the first place in the data collection procedures.
Empirical observations are very much common in most of the positivism research philosophy
(Heizer, Render & Munson, 2017). Most of the qualitative data which are collected from any

9SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
of the primary as well as the secondary sources are managed in an systematized manner using
this philosophy.
Realism is a unique research design which is increasingly used in the different
research proposals as a scientific approach is maintained with the help of this research
philosophy (Hazen et al., 2018). All the natural human senses are considered during the
analysis of this collected. Detailed understanding of each of the access to the data is one of
the data using this research design. Realism design is very much similar to pragmatism.
Existence of a particular knowledge is considered in this research design
Selected philosophy: Realism research philosophy was selected in this proposal.
Realism philosophy considers both realistic as well as unrealistic data (Grant, Trautrims &
Wong, 2017). Some of the secondary data have some sort of vague or inappropriate data have
not been considered in this proposal. Different categories of theories shall also be considered
in this proposal especially for the data collection procedure.
Research Approach
Every research paper has different categories of approaches which are maintained
from the starting till the closure phase of the projects. Collection of data is very much
significant for the selection of the appropriate research design. Diverse types of research
designs which are generally deployed in the research proposals like deductive approach,
inductive approach and abductive research approach.
Deductive approach considers pre-determined theories and several assumptions are
made in order to find the impact of the selected topic. Creation of the hypothesis in the
researches is much easier in the deductive approach. This type of research approach can be
very much aligned with the hypothesis; reasoning and rational approach is very much
required in this type of approach.
Inductive research approach deals with detailed explanation of the collected data, new
theories of different investigators are seriously considered in this research approach.
Generalized data are analysed in an organized manner using this research design. Conclusive
statements are very much ignored in this type of research design, at the same time it can be
said that new hypothesis.

10SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Abductive research approach is very much useful to address the weakness of the
collected data. Logical inference is very much considered in this type of research approach. It
can be said that plausible conclusions can be obtained if this research approach is maintained
throughout the research (Giannakis & Papadopoulos, 2016). This type of research approach
can be aligned in an organized manner using different technologies such as artificial
intelligence and virtual reality. Abductive reasoning is very much aligned with this research
approach.
Selected research approach: The approach which was considered in this research
proposal is inductive research approach. Logic based abductions are only considered in each
phase of this project starting from the data collection to the data analysis phase.
Research Design
Explanatory research design deals with the priority of the research which has to be set
in the first place. Operational definitions are very much considered in the explanatory
research design. Different aspects of the study are heavily considered if this research design
is followed (Genovese et al., 2015). Knowledge can be increased in each level of the research
if this research design is considered in the research.
Exploratory design investigates different categories of probability. Fact findings are
very much considered in this type of research design. Both the primary data and secondary
data can be aligned in a professional manner using the exploratory design (Gao & You,
2015). Any sort of changes in the research approach in the middle of a research is well
supported by this design.
Selected research design: Explanatory design was selected as the research design in
this research where priorities are set. This research only focused on the steps by which the
risks of operations department and the supply chain departments are maintained.
Data Collection Process
Primary data is collected from primary sources in the form of personal interview,
group discussion, and online survey. (Fredendall & Hill, 2016).
Secondary data is collected from secondary sources such as the government websites,
reputed databases and Google Scholar.

11SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Selected procedure: This research will be very much reliable and consistent in nature
as it will be considering both secondary and primary data collection procedure. Primary data
of this research has been collected from two experienced professionals which has years of
experience working on operations department and supply chain department. Secondary data
is obtained from Google Scholar.
Data Analysis Process
Qualitative analysis and qualitative analysis are the two common data analysis
techniques in proposals. Quantitative analysis is very much useful to classify and categorise
the structured and raw data (Formentini & Taticchi, 2016). Creation of a framework can also
be done in a professional modus using this data analysis process. Interpretation of the data
can be done using the qualitative research design.
Quantitative analysis of data is a systematic approach to examine any sort of
numerical value. Any kinds of events or situation can be explained using the quantitative
analysis (Dubey et al., 2017). Statistical modelling and measurement are the two most
significant aspect of quantitative analysis.
Selected procedure: Secondary data collected from the secondary sources in terms of
Google Scholar will be analysed using the qualitative technique. Superlative as well as the
comparative forms has been selected for this research design (Fahimnia, Sarkis & Davarzani,
2015). Quantitative data analysis was also used in this research which is useful to manage the
primary data of this research, which are collected from personal interview.
Tools used: Diverse categories of the tools were used in the data analysis of this
proposal such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel.
Sampling Method
Diverse types of sampling technique are increasingly used in proposal like
probabilistic sampling method and the non-probabilistic sampling method.
Probabilistic method is the type of sampling which are used for sampling primary data
which might have some sort of numerical value.
Non probabilistic method considers only for secondary data where there are very less
chances of any numerical value. Different categories of data are sampled using the non-
probabilistic sampling method.

12SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Selected sampling method: Probabilistic sampling was considered for primary data
which was collected from the personal interview and non-probabilistic for the secondary data.
Ethical Consideration
Diverse types of ethical considerations which are associated with this research
proposal like maintaining the security and the privacy of the collected data for both the types
of data collection procedures.
Mitigation procedures
Primary data is stored was stored in secure cloud servers which helped in maintaining
the reliability and the consistency of the data (Christopher, 2016). The secondary data was
stored in a secured database in an encrypted form.
Limitations of the study
The foremost drawback of the research is the resource management and financial
management. Resource management issue can have a significant impact on the completion
time of this research (Akalin, Huang & Willems, 2016). Huge amount of money was spent
during the primary data collection procedure as arranging the interview dates was a huge
challenge.
Definition of the concepts from literature review
Risk Management plan: It can be defined as the type of risk management plan which
are used to forecast all the probable risk involved in each phase of this proposal such as the
management of time and resources.
Verification of the concepts used
Risk Management plan are increasingly used in different categories of industries such
as IT industry and manufacturing industry as it helps in bringing down the overhead costs
associated with the business.
Outline of the chapters
The first chapter of this proposal highlighted the background of the study which is
followed by the rationale of the study. The research questions will be followed by the
problem statement of the study stating all the issue of operations and supply chain
departments. The conceptual framework starts the second chapter of the proposal. The
opinion of the investigators was described briefly in this proposal. The research methodology
section such as the data collection, research approach, research design, data analysis,

13SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
sampling method, ethical considerations and the limitations are the main topic of the final
chapter of this proposal.
Significance of the research
The findings of this proposal can be very much useful to understand the different
categories of issues which are faced in operations department as well as the supply chain
management such as the complaints of the customer service department and increasing the
prices of the raw materials of the supply chain.

14SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Time frame
ID Outline
Number
Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
0 0 Identification of steps to
mitigate issues in
operations and supply
chain management
62 days Tue 11-06-19 Wed 04-09-19
1 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 19 days Tue 11-06-19 Fri 05-07-19
2 1.1 Background study of
the study
5 days Tue 11-06-19 Mon 17-06-19
3 1.2 Setting research
questions
2 days Tue 18-06-19 Wed 19-06-19 2
4 1.3 Creation of research
hypothesis
2 days Thu 20-06-19 Fri 21-06-19 3
5 1.4 Selection of primary
and secondary data
sources
10 days Mon 24-06-19 Fri 05-07-19 4
6 2 Chapter 2: Data Collection18 days Mon 08-07-19 Wed 31-07-19
7 2.1 Arranging interview
dates
7 days Mon 08-07-19 Tue 16-07-19 5
8 2.2 Selection of secondary
sources
6 days Wed 17-07-19 Wed 24-07-19 7
9 2.3 Data Sampling 5 days Thu 25-07-19 Wed 31-07-19 8
10 3 Chapter 3: Research
Methodology
25 days Thu 01-08-19 Wed 04-09-19
11 3.1 Data analysis 15 days Thu 01-08-19 Wed 21-08-19 9
12 3.2 Alinging the findinsg
with the research
questions
10 days Thu 22-08-19 Wed 04-09-19 11
F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
14 Apr '19 02 Jun '19 21 Jul '19 08 Sep '19 27 Oct '19 15 Dec '19 02 Feb '20 22 Mar '20
Figure 2: Scheduling procedure of the assignment
(Source: Created by author)

15SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Figure 3: Work breakdown structure
(Source: Created by author

16
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Revised budgetary needs
Resource management is one of the other significant aspect of this proposal,
however, it was found that additional funds were required as huge amount of money was
required in arranging the dates of interview for the primary data collection procedure.
Allocated budget Revised budget
Data collection $400 $500
Literature Review $500 $500
Internet fees $300 $300
Data Analysis $500 $500
Printing cost $300 $500
Arranging interview date $500 $800
Total $2500 $3100
Table 1: Revised budget of this research
(Source: Created by the author)
Qualification and experience of the researcher
The researcher of this proposal has an idea about the selected topic and has
experience in working in a similar project where data was collected from secondary
interview. Identification of the appropriate data from a huge database is much simpler
after the completion of the previous researches. The last projects helped in understanding
the significance of financial management and time management.

17
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Reference
Addo-Tenkorang, R., & Helo, P. T. (2016). Big data applications in operations/supply-
chain management: A literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering,
101, 528-543.
Akalin, G. I., Huang, Z., & Willems, J. R. (2016). Is Supply Chain Management
Replacing Operations Management in the Business Core Curriculum. Operations
and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 9(2), 119-130.
Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson UK.
Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Papadopoulos, T., Childe, S. J., Shibin, K. T., & Wamba, S.
F. (2017). Sustainable supply chain management: framework and further research
directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 1119-1130.
Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., & Davarzani, H. (2015). Green supply chain management: A
review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics,
162, 101-114.
Formentini, M., & Taticchi, P. (2016). Corporate sustainability approaches and
governance mechanisms in sustainable supply chain management. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 112, 1920-1933.
Fredendall, L. D., & Hill, E. (2016). Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press.
Gao, J., & You, F. (2015). Optimal design and operations of supply chain networks for
water management in shale gas production: MILFP model and algorithms for the
water‐energy nexus. AIChE Journal, 61(4), 1184-1208.
Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Figueroa, A., & Koh, S. L. (2017). Sustainable supply
chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and
some applications. Omega, 66, 344-357.

18
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Giannakis, M., & Papadopoulos, T. (2016). Supply chain sustainability: A risk
management approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 455-
470.
Grant, D. B., Trautrims, A., & Wong, C. Y. (2017). Sustainable logistics and supply
chain management: principles and practices for sustainable operations and
management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Hazen, B. T., Skipper, J. B., Boone, C. A., & Hill, R. R. (2018). Back in business:
Operations research in support of big data analytics for operations and supply
chain management. Annals of Operations Research, 270(1-2), 201-211.
Heizer, J., Render, B., & Munson, C. (2017). Operations management. Pearson
Education Limited.
Hugos, M. H. (2018). Essentials of supply chain management. John Wiley & Sons.
Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A., & Schönberger, J. (2017). Global supply chain and
operations management. A Decision-Oriented Introduction to the Creation of
Value.
Jabbour, C. J. C., & de Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L. (2016). Green human resource
management and green supply chain management: Linking two emerging
agendas. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1824-1833.
Kache, F., & Seuring, S. (2017). Challenges and opportunities of digital information at
the intersection of Big Data Analytics and supply chain management.
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(1), 10-36.
Lamba, K., & Singh, S. P. (2017). Big data in operations and supply chain management:
current trends and future perspectives. Production Planning & Control, 28(11-
12), 877-890.
Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Lalwani, C. L. (2016). Global logistics and supply chain
management. John Wiley & Sons.

19
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Meixell, M. J., & Luoma, P. (2015). Stakeholder pressure in sustainable supply chain
management: a systematic review. International Journal of Physical Distribution
& Logistics Management, 45(1/2), 69-89.
Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., & Patterson, J. L. (2015).
Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning.
Nair, A., & Reed‐Tsochas, F. (2019). Revisiting the complex adaptive systems paradigm:
Leading perspectives for researching operations and supply chain management
issues. Journal of Operations Management, 65(2), 80-92.
Schönsleben, P. (2018). Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain
management within and across companies. CRC Press.
Swink, M., Melnyk, S. A., Hartley, J. L., & Cooper, M. B. (2017). Managing operations
across the supply chain. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Touboulic, A., & Walker, H. (2015). Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a
structured literature review. International Journal of Physical Distribution &
Logistics Management, 45(1/2), 16-42.
Wang, G., Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W., & Papadopoulos, T. (2016). Big data analytics
in logistics and supply chain management: Certain investigations for research and
applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 176, 98-110.